Suchergebnisse

The Saricicek howardite meteorite shower consisting of 343 documented stones occurred on September 2, 2015 in Turkey and is the first documented howardite fall. Cosmogenic isotopes show that Saricicek experienced a complex cosmic-ray exposure history, exposed during 12-14Ma in a regolith near the surface of a parent asteroid, and that an 1m sized meteoroid was launched by an impact 22 +/- 2Ma ago to Earth (as did one-third of all HED meteorites). SIMS dating of zircon and baddeleyite yielded 4550.4 +/- 2.5Ma and 4553 +/- 8.8Ma crystallization ages for the basaltic magma clasts. The apatite U-Pb age of 4525 +/- 17Ma, K-Ar age of 3.9Ga, and the U,Th-He ages of 1.8 +/- 0.7 and 2.6 +/- 0.3Ga are interpreted to represent thermal metamorphic and impact-related resetting ages, respectively. Petrographic; geochemical; and O-, Cr-, and Ti-isotopic studies confirm that Saricicek belongs to the normal clan of HED meteorites. Petrographic observations and analysis of organic material indicate a small portion of carbonaceous chondrite material in the Saricicek regolith and organic contamination of the meteorite after a few days on soil. Video observations of the fall show an atmospheric entry at 17.3 +/- 0.8kms(-1) from NW; fragmentations at 37, 33, 31, and 27km altitude; and provide a pre-atmospheric orbit that is the first dynamical link between the normal HED meteorite clan and the inner Main Belt. Spectral data indicate the similarity of Saricicek with the Vesta asteroid family (V-class) spectra, a group of asteroids stretching to delivery resonances, which includes (4) Vesta. Dynamical modeling of meteoroid delivery to Earth shows that the complete disruption of a 1km sized Vesta family asteroid or a 10km sized impact crater on Vesta is required to provide sufficient meteoroids 4m in size to account for the influx of meteorites from this HED clan. The 16.7km diameter Antionia impact crater on Vesta was formed on terrain of the same age as given by the He-4 retention age of Saricicek. Lunar scaling for crater production to crater counts of its ejecta blanket show it was formed 22Ma ago. ; Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [40339, 58261]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [MFAG/113F035]; Swiss National Science foundationSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European Commission [PZ00P2_154874]; Swiss National Science foundation (NCCR PlanetS)Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [3.1959.2017/4.6]; Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation [02.A03.21.0006]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41403055]; Simons Foundation [302497]; Academy of FinlandAcademy of FinlandEuropean Commission [299543]; NASA Cosmochemistry ProgramNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14AM62G]; NASA Emerging Worlds Program [NNX16AD34G]; NASA NEOO program [NNX14-AR92G] ; We thank N. Ergun and family in the village of Saricicek for donating the meteorites studied here and collecting meteorite fall coordinates. We thank E. Atalan and S. Ozdemir at Bingol University, and E. Necip Yardim and M. Cicek at Mus Alparslan University, for facilitating our research at the campuses, and S. Pamuk at the Bingol police headquarters. We thank A. and T. Ozduman, police officers in Bingol, for assisting with the field study. For technical assistance, we further acknowledge support from M. Fehr, Y.-J. Lai, and L. Hoffland (NASA Ames Research Center); David Mittlefehldt (NASA JSC); K. Wimmer (Ries Crater Museum); J. Sanchez (Planetary Science Institute); A. Neesemann (Free University Berlin); S. Atanasova-Vladimirova and I. Piroeva (Institute of Physical Chemistry, BAS); and B. Georgieva and V. Strijkova (Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, BAS). This work was supported by Istanbul University (Project No. 40339 and 58261), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (MFAG/113F035), the Swiss National Science foundation (PZ00P2_154874 and NCCR PlanetS), the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project # 3.1959.2017/4.6), Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41403055), the Simons Foundation (302497), the Academy of Finland (299543), the NASA Cosmochemistry Program (NNX14AM62G), the NASA Emerging Worlds Program (NNX16AD34G), and the NASA NEOO program (NNX14-AR92G). ; WOS:000468026900001 ; 2-s2.0-85063957015

