Suchergebnisse

In England, so often dubbed a nation of animal lovers, close to 177,000 native badgers, a protected species under UK law, have been shot under license since 2013, ostensibly to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. There is no doubt that bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a severe problem for cattle, farmers, and taxpayers. In 2021, over 72,000 herd tests, covering more than 9 million individual cattle, were performed across Great Britain. Almost 39,000 reactor cattle and their direct contacts were slaughtered under the compulsory test and-slaughter program. More than 3.500 new herd incidents of bovine TB were recorded in 2021, and nearly 9% of cattle herds in the 'High-Risk Area' covering the West and South-West of England were affected and subject to movement and trading controls. The cost to the taxpayer of bTB testing and compensating farmers over the past decade is estimated to be more than £500 million (US$630 million). A typical bTB breakdown costs a farmer many thousands of pounds, not forgetting the associated disruption to their herds and businesses. However, the licensed killing of badgers as a means of controlling bTB, introduced in 2013, has been steeped in controversy, with veterinarians, epidemiologists, animal welfare experts, farming representatives, politicians, government scientists, officials, and the wider public arguing over the ethics and effectiveness of the policy.

Because of the resources limitation so resource allocation is a fundamental issue for public sector budgeting especially revenue and expenditure calculation. Regional budget distribution shows local government policies on development funding whereas capital expenditure is concerned with a component of direct expenditure of government budgets that deliver output in the form of fixed asset. This study purposes to determine factors that impress capital expenditure allocation of local governments, are Economic Growth and Regional Revenue (PAD). The population of this study is 35 local governments in the Province of Central Java, Indonesia. By employing multiple regression analysis, t and F test on secondary data from the 2015-2020 Budget Realization Reports of local governments in the Central Java Province, the result shows that economic growth and regional income partially and simultaneously have a positive effect on capital expenditure. These findings imply that local governments should look more carefully at managing their finances, have a strong desire, and provide capital for capital expenditures that have implications for the long-term welfare of local communities. The limitation of this research is that this research is carried out with a quantitative approach and to find out the real conditions in decision making on local government budgeting, it is recommended for further research to use a mixed quantitative and qualitative method.

The purpose of this study was to determine the National Health Insurance (JKN) facilities throughout Indonesia, and to determine the level of hospital service by comparing patients using BPJS health facilities and general patients. This research method uses literature review / journal data collection from several authors and the results of research between one author and another have the same results in one case. Justice and the right to obtain proper health and welfare in the perspective of human rights are still not felt by the entire population, discriminatory services against BPJS patients, until the treatment rooms for BPJS health care service users are still limited, making poor people have to pay for medical expenses and BPJS health facilities cannot be used. Here there is a need for improvements from the Government in implementing classless hospitals and an increase in the number of specialist doctors, especially so that they are available in Hospitals in Rural Areas. It is hoped that the role of the Government in corrective actions towards Health Services will be in accordance with as stated in the 1945 Constitution (UUD'45) article 28 H paragraph (1) which states that everyone has the right to obtain health services, then in Article 34 paragraph (3 ) stated that the State is responsible for the provision of adequate health service facilities and public service facilities.

In this paper, we argue that the European Green Deal (EGD) represents a focal point for the fate of the European Union: Will the EGD highlight the EU's critical flaws and stir social conflict, or will it revitalize the European project with a "new green spirit," renewing the legitimacy of European market economy? Taking the EU Commission's claim that the EGD should become "Europe's man-on-the-moon-moment" at its word, we discuss the parallels and differences between the US 1960's space mission and the European "green mission." By analyzing cultural infrastructures of the two monumental governmental projects, the article unpacks three underlying themes that the moonshot metaphor alludes to regarding the EGD's societal legitimacy: 1) the contextualization of the Green Deal as a hegemonic ambition in a new "race" for the leading development of a green growth economy; 2) the evocation of capitalistic welfare that is imagined as a European Dream, just like the moon landing was closely related to and revitalized imaginaries of an American manifest destiny; and 3) the attempt to de-antagonize EGD-critical social forces. Speaking "truth to power," social protest can become a source of legitimacy itself for liberal governmentality, like antagonists of the US space race were - in the eye of the public - converted into believers of the American Dream.

