Suchergebnisse

Este artigo pretende analisar a relação que Herbert Marcuse estabelece, em Ideologia da Sociedade Industrial, entre lógica formal e dominação. Dentro da filosofia clássica grega, o autor aponta para a tendência transcendental e subversiva da dialética platônica, em oposição à lógica formal aristotélica, que, por meio de julgamentos formais sobre a realidade, procura antecipar os critérios de verdade e falsidade. Essa antecipação ganha status de controle, pois nega qualquer possibilidade de transcendência do momento positivo – o que, levado para uma análise política da sociedade industrial avançada, dá à dominação uma legitimação lógica. A ciência não fica imune a esse processo, sendo também uma garantia de manutenção política de um mundo não-livre

For the NC Board of Science & Technology, some of the problems of the granting activities of the National Science Foundation, which it emulates, were seen in the board's first 6 years of operation, 1963-1969: a geographical bias in granting, favoritism of major institutions, & a bias toward the support of basic "pure" research. Not only did 2 out of 3 grant proposals originate from institutions in the small "triangle area" (Raleigh, Durham, & Chapel Hill), but almost 3 of every 4 grants are made to the major institutions there (North Carolina State, Duke, & U of North Carolina), accounting for 9 out of 10 dollars granted to the entire state. Of the Board's total first 6 year grants of $2,253,228, almost 66.2% was allocated for research purposes, overwhelmingly to educational institutions. The Board's grants resulted in 84 federal grants to the state ("leverage") bringing in additional funds ($8,851,903) amounting to over 90% of outside funding. The Board grants were seen, along with the decision process surrounding them, as integral parts of the political process, particularly the patronage process which has been closely linked traditionally to roads & post office grants. A postscript notes that from 1970-1971 the trend in centralization of grants as described above by the Board has been reversed, again reflecting the trendsetting of the emulated National Science Foundation. 7 Tables. G. Schmeling.

This paper examines the role played by pumps as a technology of water access. In the desert that borders Egypt's cultivated zone, pumps provide the water vital for reclamation, transforming desert into fields. Using two case studies of agricultural expansion into the desert margins, the paper explores the different ways in which farmers employ pumps to tap into the waters of the Nile. The pump is, as other scholars of science and technology studies have demonstrated, a prototypical nonhuman actor. Yet I argue that we cannot see the pump in isolation, but have to look at the passage of water through the pump and the interaction between multiple pumps in the landscape. Pumps rework the flow of water, redistributing the possibilities of agricultural production. At the same time, the flow of water in one direction shapes the possibilities for pumping in another. As some farmers pump water to irrigate the desert, they divert water away from others. As new fields emerge, old fields are rendered unproductive, generating new points of tension, resistance, and inequality within and between communities. The paper demonstrates, therefore, how situating an artifact in its material context brings to light new relations between that technology and the society that it both shapes and is shaped by.

This book looks at the history of alternative energy including solar and wind power. In it the author explores both the forgotten history and the visionary future of America's green technology inventors. Few today realize that electric cabs dominated Manhattan's streets in the 1890s; that solar water heating boomed in California before the first World War, that Boise, Idaho, had a geothermal heating system in 1910; or that the first megawatt turbine in the world was built in 1941 by the son of publishing magnate G.P. Putnam, a feat that would not be duplicated for another forty years. Likewise, while many remember the oil embargo of the 1970s, few are aware that it led to a corresponding explosion in green technology research that was only derailed when energy prices later dropped. In other words: we have been here before. Although we may have failed, America has long had the chance to put our world on a more sustainable path. Americans have, in fact, been inventing green for more than a century. Half compendium of lost opportunities, half hopeful look toward the future, this book tells the stories of the brilliant, often irascible inventors who foresaw our current problems, tried to invent cheap and energy renewable solutions, and drew the blueprint for a green future. -- From book jacket and publisher

Results of a survey on the international teaching of human rights within the discipline of political science on the university level.