Suchergebnisse

Стаття присвячена розгляду інституційних засад зміцнення економічної безпеки підприємств. Висока інтенсивність і різновекторність ринкових трансформацій зумовлює виникнення постійно нових загроз економічній безпеці підприємств. Розроблення інструментарію їх усунення передбачає дослідження усієї множинності інституційних умов господарювання підприємств. Для цього було сформовано графічну інтерпретацію інституційно-інноваційного забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємств, в якій поєднано важелі, інструменти, методи та ряд інститутів, що мають значний вплив на рівень економічної безпеки сучасних підприємств. В роботі досліджено особливості впливу окремих з зазначених інститутів.Розгляд впливу тих чи інших інститутів передбачає попередній аудит економічної безпеки. Який здійснюється не лише шляхом оцінювання ефективності реалізації та своєчасності втілення планів з досягнення бажаного рівня економічної безпеки підприємства та можливостей реалізації зовнішніх та внутрішніх загроз. Важливим є відслідковування ряду супутніх елементів аудиту. Потрібно досліджувати є не лише технічні, інформаційні та юридичні, але і кадрові загрози.Інноваційно-інституційна складова економічної безпеки передбачала розгляд фінансової та організаційної сторони. Згідно даних офіційної статистики в Україні протягом останніх років частка власних коштів в структурі фінансування була незначною, що є нормальним в умовах розвитку інноваційного підприємництва. Одним з способів залучення коштів є технопарки. За останні роки зі 120 проектів технопарків України 90 мали академічний характер. Низькі показники прийняття проектів технопарками в цей період визначаються фактичною відсутністю державної підтримки та недотриманням і швидкою змінюваністю законодавства, що регулює діяльність технопарків в Україні.Вагомим новітнім шляхом залучення інвестицій є бізнес-ангели. Фінансово заможні люди з певним практичним досвідом створили Українську асоціацію бізнес-ангелів, яка об'єднує інвесторів на національному та міжнародному рівнях з метою пошуку перспективних проектів для спільного фінансування. Спільне фінансування стартапів зменшує та дозволяє диверсифікувати ризики. ; The article is devoted on the consideration of the institutional basis for strengthening the economic security of enterprises. The high intensity and multi-vectoring of market transformations leads to the constant emergence of new threats for the economic security of enterprises. The development of tools for elimination the threats involves the study of the whole variety of institutional conditions of enterprise operation. For this purpose, a graphical interpretation of the institutional and innovative ensuring the economic security of enterprises was formed. In this interpretation the leverages, tools, methods and a number of institutes that have a significant impact on the level of economic security of modern enterprises are combined. In this work the influence features of some institutes named are investigated.The consideration of the influence of certain institutes involves a preliminary audit of economic security. This is done not only by assessing the effectiveness and timeliness of plan implementation to achieve the desired level of economic security of the enterprise and the opportunities for implementing external and internal threats, but also it is important to track a number of related audit elements. It is necessary to investigate not only technical, informational and legal, but also personnel threats.The innovational and institutional component of economic security included the consideration of the financial and organizational aspects. According to official statistics in Ukraine in recent years, the share of own funds in the financing structure was insignificant, which is normal in the context of the development of innovative entrepreneurship. Technological parks are one of the ways to raise funds. In recent years, out of 120 projects of technology parks in Ukraine, 90 had academic nature. The low rates of acceptance the projects by technology parks in this period are determined by the actual lack of government support and the lawlessness and rapid change in legislation, that regulate the activity of technology parks in Ukraine.An important newest way of attracting investment is the business angels. The wealthy people with some practical experience have created the Ukrainian Association of Business Angels, which brings together investors at the national and international levels searching promising projects for consolidated financing. Consolidated financing of startups reduces risks and allows to diversify them.

Die folgende These evaluiert drei indische Entwicklungspolitiken, dessen Ziel die Förderung von Frauen und historisch benachteiligten sozialen Gruppen ist. Diese drei Konzepte sind: der Vorbehalt für Frauen in öffentlichen Arbeitsprogrammen; politische Repräsentierung von Frauen in den indischen Staatsversammlungen; politischer Vorbehalt in den Landesversammlungen gegenüber historisch benachteiligten Gesellschaftsgruppen. Die Dissertation bewertet die drei verschiedenen Richtlinien in drei Forschungsarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse der politischen Maßnahmen könnten sich auf verschiedene Entwicklungsziele auswirken. Die ersten beiden Studien befassen sich mit den Auswirkungen der Entwicklungspolitik auf das Wohlergehen der Kinder. Das dritte Papier konzentriert sich auf verschiedene Geschäftsergebnisse, einschließlich der Ergebnisse von Scheduled Castes (SC). Die erste Studie (gemeinsam mit Ritam Chaurey verfasst) untersucht die Auswirkungen des indischen Beschäftigungsgarantieprogramms (MGNREGA - Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) auf das Wohlergehen von Kindern im Vorschulalter. Anhand einer Differenz-zu-Differenz-Spezifikation, die sich aus der gestaffelten Einführung des Programms zwischen 2006 und 2007 in verschiedenen Distrikten Indiens ergibt, stellen wir fest, dass MGNREGA zu einer Verringerung der Anzahl der Mahlzeiten für Vor- und Schulkinder geführt hat. Die zweite Studie (gemeinsam mit Francesco Burchi verfasst) verfolgt zwei Hauptziele: (1) zu analysieren, ob das Geschlecht der Politiker in Indien das Bildungsniveau der Bewohner der Bezirke beeinflusst, in denen sie gewählt wurden; (2) zu testen, ob Politiker sensibler für die Bedürfnisse von Menschen gleichen Geschlechts sind. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine 10-prozentige Zunahme der politischen Repräsentation von Frauen eine 6-prozentige Erhöhung der Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Folge hat, dass Kinder die Grundschule abschließen. Folglich fanden wir geschlechtsspezifische Ergebnisse: die politische Handlungsfreiheit von Frauen beeinflusst die Bildung von Mädchen stärker, als die von Jungen. Die dritte Studie untersucht die Existenz von Bevorzugung bei nichtlegislativen Aktionen von politischen Führungspersonen, die durch die Wahlquoten der Scheduled Castes (SC) gewählt wurden. Die Studie untersucht die möglichen Geschäftsergebnisse im privaten nichtlandwirtschaftlichen Sektor, die sich direkt auf den Wohlstand der Scheduled Castes und anderer Kasten auswirken. Dazu gehören: die Geschäftsführung; der Zugang von Unternehmern zu öffentlichen Versorgungseinrichtungen; die Abhängigkeit der Unternehmer von der wirtschaftsfachlichen Mobilität der Familienarbeitskräfte; Beschäftigung von SC in Unternehmen anderer Kasten; die Fähigkeit von SC-Unternehmern, Arbeitskräfte von anderen Kasten einzustellen und politische Schirmherrschaft. Die Analyse zeigt, dass nichtlegislative Handlungen der SC-Führungskräfte weder die Einbeziehung von SC-Mitgliedern in die Unternehmen des privaten Sektors fördern, noch die allgemeinen Geschäftsergebnisse der anderen Kasten beeinflussen. Die Studie stellt jedoch fest, dass die führenden Politiker des SC an der politischen Schirmherrschaft in den rentenorientierten Sektoren beteiligt sind. ; The thesis attempts to evaluate three Indian development policies aimed at promoting women and historically disadvantaged social groups. These policies are: job reservation for women in public workfare programs; women's political representation in the Indian state assemblies; political reservation in the state assemblies for historically disadvantaged social groups. The thesis evaluates the three distinct policies in three research papers. The outcomes of the policies could impact various development goals. The first two papers focus on the development policies' effects on children welfare. The third paper focuses on several business outcomes, including those of Scheduled Caste entrepreneurs. The first paper (co-authored with Ritam Chaurey) examines the impact of the Indian employment guarantee program (MGNREGA - Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) on the welfare of preschool aged children. Using a difference-in-differences specification stemming from the staggered roll-out of the program between 2006-2007 across districts of India, we find that MGNREGA resulted in a decrease in the number of meals for pre-school and school-going children. The second paper (co-authored with Francesco Burchi) has two main objectives: (1) to analyze whether the gender of politicians in India influences the educational attainments of the residents of the districts in which they were elected; (2) to test whether politicians are more sensitive to the needs of people of the same gender. Our results show that a 10 percentage increase in women's political representation produces a 6 percentage increase in the probability that children will complete primary school. We then found gender-differentiated results: that women's political representation affects the education of girls significantly more than that of boys. The third paper examines the existence of preference in the constituency works of political leaders elected through the Scheduled Castes (SC) electoral quotas. The paper examines the possible business outcomes in the private non-agricultural sectors that directly affect the welfare of the Scheduled Castes as well as other castes. These include: entrepreneurship; entrepreneurs' access to public utilities; entrepreneurs' dependence on family labour sectoral mobility; employment of SC in other caste enterprises; SC entrepreneurs' ability to hire labor from other castes and political patronage. It finds that constituency works of SC leaders do not promote inclusion of SC members in the private sector businesses nor do they affect the overall business outcomes of the other castes. However, this study finds that SC leaders are involved in patronage in the rent-seeking sectors.

