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This article deals with totalitarianism and its language, conceived as both the denial and to some extent the reversal of liberalism and its conceptual framework. Overcoming liberal language meant not only setting up new political terminology, but also replacing words with symbols, ideas with sensations. This is why the standard political lexicon of totalitarianism became hardly more than a slang vocabulary for domestic consumption and, by contrast, under those regimes—mainly Italian fascism, Nazism, and Stalinism—a amboyant universe of images, sounds, and metaphors arose. Many of these images revolved around the human body as a powerful means to represent a charismatic leadership and, at the same time, an organic conception of their national communities. Totalitarian language seems to be a propitious way to explore the "dark side" of conceptual history, constituted by symbols rather than words.

Competencies in a large number of languages brought to our schools by representatives of linguistic minority groups are, through an unspoken policy of subtractive language education, irrevocably lost as national foreign language resources. This occurs in spite of repeated declarations of national leaders in commerce, defense, education, and international affairs that our foreign language resources are in a "scandalous" state. There are promising ways in which our schools can conserve the extraordinarily valuable language resources that are currently being squandered. A description of a model of two-way bilingual education is described that has the potential of providing opportunities for linguistic minority children to develop mature, adult literacy skills in their ancestral language.

Preliminary Material -- 1. Afghan Languages in a Larger Context of Central and South Asia /Harold F. Schiffman and Brian Spooner -- 2. Language Policy in Afghanistan: Linguistic Diversity and National Unity /Senzil Nawid -- 3. Locating 'Pashto' in Afghanistan: A Survey of Secondary Sources /Walter Hakala -- 4. Persian, Farsi, Dari, Tajiki: Language Names and Language Policies /Brian Spooner -- 5. Reversing Language Shift in Kazakhstan /William Fierman -- 6. Language Policy and Language Development in Multilingual Uzbekistan /Birgit Schlyter -- 7. The Fate of Uzbek Language in the 'Other' Central Asian Republics /William Fierman -- 8. Pashto Language Policy and Practice in the North West Frontier Province /Robert Nichols -- 9. A 'Vernacular' for a 'New Generation'? Historical Perspectives about Urdu and Punjabi, and the Formation of Language Policy in Colonial Northwest India /Jeffrey M. Diamond -- 10. Balochi: Towards a Biography of the Language /Brian Spooner -- 11. Resources for the Study of Language Policies and Languages of Afghanistan and Its Neighbors /Cynthia Groff -- 12. Conclusion /Harold F. Schiffman -- Index.

Cette contribution proposeun panorama général des activités de politique et planification linguistiques qui, au sein des minorités linguistiques indigènes de l'Union européenne, visent à prévenir le changement de langue au niveau social. La contribution cherche en outre à illustrer le rôle de la politique et de la planification linguistiques dans l'aménagement des conflits linguistiques. Elle se termine par une liste de quelques desiderata susceptibles d'alimenter la recherche sur les phénomènes extralinguistiques du contact de langue en Europe (au sein des minorités linguistiques indigènes et au-delà). ; This contribution seeks to provide a general overview of language policy and planning actions that, in the context of the EU's 'old' language minorities, are meant to counter societal language shift. It also illustrates the role of language policy and planning in the management of language conflict and lists a number of research desiderata that could help to fuel research on extralinguistic phenomena of language contact in European language minority settings (and beyond).

This is a case study using an interactive digital game to teach grammar via Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL). The interactive game via MALL is aimed to ease TESL students' fear and trigger their interest in learning grammar. The game uses the Theory of Variation (Marton & Booth) to design the grammar exercises in the game. A survey questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were administered to gauge the students' perceptions of using the game. The findings show that the game has somewhat improved students' grammar knowledge.

Introducing the geographies of language -- Charting the geographies of language -- Wales and the Welsh language : setting the context -- The geographies of language ability -- Making sense of language use -- The geographies of language policy in Wales -- Languages and institutional geographies.

In this article are discussed about the scientific assessments of the author by the policy of the language in Uzbekistan during the period of independence. According to the estimation of the experts that today there are about seven thousand languages in the world. Each of these languages is existence of particular nation or tribe, unbending throne of their eternal happiness which consists of their unity and integrity, a sketch of disciple of completely different thought and interpretation, a consistent perception of non-borrowing style. The nation or the people will live in this unimaginable world at the time from the diaper at the beginning of their life, to the white skull at the end of their life. The first-end luminary of untroubled and honorary way to acknowledge the person, the universe, and the God, is the language. The sense of identity of themselves in the world and the sense of protecting the dignity and liberty of their people, are stable due to the language. The truth which the mother tongue is the base of the human mental and spiritual-psychic world, is admitted by all of whom are at the forefront. In short, today there are so many different mental and spiritual bases in the human mindset. Naturally, in multinational countries, especially, there is a serious need for national politics, in particular its indirect component- the language policies. Obviously, it is difficult to solve the national issue at all levels without the normal language policy. That's why; every country has its own language policy irrespective of its huge and small. Language policy is a system of political, legal and administrative regulation of language issues in the country and the society, the complex of ideological principles and formal and practical measures by solving language problems, mechanisms of planned impact on the linguistic situation in the country.