Türkiye'de 2000'li yıllardan sonra gelişen gençlik hareketleri ve artan genç nüfusun etkisiyle gençlere çeşitli roller atfedilmiştir. Siyasi partilerin ve sivil toplum hareketlerinin ideolojik düşünce yapılarına göre gençlik politikaları da farklılaşmıştır. Merkez ve yerel yönetimler arasında değişen güç ilişkileri, yerel yönetimlerin genel olarak kültür özel olarak da gençlik politikaları alanında faaliyet üretmeye başlamalarına neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda gençlik, yerel yönetimler açısından önemli bir hedef kitlesi hâline gelmiştir.Bu çalışmada, iktidar ve ana muhalefet partilerinin merkez ve yerel düzeyde gençlik politikaları karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmış ve gençlik tahayyülleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Pendik ve Kartal belediyelerinin gençlik politikalarından yola çıkarak gençliğe yönelik politikaları şekillendiren aktör, kurum ve süreçlere odaklanmıştır. AK Parti, 2013 yılına kadar gençliğe dönük politikalarında genellikle hizmet odaklı ve gençlerin gündelik hayatla ilgili taleplerini karşılamaya yönelik strateji izlerken 2013, gençliğe yönelik kültürel ve ideolojik projelerini öne çıkarmıştır. Bu bağlamda, AK Parti tarafından yönetilen belediyeler, partinin yerel teşkilatları, merkezî hükûmetin yerel kurumları ve çeşitli STK'larla birlikte gençliğe yönelik ciddi bir mobilizasyon başlatmıştır. Aynı şekilde CHP'nin de gençlik politikalarını 2013vsonrası revize ettiği ve kendi ideolojisi çerçevesinde gençliği yeniden inşa etmeye yönelik önlemler aldığı görülmektedir.Yerel düzeydeki süreci etkileyen aktörler ile birebir mülakatlara ve konuyla ilgili gerek merkezî gerek yerel yönetimlerce üretilen dokümanlara, istatistiklere dayanan bu çalışmada, yerel yönetimlerin gençliğe dönük politikaları farklı siyasi partilerce yönetilen belediyeler bağlamında karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda gençlik alanındaki, merkezî ve yerel yönetimler, siyasi partilerin yerel teşkilatları ve STK gibi aktörler arasındaki koordinasyon ve ilişkiye odaklanarak yerel yönetimler ve gençlik çalışmaları alanlrındaki literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır. --- In Turkey, youth has been designated with different roles, especially in light of the emergence of youth movements since the 2000s, accompanied by the increasing youth population. Youth policies have been also differentiated in accordance with the ideologies of political parties and non-govermental organizations. The changing power relations between central government and local governments have enabled local governments to generate activities focusing on culture in general and youth policies in particular. Within this context, youth has become an important social group targeted by local governments.In this thesis, the youth policies of the ruling and the main oppositional party have been comparatively examined to reveal their imaginations of youth. The study has focused on the actors, institutions and processes that are involved in the shaping of policies specifically targeting youth, by analyzing youth policies of Pendik and Kartal municipalities. Until 2013, AK Party, in enacting its policies targeting youth, followed a strategy, which was generally a service-based with the aim of meeting the youth's demands in everyday life; however, after 2013, it has begun to highlight more culturally and ideologically motivated projects for youth. Within this context, a seriousviimobilization targeting youth has been initiated, along with the municipalities governed by the AK Party, the party's local organizations, local institutions of central government and various non-governmental organizations. Similarly, it has been observed that CHP also revised its youth policies after 2013 and took measures to reconstruct the youth in accordance with its own ideological framework.Based on interviews with the actors involved in the process at the local level, and documents and statistical data produced by central and local authorities, this thesis has examined local governments' youth policies by comparing the youth policies of municipalities run by different political parties. Focusing on the coordination and relationship in the realm of youth among various actors including central and local governments, political parties' local organizations and civil society organizations, this thesis has contributed to the existing literature on local governments and youth studies in Turkey.