Consideration of the MENA region illustrates that during the past years, oil production has resulted a socio-economic transition from old- to modern-style mode. In the meantime, entrepreneurial activity as a feature of economic growth being robust in the MENA region with more than one-half of its population under the age of 25 as a large motivated generation of young working people across the globe. Hence, the main objective of present study is prioritizing the institutional dynamics of entrepreneurial environment development in the most prosperous oil-richest MENA countries. In order to achieve this objective, first, eleven oil-richest MENA countries: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates are clustered regarding their economic diversification and performance during 2010-2016 using K-means algorithm. In continue, for finding the crucial institutional dynamics of entrepreneurial business environment development, the target is tackled by developing a hierarchy system and analyzing the model using fuzzy extended analytic hierarchy process (FEAHP) in the most successful clustered countries with highest economic diversity and performance. Thus, a group of 108 informants has responded the FEAHP questionnaires for Qatar and the UAE. Based on the findings, the discovered dynamics are diversity of economic activities, opportunities to start-up, entrepreneurial training programs, market openness, business education, women's support to start-up, technical and vocational education, venture capital, rules and regulations governing entrepreneurial activities, and commercial and services infrastructure. The current fine-grained argument contributes on the oil-rich countries' entrepreneurship literature, which can be useful for policy and decision makers to strengthen the business environment of Qatar and the UAE, or similar economies, as well as countries that have further remaining development steps ahead to boost competitiveness and attract investment for achieving a robust private sector. Keywords: Business environment, Economic diversification, Economic performance, K-means clustering algorithm, Entrepreneurial development, Institutional factors, Fuzzy extended analytic hierarchy process ; ÖZ: MENA (Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika) Bölgesinde petrol üretimi başladıktan sonra sosyal ve ekonomik değişiklikler ortaya çıktı ve Bölgedeki ülkeler eski yaşam tarzlarını daha modern şekle dönüştürdüler. Bu değişimde ekonomik büyümenin esas unsurlarından birisi olan girişimcilikte de, bölge ülkesinde yaşayanların yarısının 25 yaşın altında olması nedeniyle önemli gelişmeler kaydedildi. Araştırmanın amacı petrol zengini MENA ülkelerinde girişimcilik ikliminin gelişmesinde kurumsal dinamikleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, ilk olarak, en baştaki petrol zengini 11 MENA ülkesinde ekonomik çeşitlilik ve ekonomik uygulamalar k-means algoritma kullanılarak kümelen dirildi. Bu ülkeler; Cezayir, Mısır, İran, Irak, Kuveyt, Libya, Oman, Katar, Sudi Arabistan, Sudan ve Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri olarak seçildi ve göstergeler 2010-2016 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Girişimcilik ikliminin gelişmesi için gereken kurumsal dinamikleri bulmak için hiyerarşik bir sistem geliştirildi ve model fuzzy extended analytic hierarchy process (FEAHP) kullanılarak analiz edildi. Sorular, ekonomik olarak en başarılı ve ekonomisi en çok çeşitlilik gösteren ülkelere yollandı. Katar ve Birleşik Arap Emirliklerinden 108 yanıt toplandı. Sonuçlara göre, işe başlamak için fırsatlar, girişimcilik geliştirme programları, pazarların dışa açıklığı, işletmecilik eğitimleri, kadınların işe-başlama destekleri, teknik ve hizmet-içi eğitimler, venture kapital, girişimcilikle ilgili kurallar ve ticaret ve hizmetler için altyapılar önemli kurumsal dinamikler olarak ortaya çıkıyor. Bu sonuçlar Katar ve Birleşik Arap Emirliklerinde girişimcilik ortamını geliştirmek için politikacılara ve politika belirleyicilere ipuçları veriyor. Araştırma sonuçları, benzer ekonomilerde de, özle sektörü güçlendirmek, rekabetçiliği geliştirmek ve yatırımları cezbetmek için ne gibi önlemler alınabileceğini gösteriyor. Anahtar Kelimeler: İş iklimi, ekonomik çeşitlilik, ekonomik gelişme, K-means kümelendirme logaritmiği, girişimciliği geliştirme, kurumsal faktörler, Fuzzy extended analytic hierarchy process ; Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Business Administration, 2019. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Melek Şule Aker and Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Tümer.

