Suchergebnisse

The United Nations faces an existential crisis. The norms that bind and 'safeguard humanity' are currently under threat. The deliberate bombing of hospitals and the indiscriminate killing of civilians has become almost routine in Syria and several other conflicts. Numerous governments and murderous non-state actors (like isis or Boko Haram) are defying international humanitarian and human rights law. This article argues that the solution to the current global exigency and a central challenge facing the next Secretary-General is to achieve an equilibrium shift away from crisis response and towards conflict prevention. This is especially true with regard to preventing mass atrocity crimes (genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing). Historically, no single issue has done more to tarnish the reputation of the un than the failure to halt atrocities. Under a committed Secretary-General, the un has unique capacity to prevent these crimes.

AbstractAn increasing number of immigrants have become entrepreneurial and many governments expect or hope that the ongoing rise of ethnic entrepreneurship will contribute significantly to the integration of immigrants, to their upward mobility, and to the economic development of the city of residence. In this article we explore the rules, regulations and policy interventions that shape self‐employment trajectories in general and those of immigrant ethnic minorities in particular. The article is based on a general inventory of measures to promote ethnic entrepreneurship in 32 European countries, and a somewhat deeper inventory of policies and interventions in 28 European cities. We came across all kinds of measures and interventions and identified certain patterns, but the most striking finding was that such explicit measures and interventions were actually thin on the ground. We conclude this article with a discussion of the structural determinants of this outcome.

ABSTRACTLocal governments need to increase capital investment in fixed assets, such as: equipments,buildings, infrastructures, and other fixed assets. Capital expenditure allocation was based on thelocal needs for facilities and infrastructure. The higher level of capital investment expected to improvethe quality of public services, because the fixed assets due to capital expenditure is a key for theimplementation of governmental duties and provides services to the public.This study was aimed at analyzing the corelations of local own revenues, general allocationfunds, and specific allocation funds with capital expenditures at Tolitoli Regency in Central SulawesiProvince. Research design methods is the field research by correlation analysis.Test results showed a lack relationship between local own revenues with capital expendituresby R value was 0,155. Meanwhile the relationship between general allocation funds with capitalexpenditures was 0,981 and special allocation funds with capital expenditures was 0,427. It shows theclose relationship between the two variables with capital expenditures.

Even if intensely used by governments, private companies and NGOs at international level, the "Serious Games" are practically absent of the daily routine of the Ecuadorian media. This study seeks to evaluate the implementation of "Serious Games" in local redactions, despite their cost, production rhythm and the lack of specialized personal in Ecuador, analize their possible uses and in general sensibilize the local journalists, editors and faculty to this new narrative format. ; Aunque son utilizados intensivamente por gobiernos, empresas y ONG a nivel internacional, los "Juegos Serios" ocupan todavía un lugar marginal en el diario vivir de los medios de comunicación ecuatorianos. Este estudio busca evaluar la factibilidad del uso de los "Juegos Serios" en las salas de redacción, analizar sus cualidades narrativas, ritmos de producción, usos recomendados y, en general, sensibilizar los profesionales ecuatorianos a este nuevo formato narrativo.

Special autonomy funds are regulated in Law Number 11 Year 2006 regarding the Government of Aceh basically provides a great opportunity for Aceh to improve the provision of public services and foster economic development in the region . Special autonomy fund is valid for a period of 20 ( twenty ) years , with details for the first year until the fifteenth year in the amount equivalent to 2 % ( two percent ) ceiling National General Allocation Fund and for the sixteenth to the twentieth year the amount equivalent to 1 % ( one percent ) of the National General Allocation Fund ceiling . That requires good financial management arrangements are based on the legal basis for the use of the budget in order to remain accountable for managing them for the sake of people's livelihoods. Creating the Welfare Through Special Autonomy Fund in Aceh in the Perspective of the State Finance Law

The authors bring us a general approximation of the regulatory model related to hydrocarbon exploration and production activities in Spain. In this sense, the analysis is focused in the increased use of the hydraulic fracturing technique, better known as «fracking». In particular, the authors analyze the case of the refusal of some Spanish Autonomous Communities regarding the implementation of this technique and how the Central Government has faced that opposition. ; Los autores nos brindan una aproximación general al modelo regulatorio de las actividades de exploración y producción de hidrocarburos en España. En ese sentido, centran su análisis en el uso, cada vez más extendido, de la técnica de la fractura hidráulica, más conocida como fracking. En particular, analizan el caso de la negativa de algunas Comunidades Autónomas españolas respecto a la implementación de esta técnica y cómo ha afrontado el Gobierno Central dicha oposición.

