Suchergebnisse

Gender is an essential determinant of health and illness. Gender awareness in doctors contributes to equity and equality in health and aims towards better health for men and women. Nevertheless, gender has largely been ignored in medicine. First, it is stated that medicine was 'gender blind' by not considering gender whenever relevant. Secondly, medicine is said to be 'male biased' because the largest body of knowledge on health and illness is about men and their health. Thirdly, gender role ideology negatively influences treatment and health outcomes. Finally, gender inequality has been overlooked as a determinant of health and illness. The uptake of gender issues in medical education brings about specific challenges for several reasons. For instance, the political-ideological connotations of gender issues create resistance especially in traditionalists in medical schools. Secondly, it is necessary to clarify which gender issues must be integrated in which domains. Also, some are interdisciplinary issues and as such more difficult to integrate. Finally, schools need assistance with implementation. The integration of psychosocial issues along with biomedical ones in clinical cases, the dissemination of literature and education material, staff education, and efforts towards structural embedding of gender in curricula are determining factors for successful implementation. Gender equity is not a spontaneous process. Medical education provides specific opportunities that may contribute to transformation for medical schools educate future doctors for future patients in future settings. Consequently, future benefits legitimize the integration of gender as a qualitative investment in medical education.

The objective of a country's government is to increase the well-being of its population. For this reason, a precise measure of inequality and poverty contributes to better development of economic and public policies to reduce the former and latter, respectively. Therefore, in recent years, various indexes have been developed to measure and compare inequality and poverty. In the case of Mexico, the Gini and Theil indexes are used to measure both problems. However, they are criticized for the overvaluation that they generate on specific population segments. For a better measurement, this paper calculates and investigates the relationship between the Palma index (inequality) and the Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke index (poverty). In addition to reducing the overvaluation problem, the indexes mentioned allow us to perform an analysis by gender and employment type (salaried and self-employed). The main results do not diverge from those already found through traditional measures. In general, a high level of inequality exists. However, our paper contributes to the literature by identifying both problems by gender. Men present greater inequality than women, whereas women present greater poverty than men. Finally, a positive, albeit weak, correlation exists between both problems, which means that poverty can be combated by combating inequality.

Bilingual Poetry on Gender and Equality

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Background and History -- Introduction -- Men and Women -- Female and Male -- Matriarchy and Patriarchy -- No Matriarchal Societies? -- Why Paternity? -- Subordination of Women -- Legal Restrictions -- Always Male Privilege? -- Opposing Voices -- Cross-Dressing -- The Rise of Feminism -- The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States: 19th Century -- Aftermath of the Seneca Falls Convention -- Women's Rights Organizations -- Legislative Campaigns -- The Lost Constituency -- The Battle Continues -- The Progressive Era -- The Woman's Movement in the United States, 1920-1960 -- The Second Wave of Feminism -- Third Wave Feminism -- A Fourth Wave of Feminism? -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions -- Introduction -- The Equal Rights Amendment -- Biology as Destiny -- Education -- Politics -- The Workplace and Pay Inequities -- Solutions -- Women in Business: The Glass Ceiling and Glass Cliff -- The Pay Gap -- Gender Inequality in the Professions -- Gender Inequality in Sports -- Sexual Harassment -- Gender Inequality Today -- Men's Movement -- References -- 3 Perspectives -- Introduction -- Who's Disadvantaged? -- Reference -- It's Time to Fix STEM -- References -- Teaching Sex Education in Zambia Changed My Perspective of Feminism -- References -- Gender Inequality in Medical Research -- References -- Beyond Gender Equality: Creating Equity for People of All Genders -- References -- The Impact of Mentoring -- References -- We Need a Reset -- References -- Intersectionality: A Brief History -- References -- Micro-Level Gender Inequality: A Transgender Man's Perspective -- References -- Gender Equity: We're All in This Together -- 4 Profiles -- Introduction -- Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) -- Margaret Brent (ca. 1601-ca. 1671).

Die feministische Dekonstruktion der Kategorie "Geschlecht" wird mittlerweile in einem zweiten Schritt der (Selbst-)Kritik daraufhin diskutiert, welche "naturalisierenden Restbestimmungen" weiblicher und männlicher Geschlechtszugehörigkeit noch immer vorausgesetzt werden. Nachdem die Unterscheidung von "sex" und "gender" als biologistisch und ahistorisch kritisiert worden ist, bewegt sich die Diskussion vorwiegend im Feld der kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung von Geschlecht und damit im Bereich von "gender". Hieran anschließend untersucht die Autorin, wie das Problem der "biologischen Fundierung" entsteht, dem feministische Ansätze oft unwissentlich aufsitzen. Zentral ist hierfür ihre Kritik an der naturalistisch mißverstandenen Verknüpfung von "natürlichem" Körper und sozialem Geschlecht: der Körper dient in diesen Ansätzen als der "stumme Diener und Träger" geschlechtlichr Identität. (pmb)

A social theory of gender is implied and required by current sexual politics. Its scope cannot be defined a priori, but can be defined practically by the reach of a network of arguments generated by feminism, gay liberation, psychoanalysis and some branches of academic sociology and psychology. Two main types of theory have emerged: one emphasising attitudes and social expectations, centring on the idea of `sex roles'; the other presupposing the categories of `women' and `men' and focussing on power relations between them. Criticisms of both general approaches to gender relations are outlined. An argument is advanced for a modification of the second, centring on the practices that constitute gender categories. Some examples of this third approach are mentioned. The problem of `natural difference' can be handled in a practice-based theory of gender by a radical reversal of usual assumptions about biological `bases' of gender, stressing negation and practical transcendence. Some political implications of this approach to theory are raised.