The challenges which entrepreneurs in general face have been well documented over the years, however, challenges specific to real estate entrepreneurs have not adequately been identified. In a developing country like South Africa, the impact of entrepreneurs in the growth of the economy and in its transformation objective, cannot be underestimated. The challenges in the real estate sector in which developers provide affordable housing, are of crucial importance to identify as doing so will promote further development which will aid in reducing the high unemployment and poverty rate. These challenges have not yet been adequately identified. The aim of this research paper is to identify them, to rank them in order of importance and to provide in depth analysis as to how they affect real estate entrepreneurs in completing their developments. The focus will be on small medium and micro-enterprise (SMME) developers as entrepreneurs in an urban context, namely in the Johannesburg central business district. The impact of these developments is higher; thus, the challenges experienced by these developers are of significance. Literature on entrepreneurship was reviewed to ascertain the definition of an entrepreneur, their mindsets and what drives them. This was used to define a real estate entrepreneur which in the context of this research paper is someone who purchases land or buildings to develop them into residential housing for the purpose of a return (both social and economic). In the research methodology a phenomenographic approach was used, appropriate for a qualitative research approach, as it sought to identify challenges through the developers' experiences. The developers selected, all had prior experience in the field. The researcher interviewed them in person. Their responses were recorded, transcribed and evaluated. Seven challenges in order of importance were identified namely: 1) Apartheid 2) Education, Experience, Competencies and Mentorship 3) Land 4) Municipalities 5) Equity 6) Time Delays 7) Professional Team The legacy of apartheid has a negative effect on the real estate development industry as it is largely and experience-based profession of which many previously disadvantaged people were previously denied access to. The result of this is that many highly educated, first time developers enter the market with the support of funders but the lack of experience in development thus making many costly mistakes which could have been avoided had they had the right mentors and experience within the field. This has proven to be difficult to receive as those with the skills and experience are often reluctant to pass it on to those whom they may be unfamiliar with. It was found that SMME entrepreneurs lack the basic competencies to complete developments due to their lack of experience, which they in turn rely heavily on a professional team which is either too costly for the feasibility of the development or has limited experience, due to similar reasons pertaining to apartheid. The concern of gaining access to the best prime land at reasonable prices was great as it was found that this land, mostly government owned, was often sold to established private developers who had access to quick funding due to their track record and experience. This left the less desirable land to SMME developers who would in turn reap lower returns. Challenges related to the inefficient municipalities in the approval of development plans, the lack of access to affordable finance and equity, and the time delays from the approval of financing and building plans to those due to the contractors and professional teams, were identified as the three largest challenges. This is because they have cascading adverse effects on the rising cost of the developments, possibly rendering them unprofitable on completion, if they eventually reach this point. Solutions proposed include intervention by the government, private institutions and experienced mentors to guide first time developers in gaining the required skills to become successful and to pass on to other developers. Such interventions include incubation programs for entrepreneurs with a mentoring aspect from industry veterans who wish to share their networks and experience in paying it forward. Once these entrepreneurs have completed successful developments they would be mandated to become a mentor to other entrepreneurs as a way to continue closing the experiential gap for SMME real estate entrepreneurs.

Pastoralists' communities in Kenya have been co-existed since their migration and settlement in the region. However, frequent conflicts have been experienced among these communities due to scarcity of natural resources and drought. Pastoralists in Kenya are concern with raising their livestock, moving the herds in search of scarce resources such as water and pasture. The root cause of pastoralist conflict in Kenya is scarcity of natural resources and drought. This has often been suggested to trigger conflict flare-ups and that there was a recent flare up in the year 2016. Many descriptions of the conflict suggest that drought is an underlying driver, however other factors have also been suggested, i.e., politics, availability of arms, cultural values, population, governance, and lack of income (Adano et al., 201. Hence this research project explores the local perceptions of the main drivers of conflict. While studies have been conducted on the effects of droughts on pastoral communities and their coping strategies in the County, little is known of the perceptions of the locals on the role of drought in exacerbating inter-ethnic violence among three main pastoral communities in the region i.e. Borana, Gabra and Rendille. The main objective of this study was to establish the local perceptions of drought in exacerbating contemporary pastoral conflict in Marsabit County. Though there have been several studies on vulnerability to drought conducted in the area, all of them tend to neglect the conflict between the three main clans in Marsabit County. Moreover, the pastoralist communities in the region have experienced conflict flare-ups for many years despite availability of institutions that ought to have solved it. Therefore, the study specifically aims to analyze the different causes of conflict in Northern Kenya with an eye to determine the perceptions of Borana, Burji and Rendille clans and government and non-governmental on role of drought in increasing conflict in the Marsabit County. The study also examines different interventions used by government and non-governmental organizations in dealing with conflict in the area. The population of the study comprised 100 randomly selected community members from nine villages in Marsabit County and 15 government and non-governmental employees in Marsabit County. The study draws on data gathered through a questionnaire designed to meet the objectives of the study. The quantitative data was coded, processed and summarized into frequencies, percentages and graphs. The qualitative information from the interview is narrated as a report. In the questionnaire presented to participants, the extent to which each factor contributes to the conflict in the region is given in numerical categories i.e. (4-5) meaning agreed to a very high extent, (3) moderate extent or unsure and (1-2) agree to a very low extent or not at all. The study found that both locals and NGOs in the region perceive scarcity of resources which leads to drought as the main factor that influences the conflict in the region as compared to other factors i.e. cultural values, politics, population increase and cultural values. According to respondents, the drought caused a deficiency in natural resources i.e. water and pasture, which contributed to the conflict to a great extent. The study also found that locals in Marsabit County perceived different factors such as poverty, politics and cultural resources as influencing interethnic conflict in the region. The study recommends the following-: - There is need for the government and other non-governmental organizations to come up with more strategic ideas for climate change adaptation, ideas that could go hand in hand with the changing environment. - There is also a need to broaden and spread the livelihood and entrepreneurship projects to all the sub-counties where the climate change impact is harsh. - The county government needs to increase its budget allocation for pastoralist communities. This will promote sustainable development and create more jobs for the youths in the county. - County government, politicians and community elders should come up with a clear approach to tackle conflict in the region and prosecute the perpetrators of inter-ethnic conflict in the region.