The Scandinavian countries and their welfare policies have long been known for their ability to reduce income inequality while boosting economic growth. Recent research from OECD has indicated that the Scandinavian countries are indeed examples of a more general positive relationship between equality and growth (64). Health equity has been anexplicit political goal in Scandinavia for decades. Nevertheless, in the health domain, average improvement has not been followed by reduced inequality – at least not between socioeconomic groups. It has in other words turned out to be a challenge of translating small inequalities in wealth into small inequalities in health. Denmark, Norway and Sweden all have legislation that indifferent ways offers local governments key roles in public health. This is partly due to local governments' responsibility for many policy areas of great relevance to health and health equity. National governments have thus largely made the WHO and EU recommendation of 'Health in All Policies'a local responsibility. In his analysis for the Nordic Council of Ministers, former Swedish Minister of Health Bo Könberg identifies tackling health inequalities as one of 14 prioritised areas for future Nordic collaboration on health (94). The fact that all of the Nordic countries share this growing problem as well as a political ambition to deal with it brought the issue onto Könberg's list. The Nordic Council of Ministers also recently listed the sustainability of the Nordic welfare state model, including its health policy, as an area of Nordic collaboration (104). However, realising the principle of health (equity) in all policiesis no simple matter. The national authorities and local government federations in Denmark, Norway and Sweden have therefore initiated various activities to support local governments in this process. One has been to ask the Department of Public Health at the University of Copenhagen to undertake an explorative study on what we can learn from experiences so far in regions and municipalities in the three countries. Political, professional, and organisational issues are all relevant here. Can we identify obstacles to and means of promoting the involvement of local policymakers within education, social care, labourmarket, environment etc. in a coordinated effort to tackle health inequalities in a Scandinavian context? The present report is the result of this study. It is based on three sources: 1. Interviews with policymakers (administrators and politicians) within healthcare administrations, childhood/education, and labour market administrations from September 2014 to March 2015*. 2. Textual analysis of available policy documents from regions and municipalities. 3. Meetings with an expert group** of individuals from the three countries, who possess considerable experience of research and/or policymaking within the area. It is important to emphasise that because we have only been able to include a small number of municipalities, our results must be regarded as exploratory and not representative. The conclusions do not represent the positions of any of the involved authorities or experts but of the authors alone. The study was commissioned by: Danish Health and Medicines Authority (www.sundhedsstyrelsen.dk) Norwegian Directorate of Health (www.helsedirektoratet.no) Public Health Agency of Sweden (www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se) Local Government Denmark (www.kl.dk)Local Government Organisation of Norway (www.ks.no) Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions(www.skl.se)* The municipalities have been selected by the national authorities to represent those, both large and small, which have experience in developing intersectoral policies to tackle health inequalities. Denmark: Copenhagen, Ishøj, and Vordingborg Norway: Innherred Samkommune, Fredrikstad, and Kristiansand. Sweden: Botkyrka, Degerfors-Karlskoga, Malmö, Luleå, and Västra Götaland Region** Expert group: Anna Balkfors, Espen Dahl, Göran Dahlgren, Elisabeth Fosse, Lars Iversen, Bo Pettersson, Morten Hulvej Rod, Anne Smetana, and Lennart Svensson.

Although the institutional model of science communication operated well during the corona-pandemic, and relevant public institutions (media, science, politics) garnered higher levels of trust following "rally-around-the-flag" dynamics, other people would develop distrusts towards those institutions and the emerging orthodox corona narrative. Their ideas are often framed as conspiracy theories, and today's globalized media eco-system enables their proliferation. This looming "infodemic" became a prime object of concern. In this article I agnostically study those distrusts from a cultural sociological perspective to better understand how and why people (came to) disbelieve official knowledge and their producers. To do so, I draw on my ethnographic fieldwork in the off- and online worlds of people labeled as conspiracy theorists in the Netherlands, which includes the media they consume, share and produce. Based on an inductive analysis of people's own sense-making, I present three dominant reasons: media's panicky narrative of fear and mayhem; governments sole focus on lockdowns and vaccines; and the exclusion of heterodox scientific perspectives in the public sphere. Each of these reasons problematize a perceived orthodoxy in media, politics and science, and this uniformity bred suspicion about possible conspiracies between these public institutions. Too much consensus gets distrusted. While we can discard those ideas as irrational conspiracy theories, I conclude that these findings have important implications for the way we deal with and communicate about complex societal problems. Next to keeping things simple and clear, as crisis/risk/science communication holds, we need to allow for uncertainty, critique and epistemic diversity as well.

