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XI Khan of Kyrgyzstan: Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Family Rule and Heroization of the PastThe aim of the article is to highlight mechanisms of the construction of the national past. The precommunist and communist times, the period of independence and the events of March 2005 were used to design the narration on the almost mythical heroism of current authorities and their predecessors. The paper also attempts to reveal strategies of legitimization through the commemoration of the Tulip revolution.Additionally, it tries to reconstruct and critically comment upon main arguments used in public speeches by the head of state, by his family and ideologues of the regime. The aim, however, is not to present the coherent structure of official thinking similar to ideology. Ambiguities, inconsistencies and ad hoc reactions constituted very important part of the regime's official rhetoric. That is why the paper emphasizes strong tension between authoritarian and democratic strands of official discourse used accordingly to the ever-changing context in which Bakiyev's regime operated.

This article sets out to catalogue narration strategies used in the professional discourse about Effects-Based Operations (EBO). EBO was at the heart of the US military transformation (2001-2008) and is one of few concepts officially discontinued instead of being simply replaced by a successor concept making it a crucial case for analysing its rise and fall. An analytical framework for classifying the rhetoric of military innovations is presented in this article. Based on this framework the debate about EBO in the U.S. military journal Joint Force Quarterly between 1996 and 2015 is assessed with a view to three questions: How was EBO framed by military experts? Was the shift of institutional support for EBO reflected in the discourse? And, is there evidence to suggest that the EBO discourse had an influence on the adoption and later discontinuation of EBO? The analysis shows that in the case of EBO a particularly homogenous discourse pattern existed, which might have contributed to the concept's quick and ultimate demise.

1. Introduction: Understanding the Importance of Critical Legal Rhetorics; Discursive Threads in the Tapestries of Critical Legal Rhetorics; Rhetoricians' Roles in Theorizing and Criticizing the Rule of Law,; Substantive Units of Analysis in Critical Legal Rhetorics; Trajectory of the Book's Chapters; Notes; 2. Patriots, Traitors, and Civic Virtue: Redefining the American Character in the Case of Major Andre; History, Law, and Collective Memory; Patriotic Narrations of Andre's Capture; British Interpretations of Andre's Hanging; Ambiguous Defenses of American Civic Virtue; Elite and Populist Reconstructions of the Revolutionary War; Modern Memories, Histories, and Laws; Notes; 3. Sarah Roberts, Lemuel Shaw, and the Legal Invention of the Separate but Equal Doctrine; Afro-Americans and the Segregation of Boston Schools; The Roberts Case, Boston's School Board Committees, and Judge Lemuel Shaw; Boston's Reactions to Lemuel Shaw's Opinion in Roberts,; Notes; 4. Jurisprudence As Performance: John Brown's Enactment of Natural Law at Harper's Ferry; Jurisprudence As Performance; Construction of the Legal Rhetorical Culture, 1800-1859; John Brown's Performances at Harper's Ferry; Northern and Southern Reactions to Brown's Natural-Law Performances; Heuristic Implications for the Study of Law and Rhetoric; Notes; 5. Typhoid Mary, Bacteriology, and Progressive Law Courts; Medical Technology, Bacteriology, and the Invention of the Typhoid Carrier,; Genealogy of Detention, Isolation, and Quarantine Laws; Race, Class, and Gender in Mallon's Confrontation with Legal Authority; The Past As Prologue: The Reappearance of Other Typhoid Marys; Notes; 6. Judicial Rhetoric in a Fragmentary World: Character and Storytelling in the Leo Frank Case; Crafting a Fragmentary Approach to Judicial Rhetoric; Deploying Fragmentary Legal Rhetorics: Recontextualizing the Frank Case; Reconstructions of Gender; Reconstructions of Race; Reconstructions of Class; The Continuing Legacy of the Frank Case; Notes; 7. Judging the Perpetrators of the Holocaust: The Crisis of Legal Representation; Events Preceding the Nuremberg Trials and Denazification,; Nazi Concentration Camps and the Crisis of Representation; Jackson's Closing Remarks at Nurembe