Cultural heritage is an indispensable attraction for tourism. Heritage tourism can help to achieve poverty alleviation in some areas, but it can also lead to unsustainable situations and even longterm destruction of the cultural resource. The danger of the existence of a vicious development model is that the demand for tourism leads to commercialization, and tourist gentrification – specifically when related to heritage cities and villages. This can lead to a perceived lack of authenticity which will in turn reduce visitor satisfaction to some extent. As a result, continued unmanaged development may lead to alienation of local stakeholders and a diminished tourism experience. Discussions on heritage, its value, and local consequences requires a targeted approach. Balancing the economic benefits and maintaining the core value of cultural heritage is a particularly challenging task. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of tourism development on heritage cities with ethnic minorities, specifically focusing on the ancient city of Lijiang in China. The main research question was defined as: "What are the effects of tourism development on local culture and the visitor experience within the old town of Lijiang, China." Because of the increase in urbanization and tourism, excessive commercialization and gentrification have affected the sustainable resource management of heritage sites. Legacy is not a renewable resource; it should be effectively preserved. However, because of its management complexity, there is no unified method. This study uses a qualitative method of inductive inference. The research phase begins with a secondary data collection based on the research questions. Through identifying the stages of tourism development in Lijiang, introducing the government management structure , as well as the government's management strategies at different times, conclusions could be made in terms of restrictions on remaining residents, and a general loss of local homeownership in favour of non-local entrepreneurship. As a second research method, visitor reviews of a travel website (Tripadvisor) were collected over 3 periods (2009-2011, 2012-2014, 2015-2017), and analysed via thematic coding. This allowed for a recognition of overall trends in changes to the visitor experience from 2009 to 2017, specifically: positive reviews (such as the perception of the attractiveness of the ancient city) have declined year by year, and negative reviews (such as lack of authenticity and over-development) have increased year by year. Therefore, the study found that the government's management strategy mainly aimed at the uninterrupted growth of the tourism industry and tourism gentrification are two major factors that hinder the sustainable development of Lijiang heritage tourism. Therefore, this dissertation proposes to strengthen the understanding of the non-market value of the ancient city, changing the business philosophy, redefining the functional location of the ancient city and creating quality tourism products. Through this, tt may be possible to try to improve the status quo in Lijiang and realize the sustainable development of ancient city tourism. While the use of longitudinal analysis of visitor reviews offers an interesting monitoring tool, there were also some inherent limitations to the study design. The history of the Old Town's planning and management strategy could only be reviewed through secondary data. This may not be very comprehensive and detailed and cannot exactly match the timeframes for which tourism reviews were collected. At the same time, the factors of group thinking and social influence in the review cannot be ruled out. For future research it is suggested that a more in-depth interview approach can better understand the Naxi community's views on the current tourism development. As far as the second topic of this study is concerned, on the travel experience, more understanding can be provided by comparing the comments of domestic and foreign tourists and associating tourism experiences with tourism characteristics.

The starting point of this doctoral research is the observation of the incorporation of objects called "fablab", "hackerspace" or "living lab" in public policies. The increased expansion of these new "places" at the heart or at the margins of public policies is supported by semantics associated with innovation, entrepreneurship, flexibility and creativity. But beyond these rhetorical effects and their fascination, it is demonstrated that these objects of public policies constitute one of the realities of the metropolitan action, under different modalities. This thesis stays away from the laudatory discourses that accompany the emergence of these objects and mainly focuses on the analysis of their relationships to the territory and the dynamics of the urban space. It has to be taken into account that the complexity of these places and their inclusion in an everevolvingpublic policy requires to use the logics of space, specific to geography and planning, and to resort to other disciplines contributions, such as sociology and political science. The investigation articulates different spaces, time periods, and survey methods. A first investigation in France on hackerspaces, fablabs and living labs was followed by a comparative investigation on a European scale (Rennes and Toulouse in France, Ghent in Belgium). The thesis exposes and interprets the promises driven by these places. Tensions are highlighted. One major tension situates these places between inheritance of the counterculture, process of normalisation and "recovery". These tensions represent the main thread of the thesis: they run through the insertion of places of experimentation and digital manufacturing in a context of changes, inherent to contemporary cities. Based on notions such as "social world", "common" and "urban commons", the thesis also sheds lights on the social dynamics of these places. Partly dismantling the enthusiastic representations regarding fablabs,hackerspaces and living labs, the thesis puts their scope in perspective in terms of integration and openness, as well as their role in the transformation of local urban policies. ; Cette thèse part du constat de l'incorporation d'objets appelés « fablab », « hackerspace » ou « living lab » dans les politiques publiques. Le déploiement démultiplié de ces nouveaux « lieux » au coeur ou aux marges de l'action publique des collectivités, s'accompagne d'une sémantique associant l'innovation, l'entrepreneuriat, la flexibilité et la créativité. Cette thèse démontre qu'au-delà de ces effets rhétoriques et de la fascination qu'ils exercent (mais qui s'explique), ces objets de politiques publiques constituent une des réalités de l'action métropolitaine, sous différents registres et modalités. En se distançant des discours laudatifs qui accompagnent leur émergence, la thèse fait de l'analyse de leurs rapports au territoire et de leurs prises avec les dynamiques de l'espace urbain son objet central. La prise en compte de la complexité de l'objet de recherche et de son inscription dans une action publique en constant changement impose de s'intéresser auxlogiques de l'espace propres à la géographie et l'aménagement et de recourir aux apports d'autres disciplines, telles que la sociologie et la science politique. L'enquête articule des espaces, des temps et des méthodes d'enquête différentes. À une première enquête en France portant sur les hackerspaces, les fablabs et les living labs succède une enquête comparative à l'échelle européenne (Rennes et Toulouse en France, Gand en Belgique). La thèse expose et décrypte les promesses portées par ces lieux. Des tensions sont mises en évidence, l'une, majeure, les situant entre héritage de la contre-culture, processus de normalisation et de « récupération ». Ces tensions constituent les fils directeurs de la thèse : elles traversent l'inscription des dispositifs d'expérimentation et de fabrication numérique dans un contexte de mutations spécifiques aux villes contemporaines. La thèse éclaire également, en s'appuyant sur les notions de « monde social », de « communs » et de « communs urbains », leurs dynamiques sociales. Démontant en partie les représentationsenthousiastes dont fablabs, hackerspaces et living labs restent majoritairement l'objet, la thèse relativise leur portée en termes d'intégration et d'ouverture, autant que leur rôle dans la transformation des politiques urbaines locales.