AbstractThis article explores the shifting politics of the Racine, Wisconsin, working-class community from World War II to the 1980s. It looks at the ways Black workers' activism influenced local politics and how their efforts played out in the 1970s and 1980s. Case studies show how an expansive view of the boundaries of the Racine labor community led to cross-sector labor solidarity and labor-community coalitions that expanded economic citizenship rights for more working people in the city. The broad-based working-class vision pursued by the Racine labor community influenced local elections, housing and education, increased the number of workers with the power of unions behind them, and improved Racine's economic and social conditions. By the 1980s, Racine's labor community included not only industrial workers but also members of welfare and immigrants' rights groups, parents of inner-city students, social workers and other white-collar public employees, and local and state politicians willing to support a class-based agenda in the political arena. Worker activists' ability to maintain and adapt their notion of a broad-based labor community into the late twentieth century shows how this community and others like it responded to the upheaval of the 1960s social movements by creating a broad and relatively successful concept of worker solidarity that also incorporated racial justice.

Along with rising awareness of social welfare and environmental protection, corporate social responsibility becomes an internationally emphasized topic. The implementation of corporate social responsibility could effectively promote social impact and brand value as well as present the competitiveness of long-term competitive advantage and sustainable management. From the aspect of environmental protection, medical products with use value should not be disposed in the recovery channel. In this case, the maintenance of medical products and the activity to maintain waste medical products, recycle resources, and reuse parts are the environmental protection issues stressed by the government and the public. Aiming at the mass society in Fujian Province, total 360 copies of questionnaire are distributed, with random sampling, and 274 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 76%. The retrieved data are analyzed with statistics software. The research results show significant correlations between reverse logistics and corporate image, corporate image and social impact, as well as reverse logistics and social impact. Suggestions, according to the results, are proposed, expecting to help medical device industry effectively combine green strategies, include the concept of environmental protection into corporate culture, provide the society with valuable goods or services, master green business opportunities, and precede differentiation competition in the same trade in order to win in the fierce competition.

AbstractThis article explores the conditions under which female members of parliament (MPs) are more likely than male MPs to participate in political debates relating to a range of issues. Building on descriptive representation theory and parliamentary behaviour studies, we examine how the effect of the number of women in parliament, and women's access to leadership positions, on MPs' issue attention varies across policy areas and parliamentary venues. Looking at oral questions asked by male and female MPs in plenary sessions and parliamentary committees in Spain from 1982 to 2018, we found that numbers and leadership positions significantly affect female MPs' attention to those parliamentary activities that aim to highlight the merits of government action and in venues that are less open to public scrutiny. Our results also illustrate that the presence of women in parliament and their access to leadership positions have a significant impact on female MPs' attention to rights‐ and welfare‐related issues, but not issues traditionally linked to high‐profile political areas such as national security, macroeconomic policy, and government affairs. The presence of women in parliaments has increased globally, but inequalities in the gender distribution of issue attention persist, thereby reducing the capacity of female MPs to act on behalf of and stand up for women in political debates on most issues.

Social housing has a long tradition in Europe. Since the early 20th century, these often anonymous and sometimes unappreciated buildings have formed the suburbs of large European cities. With the multidisciplinary international research project "Mapping Public Housing," the Center for Studies in Architecture and Urbanism at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto traces this architectural heritage and shows that often lively settlements and entire city districts have emerged from subsidized housing. There we find today a qualified urban fabric, somewhat under risk of deprivation, yearning for strategies that focus on sustainability and refurbishment of housing and housing estates. This book takes a closer look at notable cases from Portugal, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain, among others, with a spectrum that ranges from the beginnings of social housing in Portugal, after World War I, to the fall of the dictatorial regime in 1974. Gathering only apparently scattered interests and researches, it establishes a heterogeneous reading of its subject and suggests sustainable conceptual approaches to housing for the future. The result is a broad panorama that understands the development of subsidized construction as part of Europe's cultural history and traces the fundamental role that state-subsidized housing played in the emergence of the European welfare state.