The study examines the ways in which the Israeli-Palestinian conflict shapes and transforms the interests, narratives and options of relevant actors, in light of the failure of peace talks and the continuing occupation of the West Bank. The first contribution examines the Israeli discourse, laying out how the absence of resolution creates a paradoxical situation where majorities exist both for a two-state solution and against a Palestinian state. This translates politically into growing paralysis in relation to possible peace talks. The second contribution analyses how the Palestinian leaderships in Ramallah and Gaza City relate to the Israeli occupying power, within a spectrum of negotiations, resistance rhetoric and direct and indirect cooperation. The contribution also elaborates how the leaderships unintentionally became accessories to the occupying power. The third contribution explores how the EU's engagement suffers a discrepancy between stated objectives (two-state solution, Palestinian development) and achieved outcomes. It proposes concrete measures for resolving the conundrum. The fourth contribution examines the humanitarian organisation UNRWA, which operates under conditions of occupation and -inevitably but unwillingly- becomes a party to the conflict. The fifth and last contribution examines the Israel lobby in the United States. Whether the occupation of the West Bank lies in Israel's interests is found to be increasingly controversial among American Jews, and creating divisions within the Israel lobby. (Autorenreferat)

Wie wurde im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit von Kriegserfahrungen erzählt? Die Beiträge des Bandes gehen dieser Frage auf innovative Art und Weise nach, indem sie geschichtswissenschaftliche und literaturwissenschaftliche Methoden miteinander verbinden. Mithilfe dieses interdisziplinären Ansatzes werden Erzählpraktiken und -strategien beleuchtet, die Gattungsgrenzen zwischen faktualen und fiktionalen Texten aufgelöst und damit die Erkenntnismöglichkeiten im Hinblick auf die Erfahrungsgeschichte erweitert. Der Band ist nicht nur ein wegweisendes Werk der kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschung, sondern zudem ein Beispiel für gelungene und produktive interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit.

The author focuses on black authors who, from a 21st-century perspective, revisit slavery in the U.S., Ghana, South Africa, Canada and Jamaica. Nehl's provocative readings of Toni Morrison's A Mercy, Saidiya Hartman's Lose Your Mother, Yvette Christiansë's Unconfessed, Lawrence Hill's The Book of Negroes and Marlon James' The Book of Night Women delineate how these texts engage in a fruitful dialogue with African diaspora theory about the complex relation between the local and transnational and the enduring effects of slavery. Reflecting on the ethics of narration, this study is particularly attentive to the risks of representing anti-black violence and to the intricacies involved in (re-)appropriating slavery's archive.

"Talking is like walking" sagt Halliday (1985: XXV) über das Sprechen und
deutet damit auf den hohen Grad der Automatizität und den niedrigen Grad der
Beteiligung des Bewußtseins beim Sprechen hin. Daraus kann man folgern, daß
die Form des Ausdrucks in narrativen Texten mehr oder weniger unbewußt
entsteht, und daß sie daher den mentalen Zustand und die Absichten des Sprechers
widerspiegelt. Diesen Sachverhalt erkennt Chafe (1990:79): "I try to justify
... how and why narratives can be an important vehicle for mental research."
Diese Tatsachen werden auch in der Psychoanalyse erkannt, allerdings auf einer
anderen Ebene (vgl. Arrive 1992). Dort symbolisieren einzelne Wörter bestimmte
Sachverhalte, während hier sprachliche Strukturen als Indikatoren für das Mentale
betrachtet werden, indem Bedeutungen sprachlicher Strukturen entschlüsselt
werden. Die Aussagefähigkeit der einzelnen Strukturen wird in bezug zu ihrer
Regelmäßigkeit sowie ihren Abweichungen von der geläufigen "Regel" gesetzt.
Die Aufdeckung dieser Strukturen ist daher das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags,
deren primäre Zielgruppe Sozialwissenschaftler sind, die an vertieften
Interpretationen der Texte arbeiten. Die hier angestellten Überlegungen sind
jedoch nicht nur für Sozialwissenschaftler von Interesse, sondern für alle, die
Texte verstehen und interpretieren wollen. Gerade in detaillierten Interpretationen
gehen Psychologen intuitiv vor, obwohl die Linguistik genauere
Differenzierungen sprachlicher Strukturen anbieten kann. Es sollen also
argumentative Begründungen aufgrund der Eigengesetzlichkeit des sprachlichen
Materials ermöglicht werden.