Данная работа состоит из трех смысловых блоков. Первый блок включает анализ понятийного ряда: реиндустриализация, модернизация и новая индустриализация в контексте мировой научной повестки, анализируется российский опыт реиндустриализации и новой индустриализации. Здесь же обосновывается выбор конкретного объекта исследования в контексте поставленных задач. Во втором блоке обобщается история формирования софтверной индустрии Индии, а в третьем – Израиля как успешных примеров создания новой индустрии цифровой экономики. По каждому из рассмотренных кейсов сделана попытка систематизации опыта реализации экономической политики поддержки современных отраслей экономики (новой индустриализации) в Индии и Израиле как центров производства программных продуктов, включенных в цепочки добавленной стоимости по всему миру и интерпретации этого опыта в приложении к российским реалиям. Выделены возможные стратегии новой индустриализации в сегменте цифровой экономики на примере софтверной индустрии. Актуальность работы обоснована особенностями развития индустрии разработки программного обеспечения в России. В качестве исследовательской проблемы поставлен вопрос, почему объективно благоприятные условия для развития софтверной индустрии в России не нашли своего адекватного отражения в реальных результатах. Приведены примеры реализации относительно успешных политик поддержки отечественного производителя, которые опираются на сильные стороны национальных экономик в Индии и Израиле. Дан анализ тенденций развития реиндустриализации, модернизации и стратегий технологического обновления. Рассмотрены типичные бизнес-модели инновационного предпринимательства, дана оценка их успешности на кейсах Индии и Израиля. На примере динамики развития софтверной индустрии Индии показано, что не всегда успешное развитие индустрии дает соответствующий эффект для национальной экономики. На примере развития софтверной индустрии Израиля выделены реальные механизмы конвертации опыта финансирования военно-промышленного комплекса, стимулирующие гражданские отрасли национальной экономики. Кроме того, отмечено, что израильские компании по разработке программного обеспечения в реальности часто продолжают развиваться уже как чисто американские компании. Для России был сделан вывод, что успешное развитие новой индустриализации возможно только при условии адекватной оценки потенциала страны, рисков и угроз, формирования институциональной среды поддержки для создания новых отраслей индустрии. ; This article consists of three semantic blocks. The first block includes the analysis of a number of concepts: reindustrialization, modernization, and new industrialization – and analyzes the Russian experience of reindustrialization new industrialization in the context of the world scientific agenda. In addition, the authors explain the choice of this specific object of research according to the set tasks in this section. The second and third blocks summarize the history of the software industry in India and Israel, respectively, as successful examples of a new digital economy industry. For each of the cases considered, the authors systematize their experience of implementing economic policy to support modern sectors of the economy (new industrialization) as the centers for the global software production. Then, the authors interpret this experience in accordance with the Russian realities, highlighting possible strategies of new industrialization in digital economy, in particular – the software industry. The relevance of this work lies in the peculiarities of the software development industry in Russia. The authors ask the research question: why the real results have not adequately reflected the objectively favorable conditions for the development of the Russian software industry. This article provides examples of implementing relatively successful policies to support Russian producers, which rely on India's and Israel's successes. The authors trace common trends in the development of reindustrialization, modernization, and technological renewal strategies; study typical business models of innovative entrepreneurship; and assess their success in India and Israel. The former case shows that an industry's successful development does not always result in such effect for the national economy. The example of Israel highlights real mechanisms for converting the experience of financing the militaryindustrial complex, stimulating the civil sectors of the national economy. In addition, the Israeli software development companies in reality often continue to develop as a purely American company. The authors conclude that for Russia, the successful development of new industrialization is possible only with an adequate assessment of the country's potential, risks, and threats, as well as the formation of an institutional support environment for creating new industries.

The starting point of this doctoral research is the observation of the incorporation of objects called "fablab", "hackerspace" or "living lab" in public policies. The increased expansion of these new "places" at the heart or at the margins of public policies is supported by semantics associated with innovation, entrepreneurship, flexibility and creativity. But beyond these rhetorical effects and their fascination, it is demonstrated that these objects of public policies constitute one of the realities of the metropolitan action, under different modalities. This thesis stays away from the laudatory discourses that accompany the emergence of these objects and mainly focuses on the analysis of their relationships to the territory and the dynamics of the urban space. It has to be taken into account that the complexity of these places and their inclusion in an everevolvingpublic policy requires to use the logics of space, specific to geography and planning, and to resort to other disciplines contributions, such as sociology and political science. The investigation articulates different spaces, time periods, and survey methods. A first investigation in France on hackerspaces, fablabs and living labs was followed by a comparative investigation on a European scale (Rennes and Toulouse in France, Ghent in Belgium). The thesis exposes and interprets the promises driven by these places. Tensions are highlighted. One major tension situates these places between inheritance of the counterculture, process of normalisation and "recovery". These tensions represent the main thread of the thesis: they run through the insertion of places of experimentation and digital manufacturing in a context of changes, inherent to contemporary cities. Based on notions such as "social world", "common" and "urban commons", the thesis also sheds lights on the social dynamics of these places. Partly dismantling the enthusiastic representations regarding fablabs,hackerspaces and living labs, the thesis puts their scope in perspective in terms of integration and openness, as well as their role in the transformation of local urban policies. ; Cette thèse part du constat de l'incorporation d'objets appelés « fablab », « hackerspace » ou « living lab » dans les politiques publiques. Le déploiement démultiplié de ces nouveaux « lieux » au coeur ou aux marges de l'action publique des collectivités, s'accompagne d'une sémantique associant l'innovation, l'entrepreneuriat, la flexibilité et la créativité. Cette thèse démontre qu'au-delà de ces effets rhétoriques et de la fascination qu'ils exercent (mais qui s'explique), ces objets de politiques publiques constituent une des réalités de l'action métropolitaine, sous différents registres et modalités. En se distançant des discours laudatifs qui accompagnent leur émergence, la thèse fait de l'analyse de leurs rapports au territoire et de leurs prises avec les dynamiques de l'espace urbain son objet central. La prise en compte de la complexité de l'objet de recherche et de son inscription dans une action publique en constant changement impose de s'intéresser auxlogiques de l'espace propres à la géographie et l'aménagement et de recourir aux apports d'autres disciplines, telles que la sociologie et la science politique. L'enquête articule des espaces, des temps et des méthodes d'enquête différentes. À une première enquête en France portant sur les hackerspaces, les fablabs et les living labs succède une enquête comparative à l'échelle européenne (Rennes et Toulouse en France, Gand en Belgique). La thèse expose et décrypte les promesses portées par ces lieux. Des tensions sont mises en évidence, l'une, majeure, les situant entre héritage de la contre-culture, processus de normalisation et de « récupération ». Ces tensions constituent les fils directeurs de la thèse : elles traversent l'inscription des dispositifs d'expérimentation et de fabrication numérique dans un contexte de mutations spécifiques aux villes contemporaines. La thèse éclaire également, en s'appuyant sur les notions de « monde social », de « communs » et de « communs urbains », leurs dynamiques sociales. Démontant en partie les représentationsenthousiastes dont fablabs, hackerspaces et living labs restent majoritairement l'objet, la thèse relativise leur portée en termes d'intégration et d'ouverture, autant que leur rôle dans la transformation des politiques urbaines locales.