The current 4.0 revolution requires all lines to continue to transform in providing excellent service to the community. This is due to the development of science and increasingly sophisticated technology. Competition between fields is getting more challenging, including the government, highly highlighted for public consumption. All must be able to maintain the existence of their institutions to survive in the current 4.0 era. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of differences in employee status on employee performance at the Office of the People's Welfare of Mandailing Natal Regency. This study is a quantitative study with a research population of fewer than 100 people, so all 30 employees were used as research samples. The data analysis technique used is a simple linear regression (t) test. After statistical tests were carried out, it was obtained that the employment status had a positive regression coefficient value of 36,053. The results of this positive coefficient value indicate that employment status has a positive effect on employee performance. All statements of employment status and performance variables have a value of 0.33, meaning that the performance indicators, namely, work quality, quantity, timeliness, effectiveness, and independence, are all good. Employees who have higher employment status will have better performance in service compared to non-status employees.

A cottage is one of the businesses that is able to contribute to the community's economy and become a product to support tourism activities in the East Lombok Regency. The increase in tourist visits to the Tetebatu Tourism Village is an opportunity for the community to develop home-based businesses to improve the welfare of the community. This study aims to determine the participation of local communities in the development of home-based businesses in Tetebatu Tourism Village, East Lombok Regency.This study uses qualitative and quantitative data types. The data sources used are primary and secondary. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The informant determination technique used was a purposive sampling technique, and the data analysis technique used was descriptive and qualitative.The results of this study indicate that the tourist cottage business in the Tetebatu Tourism Village is owned by the local community, has complete facilities and infrastructure, the number of rooms is adjusted to the ability of the homeowner, the room prices vary, and the service to tourists is very good and is carried out by the owner of the cottage., as well as the type of community participation in the development of the tourist cottage business, which initially spontaneously turned into a passive business because of public disappointment with the government. Keyword: Community Participation, Tourism Cottage

The research aims to determine the suitability of the financial statements of the Sharia Financial Services Cooperative Of The Muamalat Micro Enterprise Community Based on The Darussalam Pemali Mosque based on the prevailing Entities Without Public Accountability and Sharia Financial Accounting Standards. The type of research is qualitative descriptive. This research was conducted at the Sharia Financial Services Cooperative of The Muamalat Micro Enterprise Community Based on The Darussalam Pemali Mosque. Data collection techniques consist of observation, documentation and interviews. While data analysis techniques consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study show that the financial statements of KJKS KUM3 Darussalam Pemali have not been fully in accordance with the prevailing Sharia ETAP Financial Accounting Standards. This is indicated by the absence of a comparison of the two periods in the presentation of financial statements, not yet appropriate in compiling the balance sheet report, profit and loss, changes in equity, cash flow and has not made a report on zakat funds, welfare funds and notes on financial statements. Factors of discrepancy in the application occur due to lack of Human Resources, the attachment of the system to the center, lack of understanding by practitioners and lack of attention from the government or cooperative agencies related to the development of sharia cooperatives.