Socio-economic developments in Zimbabwe over the last few years have had a significant impact on the whole of our society. The contentious and chaotic land redistribution programme of government, a sharp decline in economic output, famine affecting more than half the population and a general deterioration in the standard of living affected all Zimbabweans. It is for good reason that a recent poll listed Zimbabwe as the country with citizens with the most pessimistic outlook in Africa. The developments in Zimbabwe also deeply affected the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC). A diminishing membership as a result of emigration and the general negative economic environment have led to the imminent dissolution (in July 2003) of the DRC Synod of Central Africa and the amalgamation with the synod of Northern Transvaal. This was the first time in the history of the DRC that a regional synod had to be disbanded.

Purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization to economic growth in The Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. The Explanatory variables is local district government's budget in terms of acceptance of revenue, revenue-sharing, the general allocation fund, and special allocation funds to economic growth in the province. The result show fiscal decentralization contributes effect to economic growth. Yet, Each variable point out that foreign-source revenue significant to influence economic growth, revenue-sharing significant effect on economic growth, the general allocation fund a significant effect on economic growth, the special allocation fund doesn't give significant effect on economic growth. This means the implementation of fiscal decentralization has positive influence on economic growth. Thus, the central government may continue in implement fiscal decentralization in a special area of Yogyakarta since the policy could promote economic growth in the region.DOI:10.15408/sjie.v1i1.2593

This paper provides a general overview of the social, environmental, and economical issues related to biofuels and a review of economic modeling of biofuels. The increasing importance of biofuels is driven primarily by government policies since currently available biofuels are generally not economically viable in the absence of fiscal incentives or high oil prices. Also the environmental impacts of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels are quite ambiguous. The literature review of the most recent economic models dealing with biofuels and their economic impacts provides a distinction between structural and reduced form models. The discussion of structural models centers primarily on computable general equilibrium models. The review of reduced models is structured toward the time series analysis approach to the dependencies between prices of biofuels, prices of agricultural commodities used for the biofuel production and prices of the fossil fuels.

Interesa, desde los límites de esta investigación, identificar los principios constitucionales tributarios que deben incorporarse en la reforma fiscal que se ha propuesto el gobierno y los empresarios nicaragüenses. Se efectúa un análisis de los principios tributarios constitucionales, su papel como orientadores y límites al legislador en la creación y tratamiento general de las normas tributarias, además de su innegable importancia como garantía constitucional a los contribuyentes para proveerles la necesaria seguridad jurídica.- - SUMMARY: This research wants to identify the tax constitutional principles to be incorporated into the tax reform that has been proposed by Nicaraguan government and private business sector. Analyses the constitutional principles of taxation, its role as a guide and as boundary to the legislator in the creation and general treatment of the tax rules as a constitutional guarantee to the taxpayers by providing the necessary legal security.

This paper aims to prove that during the transformation process in Poland of the sectors of general economic interests due to specific economic characteristics of those sectors and the fact that interests of three groups participating in the decision making in this process: government, management and employees turned out being non controversial prevented loosing the monopoly status they initially enjoyed. The method used was the analysis of the stages of negotiation illustrated by subsequent documents of official strategies chosen for three sectors: railway, electricity and the final result illustrated by the structure of the market. Preventing the monopoly status permitted those groups seeking the rent, the monopoly status created or even demand that rent in the form of subsidy from the public authorities budgets by the threat of the strike which is the grave threat in the sectors delivering the service of general economic interest. ; Michał Mijal

In this paper we calibrate two static computable general equilibrium (CGE) models with respectively 16 and 5,999 representative households. Aggregated and disaggregated household categories are consistently embedded in a 2000 social accounting matrix for Vietnam, mapping on a one-to-one basis to each other. Distinct differences in poverty assessments emerge when the impact of trade liberalization is analyzed in the two models. This highlights the importance of modeling micro household behavior and related income and expenditure distributions endogenously within a static CGE model framework. Our simulations indicate that poverty will rise following a revenue-neutral lowering of trade taxes. This is interpreted as a worst case scenario, which suggests that government should be proactive in combining trade liberalization measures with a pro-poor fiscal response to avoid increasing poverty in the short to medium term. – poverty ; trade liberalization ; general equilibrium models ; Vietnam

Metadata only record ; Most thinking on poverty and deforestation in developing countries does so in terms of the influence of one on the other, in either direction. However, the two have common determinants in the underlying economic and institutional conditions that set factor and product prices and the incentives for migration and natural resource-depleting activities. These determinants include property rights failures (open access to forest lands) but also government failures in the form of economic policies that indirectly promote deforestation and retard poverty alleviation. A general equilibrium approach permits the analytical identification of the influences that such distortions exert on poverty and deforestation pressures. Using a numerical general equilibrium model, we consider the likely effects of the reform of industrial and agricultural protection policy, a key component of modern Philippine economic development strategy, on the determinants of poverty and deforestation. ; BA-1 (SANREM Research in Southeast Asia)