The article describes the economic situation of business development in Ukraine, revealed the factors that create obstacles to private sector development. The article argued the need of reformatting the state policy with the release of small businesses, as equal entities, given the above, it is proposed to change the approach to the formation of the provisions of the Development Strategy, highlighting separately as an object - small business. The means and mechanism of organizational and economic provision and regulation by the state are considered, the role and importance of deregulation are separately defined. Separately paid attention to assessing the impact of the fixed assets of the state on the development of small business, including legislatively fixed: providing investment, tax and other benefits, the provision of subsidies, compensation, targeted innovation and subsidies. Based on the analysis, the expediency of legislative complementation of the main means of state influence on the development of small business by "lending" and "business insurance" was suggested and argued, among which "microcredits" are separately singled out.In the article, the institutional environment for small entrepreneurship in Ukraine has been developed and proposed, namely the classification of these in three groups, thus dividing the entire set of public authorities and organizations that create a mechanism for implementing state policy in the small business by organizational economic powers, functions and competence.Identified significant shortcomings of enterprise development strategies, the ways of eliminating the absence of the distribution of powers in accordance with the competence of the authorized bodies, analyzed the "fatal" error under union coordination, implementation, and analysis of the implementation of the strategy by one government agency. Ways of improving and modernizing the powers and competence of the state authorities, legal mechanisms for the implementation of public policy, it is proposed to create a State Committee of Small Business and Regulatory Policy, would perform the function of the working body, providing high-quality implementation of the plan and the strategy of development of small business in the country. The creation of the Insurance Fund for Organizations and Associations was proposed, and proposals for changes to lending were put forward. ; Рассматривается экономическое положение развития предпринимательства в Украине, выявлены факторы, препятствующие развитию частного сектора. В статье аргументированно необходимость переформатирования политики государства с выделением субъектов малого предпринимательства как равноправных субъектов хозяйствования. Учитывая вышесказанное, предложено изменить подход к формированию положений Стратегии развития, отдельно выделив в качестве объекта малое предпринимательство. Рассмотрены средства и механизм организационно-хозяйственного обеспечения и регулирования государством, отдельно определены роль и значение дерегуляции. Выявлены существенные недостатки Стратегии развития предпринимательства, предложены пути устранения отсутствии распределения полномочий в соответствии с компетенцией уполномоченных органов, проанализировано «роковую» ошибку относительно координации, реализации и анализа выполнения стратегии одним государственным органом. Сформулированы пути совершенствования и модернизации полномочий и компетенции органов государственной власти, правовых механизмов реализации государственной политики, предложено создать Государственный комитет малого предпринимательства и регуляторной политики, который выполнял бы функцию рабочего органа, обеспечивая качественную реализацию плана и стратегии развития малого предпринимательства в стране. Предложено создание Фонда страхования организаций и ассоциаций и выдвинуты предложения по изменениям к кредитованию. ; Розглянуто економічне становище розвитку підприємництва в Україні, виявлено фактори, що створюють перешкоди для розвитку приватного сектору. Аргументовано необхідність переформатування політики держави з виокремленням суб'єктів малого підприємництва як рівноправних суб'єктів господарювання; з огляду на це запропоновано змінити підхід до формування положень Стратегії розвитку, окремо виділивши як об'єкт мале підприємництво. Розглянуто засоби та механізм організаційно-господарського забезпечення та регулювання державою, окремо визначено роль і значення дерегуляції. Виявлено суттєві недоліки Стратегії розвитку підприємництва, запропоновано шляхи усунення відсутності розподілення повноважень відповідно до компетенції уповноважених органів, проаналізовано «фатальну» помилку щодо поєднання координації, реалізації та аналізу виконання стратегії за одним державним органом. Показано шляхи удосконалення й модернізації повноважень та компетенції органів державної влади, правових механізмів реалізації державної політики, запропоновано створити Державний комітет малого підприємництва та регуляторної політики, що виконував би функцію робочого органу, забезпечуючи якісну реалізацію плану та стратегії розвитку малого підприємництва в країні. Запропоновано створення Фонду страхування організацій та асоціацій, сформульовано пропозиції щодо змін до кредитування.

The article describes the economic situation of business development in Ukraine, revealed the factors that create obstacles to private sector development. The article argued the need of reformatting the state policy with the release of small businesses, as equal entities, given the above, it is proposed to change the approach to the formation of the provisions of the Development Strategy, highlighting separately as an object - small business. The means and mechanism of organizational and economic provision and regulation by the state are considered, the role and importance of deregulation are separately defined. Separately paid attention to assessing the impact of the fixed assets of the state on the development of small business, including legislatively fixed: providing investment, tax and other benefits, the provision of subsidies, compensation, targeted innovation and subsidies. Based on the analysis, the expediency of legislative complementation of the main means of state influence on the development of small business by "lending" and "business insurance" was suggested and argued, among which "microcredits" are separately singled out.In the article, the institutional environment for small entrepreneurship in Ukraine has been developed and proposed, namely the classification of these in three groups, thus dividing the entire set of public authorities and organizations that create a mechanism for implementing state policy in the small business by organizational economic powers, functions and competence.Identified significant shortcomings of enterprise development strategies, the ways of eliminating the absence of the distribution of powers in accordance with the competence of the authorized bodies, analyzed the "fatal" error under union coordination, implementation, and analysis of the implementation of the strategy by one government agency. Ways of improving and modernizing the powers and competence of the state authorities, legal mechanisms for the implementation of public policy, it is proposed to create a State Committee of Small Business and Regulatory Policy, would perform the function of the working body, providing high-quality implementation of the plan and the strategy of development of small business in the country. The creation of the Insurance Fund for Organizations and Associations was proposed, and proposals for changes to lending were put forward. ; Рассматривается экономическое положение развития предпринимательства в Украине, выявлены факторы, препятствующие развитию частного сектора. В статье аргументированно необходимость переформатирования политики государства с выделением субъектов малого предпринимательства как равноправных субъектов хозяйствования. Учитывая вышесказанное, предложено изменить подход к формированию положений Стратегии развития, отдельно выделив в качестве объекта малое предпринимательство. Рассмотрены средства и механизм организационно-хозяйственного обеспечения и регулирования государством, отдельно определены роль и значение дерегуляции. Выявлены существенные недостатки Стратегии развития предпринимательства, предложены пути устранения отсутствии распределения полномочий в соответствии с компетенцией уполномоченных органов, проанализировано «роковую» ошибку относительно координации, реализации и анализа выполнения стратегии одним государственным органом. Сформулированы пути совершенствования и модернизации полномочий и компетенции органов государственной власти, правовых механизмов реализации государственной политики, предложено создать Государственный комитет малого предпринимательства и регуляторной политики, который выполнял бы функцию рабочего органа, обеспечивая качественную реализацию плана и стратегии развития малого предпринимательства в стране. Предложено создание Фонда страхования организаций и ассоциаций и выдвинуты предложения по изменениям к кредитованию. ; Розглянуто економічне становище розвитку підприємництва в Україні, виявлено фактори, що створюють перешкоди для розвитку приватного сектору. Аргументовано необхідність переформатування політики держави з виокремленням суб'єктів малого підприємництва як рівноправних суб'єктів господарювання; з огляду на це запропоновано змінити підхід до формування положень Стратегії розвитку, окремо виділивши як об'єкт мале підприємництво. Розглянуто засоби та механізм організаційно-господарського забезпечення та регулювання державою, окремо визначено роль і значення дерегуляції. Виявлено суттєві недоліки Стратегії розвитку підприємництва, запропоновано шляхи усунення відсутності розподілення повноважень відповідно до компетенції уповноважених органів, проаналізовано «фатальну» помилку щодо поєднання координації, реалізації та аналізу виконання стратегії за одним державним органом. Показано шляхи удосконалення й модернізації повноважень та компетенції органів державної влади, правових механізмів реалізації державної політики, запропоновано створити Державний комітет малого підприємництва та регуляторної політики, що виконував би функцію робочого органу, забезпечуючи якісну реалізацію плану та стратегії розвитку малого підприємництва в країні. Запропоновано створення Фонду страхування організацій та асоціацій, сформульовано пропозиції щодо змін до кредитування.