This book provides a key text for students seeking to understand feminist and gendered perspectives on criminology and criminal justice, bringing together the most innovative research and work which has taken the study of the relationship between gender and justice into the twenty-first century. It is essential reading for students taking courses in criminology and criminal justice, and anybody else wishing to understand the complex and changing relationship between gender and justice.

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Konzepte des doing und undoing gender. Zunächst rekonstruiert er den methodologischen Sinn der Rede von 'doing' X, die Folgeprobleme und Radikalitätsverluste des doing gender sowie dessen soziologische Ergänzungsbedürftigkeit um das Konzept des 'undoing gender'. Anschließend betrachtet er das Verhältnis von Mikro- und Makrotheorien in den Gender Studies. Dort wird der Reichweitenlimitierung des (un)doing gender-Theorems oft mit einer rhetorischen Prämodernisierung der Gesellschaft begegnet. Mikro/Makro steht in den Gender Studies für einen epistemologischen Split, durch den man die 'Geschlechter' mikrotheoretisch dekonstruiert und makrotheoretisch rekonstruiert. Dieser Split ist in den politischen Verstrickungen des Feldes begründet. Der Aufsatz plädiert für das Dritte der Geschlechterdifferenz als eine Beobachtungsposition der Post Gender Studies, von der aus sich Prozesse des Gendering und Degendering symmetrisch beobachten lassen. ; This article discusses the concepts of doing and undoing gender. First, it reconstructs the methodological sense in speaking of 'doing X', the subsequent problems for and the loss of radicalism of doing gender, and the sociological need to supplement it by the concept of 'undoing gender'. Second, the relationship between micro and macro theories in gender studies is taken into consideration. Here, the (un)doing gender theorem's limited scope is met with a rhetorical pre-modernization of society. Furthermore, micro/macro stands for an epistemological divide in gender studies, deconstructing 'genders' micro theoretically while reconstructing them macro theoretically. This divide stems from the political entanglement within the field. All told, this article makes the case for the third of gender difference as an observational position of post-gender studies from whose vantage point processes of both gendering and degendering can be viewed symmetrically.

" The Macmillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks: Gender series serves undergraduate college students who have had little or no exposure to Gender Studies, as well as the curious lay reader. Following the Primer, which introduces the field of study, as well as the topics of the remaining 9 volumes plus a selection of subjects that will not receive full volume treatment (e.g., new media, music, disability), each handbook ushers the reader into a subfield of Gender Studies (see the list of titles, below) and explores twenty to thirty topics in that subfield. Every chapter in each volume, all newly commissioned studies prepared by academic experts, offers an annotated bibliography/research guide to encourage students to explore the topics further, using vehicles such as film or the arts to facilitate understanding of issues at the heart of the discipline, for example, fashion, health, masculinities. Each chapter ends with a summary of the concepts discussed. Each volume is edited by an academic subject specialist. "--

" The Macmillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks: Gender series serves undergraduate college students who have had little or no exposure to Gender Studies, as well as the curious lay reader. Following the Primer, which introduces the field of study, as well as the topics of the remaining 9 volumes plus a selection of subjects that will not receive full volume treatment (e.g., new media, music, disability), each handbook ushers the reader into a subfield of Gender Studies (see the list of titles, below) and explores twenty to thirty topics in that subfield. Every chapter in each volume, all newly commissioned studies prepared by academic experts, offers an annotated bibliography/research guide to encourage students to explore the topics further, using vehicles such as film or the arts to facilitate understanding of issues at the heart of the discipline, for example, fashion, health, masculinities. Each chapter ends with a summary of the concepts discussed. Each volume is edited by an academic subject specialist. "--

Papers presented at the International Conference on Gender & Development in the World of Work, held at Jhansi in March 2010

Do gender quota laws - policies that mandate women's inclusion on parties' candidate slates - affect policy outcomes? Making Gender Salient tackles this crucial question by offering a new theory to understand when and how gender quota laws impact policy. Drawing on cross-national data from high-income democracies and a mixed-methods research design, the book argues that quotas lead to policy change for issues characterized by a gender gap in preferences, especially if these issues deviate from the usual left/right party policy divide. The book focuses on one such issue, work-family policies, and finds that quotas shift work-family policies in the direction of gender equality. Substantive chapters show that quotas make gender more salient by giving women louder voices within parties, providing access to powerful ministerial roles, and encouraging male party leaders to compete on previously marginalized issues. The book concludes that quotas are one important way of facilitating congruence between women's policy preferences and actual policy outcomes.

Die Gender Studies haben sich in den letzten Jahren zu einer der zentralen Forschungsperspektiven entwickelt. Dieser Band bietet eine systematische Einführung in die wichtigsten Theorien und Ansätze. Anhand von ausgewählten Originaltexten werden die Anfänge der Frauenforschung, aktuelle Fragestellungen der Queer Theory und Verknüpfungen mit anderen Fachrichtungen vorgestellt