Leadership is influencing people or followers, so that people behave in their desired manner. This study aims to see Batak Toba culture as a basic model of millennial leadership. The benefits of this scientific work are to see Batak culture as having basic concepts in the millennial leadership style model. Batak culture to help and control the lives of the Toba Batak people is not only in the context of customary ties, but also in the economic, religious, political, and even bureaucratic fields. The use of the d Switcha Na tolu culture in the administration of the bureaucracy will make it difficult for someone to run and implement formal rules or regulate and regulate customary rules. The strong influence of the divert na tolu culture on the Toba Batak people is likely to regulate customs in the administration of the bureaucracy. Therefore, in the context of a modern and rational public bureaucracy, the Toba Batak people will often face difficulties and moral and ethical dilemmas between discipline and bureaucratic rules and customary moral orders. The role of the Millennial Generation in Batak Toba culture is based on the cultural philosophy of the Toba Batak people, namely Hagebon, Hamoran, and Hasangapon. Principle 3- "H" is the philosophy of ethnicity of the Batak ethnic community of the Toba Batak Adat which means welfare, honor and dignity, as well asancestry.

The estimated prevalence of anti-HCV was 3.3% (1.8-5.5%) in the general population in Taiwan with several regional disparities. The reactive anti-HCV in different regions may vary between 0% and 65%. The National Hepatitis C Program (NHCP) office estimated approximately 623,323 persons reactive with anti-HCV based on several extensive region- and cohort-wide studies. Taiwan has accelerated its efforts to eliminate hepatitis C since 2018 by committing to achieve World Health Organization (WHO)'s 2030 goal of treating 80% of eligible patients by 2025. Many aggressive measures by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) have been ongoing including several key success factors such as political commitment by the MOHW to finance this national program and improve National Health Insurance (NHI) reimbursement restrictions for treatment. Meanwhile, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) instituted harm reduction programs and the Health Promotion Administration (HPA) started to improve awareness and perform national screening programs. The NHCP office instituted monitoring, evaluation, micro-elimination and funding to linkage to care programs. In addition to sustainable financing, it is imperative to scale-up screening coverage through a precision public health approach to fill the gap of under-diagnosis. Hopefully, we can achieve early elimination by announcing the treatment target of 250000 CHC patients by 2025.

This qualitative case study of Block 192, Peru's largest oilfield, makes the case for a local form of extractivism. Local extractivism is triggered by firstly a dependence on the only economic activity there is in the area, and secondly by the strategic usage of extractive activity as local communities' sole bargaining chip towards the government. An analysis of news items and interviews with actors involved in processes regarding Block 192, finds thatrepeated socio-environmental conflicts and production shutdowns have led to an increased state presence and willingness to negotiate. The very activity that has had detrimental effects on local communities' livelihoods for decades is as such also their only hope for achieving public goods, welfare and income-generating opportunities: This is the Janus face of extractivism. The Janus-faced political space for permanent negotiations between communities and national government regarding both conditions for extraction and government services unrelated to the extractive activity, is created by the state's overarching imperative to continue extraction. This article thus calls for a broadened analytical focus on conditioned spaces for cross-scalar negotiation as an outcome of the extractive imperative, and more diversified representations of the local scale beyond sites of resistance or grounds for particularistic local agreements with industry only.

Silvopasture is the intentional integration of trees, forages, and livestock. Benefits of this agroforestry practice include shade for livestock, nutritious forage, and reduced wind speed in pastures, as well as ecosystem services and tree products. The literature indicate that some livestock producers are interested in silvopasture, but little is known about their establishment preferences and if they vary by demographics or operation type. This study hypothesized that producers are equally interested in planting trees in pastures (planting) and reducing forest canopy and planting forages (thinning) to establish silvopasture, and that the effects of the potential benefits of silvopasture on their preferences are similar. To test these hypotheses, 307 livestock producers in Virginia, United States of America were surveyed about whether they prefer planting or thinning. Producers also were asked about the extent to which potential benefits of silvopasture affect their preferences. Nearly 25% of the 139 respondents (response rate = 45%) were 'very interested' in thinning, compared to 8% for planting. Animal performance and welfare was their primary goal, but forest management and whole-farm productivity also were important. Guidelines are needed for maintaining stand health and productivity when thinning and for improving tree protection and growth in pastures when planting to establish silvopasture. ; Published version ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee