Suchergebnisse

The proceedings of the Weizenbaum Conference 2021 "Democracy in Flux: Order, Dynamics and Voices in Digital Public Spheres" have been funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) (grant no.: 16DII121, 16DII122, 16DII123, 16DII124, 16DII125, 16DII126, 16DII127,16DII128 – "Deutsches Internet-Institut").

An examination of specific deterrence theory within the broader context of rational choice with recommendations of modifications based on more explicit understanding of decision heuristics (short cuts or rules of thumb used in decision making). Research based on data from 867 adjudicated juvenile offenders whose cases were handled in 6 juvenile courts in the US concludes that a strong sense of citizenship, rather than perceptions of certainty & severity of punishment, is an important crime-deterring factor. Furthermore, punishment-oriented policies did not have the expected effects of deterring crime. Theoretical implications are discussed. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 31 References. Adapted from the source document.

Concludes that a strong sense of citizenship is more important in understanding criminal intentions and actions than are perceptions of certainty and severity of punishment. Punishment-oriented policies did not have the expected effects either on perceptions or on behavior. (Abstract amended)

AbstractThis article focuses on air defense in maritime environment, which involves protecting friendly naval assets from aerial threats. Specifically, we define and address the Naval Air Defense Planning (NADP) problem, which consists of maneuvering decisions of the ships and scheduling weapons and sensors to the threats in order to maximize the total expected survival probability of friendly units. The NADP problem is more realistic and applicable than previous studies, as it considers features such as sensor assignment requirements, weapon and sensor blind sectors, sequence‐dependent setup times, and ship's infrared/radar signature. In this study, a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model of the NADP problem is presented and heuristic solution approaches are developed. Computational results demonstrate that these heuristic approaches are both fast and efficient in solving the NADP problem.

Results of past research suggest that affect plays an important role in risk perception. Because affect may also increase the availability of risks, affect and availability are closely related concepts. Three studies tested the hypothesis that evoking negative affect (fear), either through past experience or through experimental manipulation, results in greater perceived risk. The present research focused on perception of flooding risk. Study 1 and Study 2 showed that participants who received risk information concerning a longer time period (e.g., 30 years) perceived more danger compared with participants who received risk information for one year. Study 2 showed that the interpretation of risk information was influenced by participants' own experiences with flooding. In Study 3, affect was experimentally manipulated. After looking at photographs depicting houses in a flooded region, participants perceived greater risk compared with participants in a control group. Taken together, the results of these three studies suggest that affect is important for successful risk communication. Results of the present research are in line with the affect heuristic proposed by Slovic and colleagues.