Challenging the long-cherished notion of legal objectivity in the United States, Carl Gutiérrez-Jones argues that Chicano history has been consistently shaped by racially biased, combative legal interactions. Rethinking the Borderlands is an insightful and provocative exploration of the ways Chicano and Chicana artists, writers, musicians, and filmmakers engage this history in order to resist the disenfranchising effects of legal institutions, including the prison and the court.Gutiérrez-Jones examines the process by which Chicanos have become associated with criminality in both our legal institutions and our mainstream popular culture and thereby offers a new way of understanding minority social experience. Drawing on gender studies and psychoanalysis, as well as critical legal and race studies, Gutiérrez-Jones's approach to the law and legal discourse reveals the high stakes involved when concepts of social justice are fought out in the home, in the workplace and in the streets

Mit meinem Beitrag versuche ich für die akademische Psychologie und für verwandte sozialwissenschaftliche Gebiete die wesentlichen Beiträge literarischer Genres zu zeigen, wie sie sich aus einem sozialkonstruktivistischen Verständnis von (Alltags-) Erzählung und aus der interaktiven Konstruktion narrativer Collagen ergeben. Dem zugrunde liegt eine eigene Untersuchung "Der Beitrag strukturalistischer Literaturtheorie für die Entwicklung eines narrativen 'Selbst' in einem sozialkonstruktionistischen Ansatz", die von der Universität Santo Tomás (Bogota, Kolumbien) finanziert wurde und die alternative Optionen – Metaphern, visualisierte Narrationen und interaktive, künstlerische Performances – für die Ergebnispräsentation nutzt, um das Publikum zur Teilhabe einzuladen und zu ermöglichen, dass relevante Konzepte der Konsolidierung sozialer Konstruktionsweisen des Alltäglichen nachvollziehbar gemacht werden.

Can self-knowledge of personal attitudes and belief-formation figure as a requirement on those engaging in political justification? Would this not be asking too much of participants both at the personal and associational level and at the institutional and governmental level? Yet such a requirement seems to follow on Jeffrey Stout's pragmatist-expressivist account of political discourse and justification as reason-giving or "unconstrained discourse" (Stout, 2004). This self-knowledge requirement comes out in his emphasis on an individual justificatory standpoint, from which the person articulates reasons and beliefs and engages in (self-)storytelling and narration in order to express openly to the audience that person's motivations and justification for a given political position (Stout, 2010). If his political epistemology so requires self-knowledge and "public" philosophy serves to guide political justification, the question remains by what means or resources "public" philosophy may advance the kind of self-knowledge required on the behalf of participants. To that end, Leiter (2016) may provide useful contrast as a critique of the notion of "discursive hygiene" in justification (as opposed to "rhetoric") by elaborating the challenges posed to this notion by the obscurity of belief-formation, emotivism and tribalism. If Stout is seen to advance a view of public philosophy and political justification akin to "discursive hygiene", Leiter's critique poses a serious challenge to the former's political epistemology and pragmatist-expressivist account of political justification. In short, "unconstrained discourse" would provide no meaningful standards for such justification or its participants. Our first question then is to know whether Stout can overcome both the prima facie obstacles which this epistemological requirement sets participants and Leiter's naturalistic challenge to "public" philosophy and political justification. Provisionally, we may respond that Stout takes important steps to circumscribe the role of "public" philosophy and political justification within other publicly available modes of acculturation and moral inculcation. Our second question lies in whether Stout and Leiter then concur on the need for "rhetoric" as an argumentative standard for political justification. In the end, we will conclude that Leiter's "rhetoric" and Stout's "unconstrained discourse" are closer than they might at first appear.