The article discusses the development of green tourism in rural areas. This type of holiday is the most democratic pricing. Tourists are attracted convenient settlements, current private pensions, closeness to nature, the ratio of price / quality, hospitality and homely atmosphere with recreation. As a result of studies found that in Ukraine rural green tourism in the initial stages of its formation and development, and entrepreneurship in this area still belongs to risky activities. A role in the functioning and development of green tourism plays Union to promote rural green tourism in Ukraine. The article shows that the Union for Promotion of Rural Green Tourism in Ukraine approved the program of voluntary categorization in green tourism «Ukrainian hospitable mansion». The paper shows that the proposed sign «Ukrainian hospitable mansion» is assigned ahrooseli reports of potential consumers of services of appropriate quality housing and service levels and enables farmers to set fee. This sign is given by the Union to promote rural green tourism and can be used as a marketing tool. In the analyzed statistics on rural green tourism is noted that in the Volyn region, where the Shatsky Lakes, which is the main place of summer vacation, 2751 provided services to tourists, and nine ahroosel Cherkasy region visited only 289 tourists. In 2015, the undisputed leader in the provision of services of green tourism remains Ivano-Frankivsk region, which visited – 16.903 tourists. In Bukovina village has 75 private estates, are engaged in eco-tourism. Their number has increased compared to the year 2015 mynulym – 26 units. However, in Ukraine in 2015 compared to 2013 the number of businesses in this area decreased by 52 ahrooseli, including by entities that are located in the annexed Crimea. In some areas, particularly Zaporozhye, Odessa, Kharkiv and Kherson, ahrooseli ceased operations (including – 6 estates), that these areas, according to official statistics, disappeared from the map of green tourism in Ukraine. In sex shows that foreign leaders to implement green tourism services are France and Spain, where rural tourism has emerged in highly profitable and lucrative sector of the economy and reached the level of international economic specialization. In sex also revealed that the market of services of green tourism in Ukraine has a number of shortcomings to be addressed in the near future if Ukraine plans to further European integration. ; В статье рассмотрены вопросы развития сельского зеленого туризма на селе. Этот вид отдыха имеет демократическую ценовую политику. В результате исследований установлено, что в Украине сельский зеленый туризм находится на начальной стадии своего становления и развития, а предпринимательство в этой сфере все еще относится к рискованным видам деятельности. Определенную роль в функционировании и развитии сельского зеленого туризма играет Союз содействия развитию сельского зеленого туризма в Украине. В статье показано, что за рубежом лидерами по реализации услуг сельского зеленого туризма является Франция и Испания, где сельский туризм уже сформировался в высокорентабельную и прибыльную отрасль экономики и вышел на уровень международной экономической специализации. В статье также раскрывается, что рынок услуг зеленого туризма в Украине имеет ряд недостатков, которые предстоит решать в ближайшее время, если Украина планирует дальнейшую евроинтеграцию. ; У статті розглянуто питання розвитку сільського зеленого туризму на селі. Цей вид відпочинку має найдемократичнішу цінову політику. В результаті досліджень встановлено, що в Україні сільський зелений туризм перебуває на початковій стадії свого становлення і розвитку, а підприємництво у цій сфері все ще належить до ризикованих видів діяльності. Певну роль у функціонуванні та розвитку сільського зеленого туризму відіграє Спілка сприяння розвитку сільського зеленого туризму в Україні. В статі показано, що за кордоном лідерами щодо реалізації послуг сільського зеленого туризму є Франція та Іспанія, де сільський туризм вже сформувався у високорентабельну та прибуткову галузь економіки та вийшов на рівень міжнародної економічної спеціалізації. В статті також розкривається, що ринок послуг зеленого туризму в Україні має низку недоліків, які доведеться вирішувати вже найближчим часом, якщо Україна планує подальшу євроінтеграцію.

This study analyses the situation of ethnic minorities in Lithuania with a particular focus on a region of South-Eastern Lithuania densely populated by ethnic minorities. Based on findings, the strategy 2018-2027 for policy on ethnic minorities is developed and an implementation mechanism described. Along with the mechanism scheme, the study offers an evaluation methodology with specific progress indicators. The international law defines an ethnic minority or an ethnic community as a group living in a state, which constitutes less than a half of the state's total population and differs from the majority by objective and subjective features such as language, religion, customs, culture etc. Many states use these characteristics to distinguish ethnic minorities in their national legislation. The Constitution of Lithuania guarantees ethnic minorities' rights to cherish their language, culture and traditions. The country has signed conventions for protection of rights of ethnic minorities and integrated its international commitments to the national law. Ethnic minorities in Lithuania have an opportunity to acquire education in their native tongue from a pre-school to a higher school; laws stipulate their freedom of expression, media, assembly, and association. It sums up in a generally good situation for ethnic minorities in Lithuania. However, a part of Russian-language media in Lithuania forms a sceptical attitude towards Lithuania, there is seen a favourability and priority for Russian's official position. As well as some media outlets of ethnic minorities have no capacity to facilitate advanced training for their journalists or editors by participating in educational sessions. Notably, quality media play a role of particular importance in outbalancing hostile propaganda and misinformation in current geopolitical situation by spreading impartial information. Therefore, Lithuanian media targeting ethnic minorities should be supported by implementing media literacy and propaganda immunity initiatives. Situated around the capital city which is the economic core of the country, the South-Eastern region could be the most economically developed part of the country according to global and EU trends. Yet, the analysis of the region indicates that it fares below the country's average by indicators such as foreign direct investments, entrepreneurship, unemployment, and average wage, especially in e.g. Šalčininkai district. The region is badly in need of more active government's engagement in its development. With these aspects and challenges taken into consideration, the proposed strategy 2018–2027 for policy on ethnic minorities includes following objectives:  to improve the informational environment of the ethnic minorities and reinforce their media;  to improve representation of ethnic minorities' interests;  to promote the social and economic development of the region of South-Eastern Lithuania;  to boost South-Eastern Lithuania's competitiveness through education and culture;  to strengthen community development in South-Eastern Lithuania. Implementation of each objective includes specific tasks. Importantly, objectives proposed for South-Eastern Lithuania are also suitable for other regions with numerous ethnic minority populations and for the entire country to enable well-balanced and sustainable development of all regions. The implementation thus does not need to be restricted to the South-Eastern region. The Department of Ethnic Minorities, the Ministries of Interior, Economy, Education and Science, and Culture, municipalities of Vilnius, Trakai, Šalčininkai and Švenčionys districts, NGOs, and other entities and individuals shall contribute to the implementation of the Strategy. The Strategy's objectives and tasks shall be implemented in the framework of the National Progress Programme, the Development Plan for Vilnius Region and other mid-term planning documents. The Department of Ethnic Minorities shall coordinate the implementation. If properly implemented, the aspiration of the Strategy is to make a decade-long contribution to resolving issues of regions with large ethnic minority populations and encouraging the social and economic development of these regions by ensuring ethnic minorities' better integration into the social, economic and cultural life of Lithuania and, at the same time, preserving their identities.

