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AbstractSince the beginning of the Great Recession, the issue of European integration has become increasingly salient in many European polities. The European left has adopted a different stance toward European integration, both in terms of economic and welfare‐state integration. On the one hand, radical left parties (RLPs) have always opposed a process of integration dominated by neoliberal logic; on the other hand, the social democratic parties (SDPs) have appeared as one of the main pro‐EU party families, identifying the EU as a privileged space in which to promote the building of a European social model. In this paper, we propose a binary comparison between RLPs and SDPs in Italy and Spain with a qualitative content analysis methodology. Our results show that albeit the crisis brought SDPs closer to a Eurocritical stance vis‐à‐vis the social‐Europe, this dimension along with the political integration are still dividing issues for the RLPs and SDPs families.

We present the derivation of the two-loop gluon Regge trajectory using Lipatov's high energy effective action and a direct evaluation of Feynman diagrams. Using a gauge invariant regularization of high energy divergences by deforming the light-cone vectors of the effective action, we determine the two-loop self-energy of the reggeized gluon, after computing the master integrals involved using the Mellin-Barnes representations technique. The self-energy is further matched to QCD through a recently proposed subtraction prescription. The Regge trajectory of the gluon is then defined through renormalization of the reggeized gluon propagator with respect to high energy divergences. Our result is in agreement with previous computations in the literature, providing a non-trivial test of the effective action and the proposed subtraction and renormalization framework. ; We thank J. Bartels, V. Fadin and L. Lipatov for constant support for many years. We acknowledge partial support by the Research Executive Agency (REA) of the European Union under the Grant Agreement number PITN-GA-2010-264564 (LHCPhenoNet), the Comunidad de Madrid through Proyecto HEPHACOS ESP-1473, by MICINN (FPA2010-17747), by the Spanish Government and EU ERDF Funds (grants FPA2007-60323, FPA2011-23778 and CSD2007-00042 Consolider Project CPAN) and by GV (PROMETEUII/2013/007). G.C. acknowledges support from Marie Curie Actions (PIEF-GA-2011-298582). M.H. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886 and a "BNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development" grant (LDRD 12-034). ; Peer reviewed

International audience ; Data integration, data analytics and decision support methods can help increase agriculture challenges such as climate change adaptation or food security. In this context, smart data acquisition systems, interoperable information systems and frameworks for data structuring are required. In this chapter we describe methods for data identification and provide some recommendations. We also describe how to enrich data with semantics and a way to tag data with the relevant ontology. We illustrate the proposed approach in a case of high-throughput plant phenotyping.

International audience ; Data integration, data analytics and decision support methods can help increase agriculture challenges such as climate change adaptation or food security. In this context, smart data acquisition systems, interoperable information systems and frameworks for data structuring are required. In this chapter we describe methods for data identification and provide some recommendations. We also describe how to enrich data with semantics and a way to tag data with the relevant ontology. We illustrate the proposed approach in a case of high-throughput plant phenotyping.

International audience ; Data integration, data analytics and decision support methods can help increase agriculture challenges such as climate change adaptation or food security. In this context, smart data acquisition systems, interoperable information systems and frameworks for data structuring are required. In this chapter we describe methods for data identification and provide some recommendations. We also describe how to enrich data with semantics and a way to tag data with the relevant ontology. We illustrate the proposed approach in a case of high-throughput plant phenotyping.

International audience ; Data integration, data analytics and decision support methods can help increase agriculture challenges such as climate change adaptation or food security. In this context, smart data acquisition systems, interoperable information systems and frameworks for data structuring are required. In this chapter we describe methods for data identification and provide some recommendations. We also describe how to enrich data with semantics and a way to tag data with the relevant ontology. We illustrate the proposed approach in a case of high-throughput plant phenotyping.

International audience ; The emergence of Brazil as an important international actor is an accepted fact. In an emerging world order that is trying to produce effective multilateralism, the collaboration between "like-minded" democratic states and other political entities is a necessary though not sufficient pre-condition. This article offers a critical analysis of the impact of Brazil's foreign policy during the Lula and Rousseff presidencies. It argues that especially during Lula's two terms in office, Brazil's ́foreign policy has had a particularly negative impact on the rhetoric of "civilian power Europe". The article concentrates on a number of case studies. The wider interest of this article is that it offers an illustration of how difficult the task of creating a new multilateral world order will be. ; [ES] La emergencia de Brasil como actor internacional importante no cabe más duda. En un nuevo orden mundial basado sobre multilateralismo efectivo, la colaboración entre estados y otros entes democráticos de "ideas afinaes" es una condición necesaria aunque no suficiente. Este artículo presenta un análisis critico del impacto de la política exterior de Brasil bajo las presidencias de Lula y Rousseff sobre la retórica de la "potencia civil europea". El artículo ilustra esto con ejemplos concretos. El interés más general es que presenta también una ilustración de lo complicado que es crear un nuevo orden internacional multilateralista.

With the rapid development of China&rsquo ; s economy, the environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent, especially the PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter smaller than 2.5 &mu ; m) concentrations that have exerted adverse influences on human health. Considering the fact that PM2.5 concentrations are mainly caused by anthropogenic activities, this paper selected economic growth, economic structure, urbanization, and the number of civil vehicles as the primary factors and then explored the nexus between those variables and PM2.5 concentrations by employing a panel data model for 31 Chinese provinces. The estimated model showed that: (1) the coefficients of the variables for provinces located in North, Central, and East China were larger than that of other provinces ; (2) GDP per capita made the largest contribution to PM2.5 concentrations, while the number of civil vehicles made the least contribution ; and (3) the higher the development level of a factor, the greater the contribution it makes to PM2.5 concentrations. It was also found that a bi-directional Granger causal nexus exists between PM2.5 concentrations and economic progress as well as between PM2.5 concentrations and the urbanization process for all provinces. Policy recommendations were finally obtained through empirical discussions, which include that provincial governments should adjust the economic and industrial development patterns, restrict immigration to intensive urban areas, decrease the successful proportion of vehicle licenses, and promote electric vehicles as a substitute to petrol vehicles.

In the period of 2001-2004, several "new parties" won elections in East European countries such as Latvia, Estonia, Bulgaria, & Lithuania. The article explores the reasons for this phenomenon, by analyzing the electoral success as a dependent variable from an institutional, party-centered, structural, & voter perspective; & as an independent variable exploring the consequences of the actual policies pursued. Results indicate that institutional factors had no impact, while institutional factors had a mixed effect. While election of new parties seems to take place during phases of economical growth, it still seems to characterize the poorest countries, where new alternatives are more after-sought. There was also a strong correlation between presence of corruption & election of new parties. References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract
Existing research shows that economic coercion successfully influences targeted states' behavior 38 percent of the time. This article integrates research on economic sanctions and foreign aid by assessing the relative effectiveness of two types of economic coercion: economic sanctions and foreign aid suspensions. It argues that suspending aid is more effective than adopting economic sanctions because (1) aid suspensions are economically beneficial for the adopting state, while sanctions are costly, (2) aid suspensions directly affect the targeted government's budget, (3) market forces undermine sanctions but not aid suspensions, and (4) aid suspensions are less likely to spark adverse behavioral reactions. A quantitative analysis estimates the success rate of imposed aid suspensions to be 44 percent and that of economic sanctions to be 26 percent. The results are robust across two alternative datasets on economic coercion, and qualitative evidence corroborates the outlined mechanisms. The findings suggest that economic sanctions are less effective than previously thought and that large donor states have a higher chance of achieving political goals through economic coercion.