Suchergebnisse

Las relaciones economicas entre China y America Latina han sido, en sus rasgos mas importantes, el reflejo de los cambios progresivos que se produjeron en la estructura del comercio y la produccion industrial a escala mundial como consecuencia de la irrupcion del modelo asiatico de desarrollo, a mediados de la decada de los anos ochenta. Distante, sobre todo en el plano economico - salvo en algunos sectores puntuales - China y otras economias asiaticas se convirtieron en importantes mercados de destino y fuente de abastecimiento de importaciones, permitiendo a los paises en desarrrollo diversificar los vinculos comerciales y financieros internacionales. (Integr Comer/DÜI)

La inminente extension de la Union Europea hacia el este ha reavivado la inquietud en America Latina por la posibilidad de un mayor aislacionismo en Europa. Sin embargo, es dificil que perjudique a America Latina el auge de las relaciones en materia de comercio e inversion extranjera directa entre los miembros actuales de la Union Europea y los paises de Europa central y oriental. En este articulo se concluye que las relaciones economicas futuras entre America Latina y la Union Europea dependen sobre todo de la reforma sostenida de la politica economica latinoamericana y del papel de la Union Europea en las negociaciones comerciales multilaterales, mas bien que de la ampliacion de la Union. (Rev CEPAL/DÜI)

The article provides a profound analysis of the main trends of international student migration for tertiary education, discusses the key factors influencing the choice of destination for studying abroad, and reveals the regional peculiarities of instruments for student migration regulation. The first part of the paper highlights the official statistics showing that in recent decades the world witnessed the steady increase in the number of international students, concentrating mainly in the USA and the European Union. Almost 48% of all international students in the world study in the European Union. This region also shows the highest internal student mobility. Among others, such countries as Austria, Luxemburg, Switzerland, Australia and New Zealand demonstrate the biggest shares of foreign students in the total number of university students. As for donor countries, the dynamics proves the major role of the Asia region, with a half of all international students originated from it. The largest number of foreign students come from China, India and South Korea. Nonetheless, the Asia region becomes a popular destination of student mobility nowadays. The second part of the article concerns different coordination policies of tertiary migration in the regional context. Mostly in developed countries, practices of attracting foreign students to study in professional programs and degree programs with a perspective to enter a national labor market after graduation become more and more popular. Postgraduate migration remains a priority. Most countries encourage job-searching for foreign graduate students, as they are considered to have a high-skill level, international views and an opportunity to live and work in a variety of socio-cultural conditions. Further analysis refers to the main factors determining the choice of destination for foreign students, which are: geographical proximity, language skills, cultural proximity, the cost of education, and a country's reputation in the field of higher education. The paper reveals the leading role of the EU in the developed intraregional educational mobility, the regional asymmetry of migration processes in other regions of the world, and Asian countries actively promoting temporary educational and labor migration to developed countries with incentives to return to a home-country in the future. In recent years, due to positive dynamics of the return migrants number, an interest in the creation of the returnees strategy grows as well as desire of developed and developing countries to benefit most from the return migration.

En el presente estudio el autor demuestra, a traves de abundante informacion estadistica, los avances del proceso de integracion latinoamericana logrados durante los anos noventa. Senala, no obstante, que el mismo se ha reducido, casi exclusivamente, al campo economico-comercial. Advierte, por otro lado, acerca del reto de impulsar las politicas relativas a las comunicaciones y el transporte entre los paises miembros, y concluye planteando que, junto con la definicion y aplicacion de instrumentos especificos para liberar el acceso a los mercados, es necesario establecer una institucionalidad juridica que sustente y promueva el proceso, garantizando su consolidacion y sancionando el cumplimiento de los acuerdos. (DÜI-Rol)

Since World War II, the focus of power in the international labor movement is no longer in Europe. Events, in which American labor has played a significant role, have favored a definite trend toward decentralization and the strengthening of regional organization. This has been secured in part by the establishment of regional (Asian, European, Latin American) offices by inter national federations of unions in specific trades or industries, and in part by the creation of regional organizations in Europe, the Americas, and Asia by the In ternational Confederation of Free Trade Unions. The author discusses some of the problems involved in these trends, the specific difficulties which face the ex tension of the movement to Africa, and the rivalry between the leading world confederations of labor, the ICFTU and the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions.—Ed.

The relevance of transaction analysis to the study of regional integration has been the subject of controversy. In dialectical fashion though, this controversy has produced improved understanding. Early exponents, who tended at times to overestimate the efficacy of the transaction approach, have accepted its limitations, and, by the same token, some early critics of transaction analysis have accepted its usefulness. Overall, we have come to recognize that regional integration is a multidimensional phenomenon, much more complex than initially imagined. Transaction approaches are appropriate and useful for investigating some aspects of regional integration; they are less useful for investigating others.

After having recalled the two-way links between international migration & development & having placed migratory movements in the context of globalization, the author examines the new situation created by the strengthening of immigration control policies & the relevance of the alternative strategy that considers free trade as a substitute for migration. He examines to what extent the effects of economic liberalization are likely to modify the decision to emigrate. In conclusion, he outlines various implications for migration policies. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.

Contemporary migratory pressures and their potential impact on the political, social, and economic relations between the North and the South.

'Die Krim-Problematik ist das Resultat einer wechselvollen Geschichte, postsowjetischer Politik und nationaler Mythenbildung. Auf das krimtatarische Khanat folgten die Zugehörigkeit zum Russischen Reich seit 1783, der Transfer an die Ukrainische SSR 1954 und die regionale Autonomie der unabhängigen Ukraine seit 1991. Ihre ethnische Zusammensetzung - die Krim ist die einzige Region der Ukraine mit einer russischen Bevölkerungsmehrheit und einer krimtatarischen Minderheit -, ihre sozioökonomische Struktur und ihre geopolitische Lage machen sie zu einem spezifischen Mikrokosmos. Die Krim ist die einzige Region innerhalb der Ukraine, die einen verfassungsmäßig garantierten Autonomiestatus erhielt. Noch vor dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion ist Anfang 1991 eine Krim-ASSR errichtet worden, die ab 1992 als 'Autonome Republik der Krim' den postsowjetischen Gegebenheiten angepaßt wurde. Die ukrainische Staatsverfassung von 1996, die einen unitaren Staat vorschreibt, wird durch diese 'Autonome Republik' um ein föderales Element ergänzt. Die Krim ist ein wichtiges Beispiel für die Bedeutung von regionalen Faktoren bzw. Akteuren sowie von Institutionen im Verlauf von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen. Der vorliegende Bericht untersucht die Gründe für die Einführung und Beibehaltung des Autonomiestatus, den konkreten Inhalt dieser Autonomie und ihre Implikationen für verschiedene Politikbereiche. Diese Fragen werden in den Kontext des politischen, wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und außenpolitischen Profils der Krim eingebettet.' (Textauszug)