Global benchmarks for assessing tangible cultural heritage are particularly maintained by the rules and regulations on cultural property in particular countries. This paper examines the validity of conversation science for cultural heritage, and what its role is to increase human knowledge. The evolving capacity of conversation science is changing over time differing from the conventional method of conversation. It significantly considers the long-term learning procedures constrained with specific methods. Over years it is evolving and new capacities are included in it. The unique concept of "tangible cultural heritage" is a living idea, and currently, in broader terms, it is illustrating the legacy of the manmade creation. Conservation science consists of a diverse practical side which expects to be understood in the theoretical constructions. Moreover, implicitly the complex parity of the cultural heritage involves multiple sets of new values and depicts the field of visual arts. The major purpose of this study is to depict the important factors of conversation science. Furthermore, this article examines the value of the conservation process maintaining the tangible heritages. Specifically, the article gives the details of the government approach in India to maintain its cultural heritage over time. It has given the value functions in understanding the current benefits of art conservation along with the value determination for the future generation. In attributing the sustainable goal of the conservation, this article had made unique approaches increasing the maximum potential vitality. In broader terms, the greatest importance of this study affirms the understanding of the role of conservation methods for cultural heritage.

We employ real-time household data to study the impact of the pandemic lockdown on paid and unpaid work in Spain. We document large employment losses that affected more severely low-skilled workers and to some extent college educated women. We show that the pandemic resulted in an increase in the gender gap in total hours worked, including paid and unpaid work. This is due to the smaller decrease in paid work hours among women that was not compensated by a smaller increase in unpaid work. We also examine the impact of the lockdown on within-household specialization patterns. We find that while men slightly increased their participation in home production, the burden continued to be borne by women, irrespective of their labor market situation. This evidence suggests that traditional explanations cannot account for the unequal distribution of the domestic workload. Additional analysis supports gender norms as a plausible explanation for our findings ; Graves and Fawaz acknowledge funding from the Fundacion Ramon Areces (18th Social Science National Competition) that made survey collection possible. Fawaz acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PGC2018-097598). Graves acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant ECO2017-82882- R) and joint support from the Community of Madrid and UAM (grant SI1-PJI- 2019- 00326). Farré and González acknowledge financial support from the IZA Emergency Research Trust. Farré acknowledges the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2019-104319RB- I00), Agaur (2020PANDE00076) and the Government of Catalonia (grant SGR2017-644). González acknowledges the financial support of ICREA Academia

In this work, I evaluate the impact of species distribution models (SDMs) on the current status of environmental and ecological journals by asking the question to which degree development of SDMs in the literature is related to recent changes in the impact factors of ecological journals. The hypothesis evaluated states that research fronts are likely to attract research attention and potentially drive citation patterns, with journals concentrating papers related to the research front receiving more attention and benefiting from faster increases in their impact on the ecological literature. My results indicate a positive relationship between the number of SDM related articles published in a journal and its impact factor (IF) growth during the period 2000–09. However, the percentage of SDM related papers in a journal was strongly and positively associated with the percentage of papers on climate change and statistical issues. The results support the hypothesis that global change science has been critical in the development of SDMs and that interest in climate change research in particular, rather than the usage of SDM per se, appears as an important factor behind journal IF increases in ecology and environmental sciences. Finally, our results on SDM application in global change science support the view that scientific interest rather than methodological fashion appears to be the major driver of research attraction in the scientific literature. ; This study has received financial support from the projects CGL2011-29539/BOS and Consolider Montes CSD2008-00040 granted by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) and it is also a contribution to the FP7-226852 project SCALES. Additional funding to LB was received from the Catalan government through project 2010 BE 272.

Natural hazards and disaster reconnaissance investigations have provided many lessons for the research and practice communities and have greatly improved our scientific understanding of extreme events. Yet, many challenges remain for these communities, including improving our ability to model hazards, make decisions in the face of uncertainty, enhance community resilience, and mitigate risk. State-of-the-art instrumentation and mobile data collection applications have significantly advanced the ability of field investigation teams to capture quickly perishable data in post-disaster settings. The NHERI RAPID Facility convened a community workshop of experts in the professional, government, and academic sectors to determine reconnaissance data needs and opportunities, and to identify the broader challenges facing the reconnaissance community that hinder data collection and use. Participants highlighted that field teams face many practical and operational challenges before and during reconnaissance investigations, including logistics concerns, safety issues, emotional trauma, and after-returning, issues with data processing and analysis. Field teams have executed many effective missions. Among the factors contributing to successful reconnaissance are having local contacts, effective teamwork, and pre-event training. Continued progress in natural hazard reconnaissance requires adaptation of new, strategic approaches that acquire and integrate data over a range of temporal, spatial, and social scales across disciplines. ; U.S. National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1611820] ; The U.S. National Science Foundation supported this work under grant number 1611820. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Spintronics holds great potential for next-generation high-speed and low-power consumption information technology. Recently, lead halide perovskites (LHPs), which have gained great success in optoelectronics, also show interesting magnetic properties. However, the spin-related properties in LHPs originate from the spin-orbit coupling of Pb, limiting further development of these materials in spintronics. Here, we demonstrate a new generation of halide perovskites, by alloying magnetic elements into optoelectronic double perovskites, which provide rich chemical and structural diversities to host different magnetic elements. In our iron-alloyed double perovskite, Cs2Ag(Bi:Fe)Br-6, Fe3+ replaces Bi3+ and forms FeBr6 clusters that homogenously distribute throughout the double perovskite crystals. We observe a strong temperature-dependent magnetic response at temperatures below 30 K, which is tentatively attributed to a weak ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic response from localized regions. We anticipate that this work will stimulate future efforts in exploring this simple yet efficient approach to develop new spintronic materials based on lead-free double perovskites. ; Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2019.0082]; Swedish Energy AgencySwedish Energy Agency [2018004357, P43288-1]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009-00971]; Grant Agency of the Czech RepublicGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [GA19-05259S]; China Scholarship Council (CSC)China Scholarship Council; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering DivisionUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); European CommunityEuropean Community (EC) [312284]; Czech Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic [LM2015057]; CERIC users grant; International Synchrotron Access Program of the Australian Synchrotron