The article provides scientific substantiation of conceptual approaches to the formation of the policy of ecological and economic development of Ukraine and identifies the priority measures in this area. Classification of possible types of policy has been carried out according to different conceptual features: depending on the environment, it is a reformist, situational, and conservative one; depending on the ideological basis - socio-democratic, liberal, conservative, nationalistic, pragmatic; depending on the experience of other states - integration, mixed, autonomous; depending on the nature of the application of state regulation mechanisms - restrictive, stimulating, restraining, permitting, mobilizing, reproductive, and combining; depending on the mandatory implementation of managerial decisions - policy, recommendation, hidden; Depending on the timing of the implementation of the mechanisms - planned (strategic, preventive), situational (actuarial, stabilization).For Ukraine, the necessity of realization of the policy of ecological and economic development of the reformist-situational, nationalist, integration, combination, hidden, creating conditions for market self-regulation, regional type is grounded. An overview of the main software and strategic regulatory documents of Ukraine in the field of ecological and economic development was carried out, which led to the conclusion about the high level of their formalism through the coverage of an excessive number of problematic issues for which there is no political will to resolve. The urgency of the Strategy of ecological and economic development of Ukraine, the basic conditions for successful implementation of which should be demonopolization of the natural resources market, promotion of ecological marketing with the purpose of formation of ecologically oriented demand and satisfaction of corresponding needs, target ecological and economic development on the limited spatial scales is substantiated.The ways of ensuring ecological and economic development of Ukraine from the point of view of solving acute problems, implementation of managerial and market innovations are offered. Management innovations include institutional and resource innovations, and the institutional arrangements foresee a desirable reorganization of the existing Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the creation of the Ministry of Ecological and Economic Development of Ukraine, decentralization of regulation of ecological and economic development, state deregulation (strengthening the role of environmental business and the public). Market innovations include the development of the market for natural resources, the development of the market for emissions trading, structural changes in favor of environmentally-oriented economic activities and the further development of the ecological economy. Focusing on the structural approach, the priorities of ecological and economic development of Ukraine are formulated in terms of components of natural resource potential.The adoption and implementation of the Strategy for the Ecological and Economic Development of Ukraine, which does not set out to cover most of the problems and directions, is urgent, but focuses on those issues that require priority resolution and support. Otherwise, further adoption of strategic and programmatic standards will be characterized by high formalism, and the natural resource potential of Ukraine will serve as a means of further capital accumulation by individual business-oligarchic groups. There are great hopes for pressure from EU governing bodies, as well as public control of Ukrainian society. It is also necessary to take into account the opportunities of the entrepreneurial environment, which in Ukraine is in specific conditions. Able to adapt to the negative influences of power structures, domestic entrepreneurship can become the focal point for the production and implementation of environmental innovations. Therefore, the process of establishing an ecological economy with the strengthening of the influence of market mechanisms can become one of the ways to solve many problems of the ecological and economic development of Ukraine. ; У статті здійснено класифікацію можливих типів політики з різних концептуальних ознак і виділені найбільш прийнятні для України в сфері еколого-економічного розвитку. Запропоновано шляхи забезпечення еколого-економічного розвитку України з точки зору вирішення гострих проблем, здійснення управлінських і ринкових інновацій. Сформульовано пріоритети еколого-економічного розвитку України в розрізі складових природно-ресурсного потенціалу.

This study analyses the situation of ethnic minorities in Lithuania with a particular focus on a region of South-Eastern Lithuania densely populated by ethnic minorities. Based on findings, the strategy 2018-2027 for policy on ethnic minorities is developed and an implementation mechanism described. Along with the mechanism scheme, the study offers an evaluation methodology with specific progress indicators. The international law defines an ethnic minority or an ethnic community as a group living in a state, which constitutes less than a half of the state's total population and differs from the majority by objective and subjective features such as language, religion, customs, culture etc. Many states use these characteristics to distinguish ethnic minorities in their national legislation. The Constitution of Lithuania guarantees ethnic minorities' rights to cherish their language, culture and traditions. The country has signed conventions for protection of rights of ethnic minorities and integrated its international commitments to the national law. Ethnic minorities in Lithuania have an opportunity to acquire education in their native tongue from a pre-school to a higher school; laws stipulate their freedom of expression, media, assembly, and association. It sums up in a generally good situation for ethnic minorities in Lithuania. However, a part of Russian-language media in Lithuania forms a sceptical attitude towards Lithuania, there is seen a favourability and priority for Russian's official position. As well as some media outlets of ethnic minorities have no capacity to facilitate advanced training for their journalists or editors by participating in educational sessions. Notably, quality media play a role of particular importance in outbalancing hostile propaganda and misinformation in current geopolitical situation by spreading impartial information. Therefore, Lithuanian media targeting ethnic minorities should be supported by implementing media literacy and propaganda immunity initiatives. Situated around the capital city which is the economic core of the country, the South-Eastern region could be the most economically developed part of the country according to global and EU trends. Yet, the analysis of the region indicates that it fares below the country's average by indicators such as foreign direct investments, entrepreneurship, unemployment, and average wage, especially in e.g. Šalčininkai district. The region is badly in need of more active government's engagement in its development. With these aspects and challenges taken into consideration, the proposed strategy 2018–2027 for policy on ethnic minorities includes following objectives:  to improve the informational environment of the ethnic minorities and reinforce their media;  to improve representation of ethnic minorities' interests;  to promote the social and economic development of the region of South-Eastern Lithuania;  to boost South-Eastern Lithuania's competitiveness through education and culture;  to strengthen community development in South-Eastern Lithuania. Implementation of each objective includes specific tasks. Importantly, objectives proposed for South-Eastern Lithuania are also suitable for other regions with numerous ethnic minority populations and for the entire country to enable well-balanced and sustainable development of all regions. The implementation thus does not need to be restricted to the South-Eastern region. The Department of Ethnic Minorities, the Ministries of Interior, Economy, Education and Science, and Culture, municipalities of Vilnius, Trakai, Šalčininkai and Švenčionys districts, NGOs, and other entities and individuals shall contribute to the implementation of the Strategy. The Strategy's objectives and tasks shall be implemented in the framework of the National Progress Programme, the Development Plan for Vilnius Region and other mid-term planning documents. The Department of Ethnic Minorities shall coordinate the implementation. If properly implemented, the aspiration of the Strategy is to make a decade-long contribution to resolving issues of regions with large ethnic minority populations and encouraging the social and economic development of these regions by ensuring ethnic minorities' better integration into the social, economic and cultural life of Lithuania and, at the same time, preserving their identities.