Suchergebnisse

This book is a case study of the development of peace psychology in Australia. While there is, in comparison to other countries, relatively little overt violence, Australia the nation was founded on the dispossession of Indigenous people, and their oppression continues today. Peace Psychology in Australia covers the most significant issues of peace and conflict in the country. It begins with a review of conflict resolution practices among Australia's ancient Indigenous cultures and succinctly captures topics of peace and conflict which the country has faced in the past 222 years since British

Making War and Building Peace examines how well United Nations peacekeeping missions work after civil war. Statistically analyzing all civil wars since 1945, the book compares peace processes that had UN involvement to those that didn't. Michael Doyle and Nicholas Sambanis argue that each mission must be designed to fit the conflict, with the right authority and adequate resources. UN missions can be effective by supporting new actors committed to the peace, building governing institutions, and monitoring and policing implementation of peace settlements.

Abstract:The current debate measuring the trade-offs between democracy and judicial review is unable to analyse the influence of courts in post-conflict states. However, a court with authority over constitutional review is commonplace in new constitutions, including those that have been drafted (or revised) as part of a political settlement. This article suggests that judicial institutions are as important as political institutions in sustaining a political settlement. As this article sets out, the parties to a peace process are required to make numerous compromises to negotiate new (or revised) institutional arrangements. Several cases are considered which illustrate how domestic constitutional courts were asked to mediate between tensions inside the political settlement. In all of the examples, the courts interpreted peace to be the most important constitutional value, or the primary purpose of the constitution. The judiciary played a role in maintaining the constitutional link to the elite pacts of the peace agreement, while acknowledging that the link should not preserve elite pacts permanently or without limit. The article argues, first, that these cases constitute evidence of an emergent global 'peace jurisprudence' based on purposive interpretation and a principle of proportionality that protects the foundations of the political settlement, and, second, questions the extent to which international courts are willing or able to adopt this jurisprudence.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- About the Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter-1 -- Introduction: Methodologies in Peace Psychology -- 1.1 The Birth of an Idea and Its Context -- 1.2 Introducing the Editors -- 1.3 The Process -- 1.4 The Editing Process -- 1.5 Aims of the Book -- 1.6 Structure of the Book -- 1.6.1 Research Methods in Peace Psychology -- 1.6.2 Extending the Range of Methodologies -- 1.6.3 Transforming the World -- References -- Part I -- Research Methods in Peace Psychology -- Chapter-2 -- Theories Underlying Research in Peace Psychology -- 2.1 Founding of Peace Psychology -- 2.2 Violence and Countering Violence -- 2.3 Institutions and Situations Causing Direct Violence -- 2.4 Thinking and Unthinking Violence -- 2.4.1 Integrative Complexity -- 2.4.2 Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement -- 2.4.3 Beliefs -- 2.5 The Appeal of War -- 2.6 Emotions and Drives as Motivators of Violence -- 2.6.1 Frustration -- 2.6.2 Catharsis -- 2.6.3 Cognitive Dissonance and Effort Justification -- 2.7 Psychological Effects of Violence -- 2.8 Cycles: Effects Turning into Causes -- 2.8.1 Homicide Rates after War -- 2.8.2 Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) -- 2.9 Biological Questions for Peace Psychology Research -- 2.9.1 Addiction to Trauma -- 2.9.2 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) -- 2.9.3 General Stress -- 2.9.4 The Brain's Decision Making -- 2.10 Promoting Peace -- 2.11 The Psychology of Nonviolent Campaigns -- 2.11.1 Attribution Theory -- 2.11.2 Self-Serving Bias -- 2.11.3 Out-Group Homogeneity Effect -- 2.11.4 Social Referencing and Role Expectations -- 2.11.5 Cognitive Consistency -- 2.11.6 Beliefs and Emotions as Motivators for Assertive Nonviolence -- 2.12 Approaches to Conflict Resolution -- 2.13 The Contact Hypothesis.

Contents: The transformation of the Nobel Peace Prize, by Irwin Abrams; Norway and the Peace Prize, by Jakob Sverdrup.