In this article, we discuss the use of language portraits (LP) as a research method to investigate the embodied multilingual repertoires of people who use both spoken and signed languages. Our discussion is based on two studies in which most participants were deaf (one study also included hearing participants). We primarily offer a methodological contribution to the discussion around LP, since we argue that the study of linguistic repertoires of signers takes the multimodal aspect of the method to a new level. Indeed, by separating modalities (speech, signing, writing), grouping languages in different ways, and mapping them on the LP, the LP discussed in this article represent multimodal languaging more explicitly than in previous studies. Furthermore, by locating particular signs on the LP, several participants literally mapped their body when signing and gesturing in their narratives, thus performing and becoming their language portrait. We suggest that the study of body language (signing/gesturing/pointing) in the verbal narrations accompanying the LP thus expands the multimodal aspect of the analysis of LP.

Since the late Thirties, Hemingway starts being appreciated in Italy as the most powerful interpreter of the vitality of American modernism, both by an increasingly large audience, and by a considerable number of writers. Thanks to its style distant from the rhetoric of militarism, in the immediate aftermath of World War II, A Farewell to Arms becomes an aesthetic and political model for writers like Pavese and Vittorini, as well as for a promising younger author like Italo Calvino. Hemingway's success is largely due to his spare and reticent narration—a perfect mode to convey the existential void generated by the absurdity of war. ; La grande vitalità del modernismo americano trova in Hemingway un interprete particolarmente apprezzato nell'Italia del primo dopoguerra e un modello per una vasta platea di scrittori già affermati e di figure emergenti. Il suo rifiuto della retorica militarista in A Farewell to Armsdiventa una lezione estetica e politica per scrittori come Pavese e Vittorini e per chi, come Calvino, si avicina al romanzo immediatamente dopo la seconda guerra mondiale. Il successo di Hemingway è in larga parte dovuto all'uso di una narrazione scarna e reticente, scelta che si adatta perfettamente a rappresentare il vuoto esistenziale generato dall'assurdità della guerra.

Engaging with fiction films devoted to heroic tales from the decade and a half between 1949 and 1966, this book reconceives state propaganda as aesthetic experiments that not only radically transformed acting, cinematography and screenwriting in socialist China, but also articulated a new socialist film theory and criticism. Rooted in the interwar avant-garde and commercial cinema, Chinese revolutionary cinema, as a state cinema for the newly established People's Republic, adapted Chinese literature for the screen, incorporated Hollywood narration, appropriated Soviet montage theory and orchestrated a new, glamorous, socialist star culture. In the wake of decolonisation, Chinese film journals were quick to project and disseminate the country's redefined self-image to Asia, Africa and Latin America as they helped to create an alternative vision of modernity and internationalism. Revealing the historical contingency of the term 'propaganda', Chan uncovers the visual, aural, kinaesthetic, sexual and ideological dynamics that gave rise to a new aesthetic of revolutionary heroism in world cinema. Based on extensive archival research, this book's focus on the distinctive rhetoric of post-war socialist China will be of value to East Asian Cinema scholars, Chinese Studies academics and those interested in the history of twentieth-century socialist culture. ; https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1364/thumbnail.jpg

This article takes as its point of departure the disparity between the empirical poverty of race and its survival, even growth, as a way of understanding history and politics or more specifically, history as politics and politics as history in the Philippines during the nineteenth century. What interested me primarily was how race as a form of praxis is too often and easily ascribed to a discredited science that came into vogue during the nineteenth century. While race rhetoric certainly drew its authority from scientific positivism, its spokespeople also invoked the fields of law, philosophy, and religion. Yet for most people, race was not a question to be resolved by scientific investigation, but a weapon in a war or conflict between unequal opponents. Not surprisingly, questions around the existence or impossibility of a Filipino race were most fully debated and developed in a time of war the 1896 Philippine Revolution, and the 1899 Philippine-American War, which began just after the outbreak of war between the U. S. and Spain in 1898. My article charts the genealogy of these debates, and the relationship of race to the narration of anti-imperial movements and alternative cosmopolitanism.