Enhancing creativity and developing technology skills in the classroom are the future of education and can turn out to be powerful tools to smooth out inequalities in class. This paper presents a systematic scoping review study of the literature focusing on cases of social creativity and digital technology embedded in science education. To this end, 23 empirical studies were selected from several databases all in English and subjected to a blind peer-review process to address the interconnectedness of key themes encapsulated in the following three research questions: (i) which digital technology roles support collaborative and creative processes in science education? (ii) which forms of technology and technological features support and organize the aforementioned creative processes? and (iii) what pedagogical principles guide the promotion of social creativity using technology in science education and involve all the students? Results show that technology can play different roles in promoting social creativity: (1) as a tutoring device that nurtures some key science creative processes; (2) as a tool that shapes students' creative thinking; and (3) as a medium that builds the supportive environment to perform collective creativity processes. In our project, these three roles were performed using a wide range of web 2.0 technologies (e.g., web-based environments, digital platforms, mobile technology) that both engaged all students in active and rich user experience for collective knowledge creation and equipped all learners with the necessary skills that would turn them into active, i.e., dynamic and resourceful, citizens in a swiftly changing world. ; This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government under Grant EDU2016-80258-R.

This is the book of proceedings of the 21st Science and Technology Indicators Conference that took place in València (Spain) from 14th to 16th of September 2016. The conference theme for this year, 'Peripheries, frontiers and beyond' aimed to study the development and use of Science, Technology and Innovation indicators in spaces that have not been the focus of current indicator development, for example, in the Global South, or the Social Sciences and Humanities. The exploration to the margins and beyond proposed by the theme has brought to the STI Conference an interesting array of new contributors from a variety of fields and geographies. This year's conference had a record 382 registered participants from 40 different countries, including 23 European, 9 American, 4 Asia-Pacific, 4 Africa and Near East. About 26% of participants came from outside of Europe. There were also many participants (17%) from organisations outside academia including governments (8%), businesses (5%), foundations (2%) and international organisations (2%). This is particularly important in a field that is practice-oriented. The chapters of the proceedings attest to the breadth of issues discussed. Infrastructure, benchmarking and use of innovation indicators, societal impact and mission oriented-research, mobility and careers, social sciences and the humanities, participation and culture, gender, and altmetrics, among others. We hope that the diversity of this Conference has fostered productive dialogues and synergistic ideas and made a contribution, small as it may be, to the development and use of indicators that, being more inclusive, will foster a more inclusive and fair world.

It is my honor to welcome all of the keynote and invited speakers, participants, and distinguished guest on the 1st International Conference on Science and Technology for Environmental Protection (ICSTEP) at Hotel Santika Premiere Gubeng, Surabaya Indonesia. This conference is organized by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. This conference is held to discuss and exchange ideas among the researchers, the students, the government officers, and the industries with different multidisciplinary knowledge especially for environmental protection, and to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Study Program of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. The 1st ICSTEP has one outstanding keynote speaker from Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Republic of Indonesia, and six invited speakers come from Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Malaysia and Indonesia. More than 100 participants have been registered and about 90 participants will present their papers to share and exchange their ideas, expertise, and experiences in this two days conference (8-9 August 2018). I expect that this ICSTEP is a pioneer for our future conference, as indicated by a number of papers presented in this event. Selected papers will also be published in proceeding and journal. Last but not least, I would like to express our gratitude to all the authors, session chairs, participants, institutions and companies for their contribution to the 1st ICSTEP 2018. I hope you enjoy the conference and find the experience inspiring and helpful in your professional field. We look forward to seeing you at our upcoming conference in the future.

The archetypal 3d Mott insulator hematite, Fe2O3, is one of the basic oxide components playing an important role in mineralogy of Earths lower mantle. Its high pressure-temperature behavior, such as the electronic properties, equation of state, and phase stability is of fundamental importance for understanding the properties and evolution of the Earths interior. Here, we study the electronic structure, magnetic state, and lattice stability of Fe2O3 at ultra-high pressures using the density functional plus dynamical mean-field theory (DFT + DMFT) approach. In the vicinity of a Mott transition, Fe2O3 is found to exhibit a series of complex electronic, magnetic, and structural transformations. In particular, it makes a phase transition to a metal with a post-perovskite crystal structure and site-selective local moments upon compression above 75 GPa. We show that the site-selective phase transition is accompanied by a charge disproportionation of Fe ions, with Fe-3 +/-delta and delta similar to 0.05-0.09, implying a complex interplay between electronic correlations and the lattice. Our results suggest that site-selective local moments in Fe2O3 persist up to ultra-high pressures of similar to 200-250 GPa, i.e., sufficiently above the core-mantle boundary. The latter can have important consequences for understanding of the velocity and density anomalies in the Earths lower mantle. ; Funding Agencies|Russian Science Foundation [18-12-00492]; Swedish Research Council [2015-04391]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Areas in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC); Israeli Science Foundation [1189/14, 1552/18]

Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research (MWLR) is the custodian of nearly a third of New Zealand's nationally significant natural history collections and databases. MWLR is a New Zealand Government-owned Research Institute whose purpose is to drive innovation in the management of terrestrial biodiversity and land resources. Active research programmes are associated with the collections and innovative projects to disseminate the resulting knowledge to the public have been developed. A number of these projects have focused on two-way sharing of knowledge and information with Māori, Aotearoa/New Zealand's first people. Examples of science projects combining collections resources, community knowledge and research to produce bilingual guides, websites and teaching tools include: Ahi Pepe | Mothnet, a citizen science project that engages teachers, students and Māori with nature and science across New Zealand What is this bug?, a web-based invertebrate identification guide with bilingual translation (He Aha Tēnei Pepeke) Ngā Hekaheka o Aotearoa, a bilingual teaching resource combining scientific research with Māori ancestral knowledge and usage of fungi. Discover New Life, a project where researchers worked with students to discover and describe species new to science National New Zealand Flax Collection (HARAKEKE) , a living plant collection of weaving varieties of harakeke (NZ flax), providing plants and associated website resources on research, cultivation and traditional usage of harakeke for Māori weavers and the broader community. These projects have allowed development of ongoing relationships and knowledge sharing between MWLR natural history collections and New Zealand communities, enriching the collections and associated data for all.

The global HIV response is leaving children and adolescents behind. Because of a paucity of studies on treatment and care models for these age groups, there are gaps in our understanding of how best to implement services to improve their health outcomes. Without this evidence, policymakers are left to extrapolate from adult studies, which may not be appropriate, and can lead to inefficiencies in service delivery, hampered uptake, and ineffective mechanisms to support optimal outcomes. Implementation science research seeks to investigate how interventions known to be efficacious in study settings are, or are not, routinely implemented within real-world programmes. Effective implementation science research must be a collaborative effort between government, funding agencies, investigators, and implementers, each playing a key role. Successful implementation science research in children and adolescents requires clearer policies about age of consent for services and research that conform to ethical standards but allow for rational modifications. Implementation research in these age groups also necessitates age-appropriate consultation and engagement of children, adolescents, and their caregivers. Finally, resource, systems, technology, and training must be prioritized to improve the availability and quality of age-/sex-disaggregated data. Implementation science has a clear role to play in facilitating understanding of how the multiple complex barriers to HIV services for children and adolescents prevent effective interventions from reaching more children and adolescents living with HIV, and is well positioned to redress gaps in the HIV response for these age groups. This is truer now more than ever, with urgent and ambitious 2020 global targets on the horizon and insufficient progress in these age groups to date.