A food supply that delivers energy-dense products with high levels of salt, saturated fats and trans fats, in large portion sizes, is a major cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The highly processed foods produced by large food corporations are primary drivers of increases in consumption of these adverse nutrients. The objective of this paper is to present an approach to monitoring food composition that can both document the extent of the problem and underpin novel actions to address it. The monitoring approach seeks to systematically collect information on high-level contextual factors influencing food composition and assess the energy density, salt, saturated fat, trans fats and portion sizes of highly processed foods for sale in retail outlets (with a focus on supermarkets and quick-service restaurants). Regular surveys of food composition are proposed across geographies and over time using a pragmatic, standardized methodology. Surveys have already been undertaken in several high- and middle-income countries, and the trends have been valuable in informing policy approaches. The purpose of collecting data is not to exhaustively document the composition of all foods in the food supply in each country, but rather to provide information to support governments, industry and communities to develop and enact strategies to curb food-related NCDs. ; Department of HE and Training approved list
Includes bibliographical references. ; t. 1-3. L'Antiquité dévoilée par ses usages.--t. 4. Recherches sur l'origine du despotisme oriental. Essai philosophique sur le gouvernement. Traité sur le bonheur. Pensées sur le bonheur.--t. 5. Le christianisme dévoilé. Dissertation sur Elie et Enoch. Esope fabuliste.--t. 6. Examen critique sur Saint Paul. Dissertation sur Saint Pierre. De la cruauté religieuse.--t. 7. Corvées. Déluge. Guèbres. Langue hébraique. Économie politique.--t. 8. L'histoire d'Alexandre. ; Mode of access: Internet.
This article focuses on the generic form of Alevism, commonly referred to as "Anatolian Alevism", asking how ethnic and tribal divergences occurred, their interrelationships and the basis of the differences and similarities. It assumes that the beliefs and practices known collectively as "Anatolian Alevism" constitute a "wholistic structure" that refers to the joint possession of a common set of ritualistic and mythic attributes and characteristics. In this context, "Anatolian Alevism" presents a distinctive attribute compared to other beliefs thought to be similar or connected to which Alevism is related in some ways although it is also the product of a different history and belief pattern. The central concern is to provide an understanding of the historical establishment and interrelationship of Kırmanjki and Kurmanji speaking Alevi tribes and their similarities and differences compared to Turkish/Turkmen Alevism despite their strong structural associations. KURMANJI: Nêrînek li ser reh û dîroka elewîtiya kurdî: Cudatî û Wekheviyên di nav komên elewiyên kurd li Tirkiyeyê Pirsa serekî di vê gotarê de ew e ka "elewîtiya kurdî" xwedanê cihekî taybet û dîrokeke xwe ye li nav wê baweriya ku wek "elewîtiya Anatolê" tê zanîn. Ji bo vê armancê, gotar li rehên dîrokî û geşedana bawerî û cemaeta ku em dibêjinê "elewîtiya kurdî" dinêre, û wekhevî û cudatiyên di navbera komên elewî yên kurmancî-ziman û kirmanckî-ziman dinirxîne. Gotar li ser wan pirsan hûr dibe ku dikevine nav şiklê berbelav ê elewîtiyê, ku bi rengekî asayî wek "elewîtiya anatolê" tê zanîn, û dikeve dû pirsa ka cudabûnên qewmî û eşîrî çawa pêk hatin, çi têkilî hene di navbera wan de û çi heye di bingehê wan cudatî û wekheviyan de. Gotar hizreke ne-bingehger dide pêş li ser têgihiştina damezrandina dîrokî û têkiliyên navxweyî yên eşîrên elewî yên zaza (kirmanckî-ziman) û kurmancî-ziman, û wekhevî û cudatiyên wan gava mirov ligel elewîtiya tirk/turkman dide ber hev sererayî manendiyên wan ên binyadî yên bihêz. SORANI: Rumallêkî rîşe û dîrokî kurdanî 'elewî: cyawazîyekan û nzîkbûnewekanî nêwan grupekanî kurdî 'elewî le turkya Em babete terkîz dexate ser forme giştîyekey 'elewîzm, ke beşêweyekî baw wek "'elewîzmî enadoll" amajey pêdedrêt, deprisêt çon cyawazîye etnîkî û hozîyekan û peywendîye nawxoyyekanîyan we payey cyawazî û lêkçunekanîyan rûydawe. Twêjîneweke waydadenêt ke ew bawerr û praktîsaney begşitî wek "'elewîzmî enadollî" nasrawe "sitraktorî giştî" (grîmaney serekî pesendikraw lelayen cvakî 'elewî le turkya) pêkdênêt, ewey ke amaje dedat be bûnî komellêk sîfet û taybetmendî nerîtî û efsaneyî hawbeş. Lem çwarçêweyeda, beberawrid legell bawerrekanî tir ke wa debînrên be corêk le corekan legell 'elewîzimda hawşêwen yan peywendîyan pêkewe heye "'elewîzmî enadollî" sîfetî cyakerewey heye herçende berhemî mêjû û şêwey bîrkirdnewekeyşî cyawaz bêt. Krokî babeteke desteberkirdnî têgeyîştinêke derbarey bunyad û pêwendîye xobexoyyekanî hoze axêwerekanî kirmancekî û kirmancîye 'elewîyekan we cyawazî û leyekçunekanîyan legell 'elewîye turk/turkmanekan sererray sitraktorî behêzî komellekanyan. ZAZAKI: Derheqê ristim û tarîxê elewîyîya kurdan de cigêrayîş: Tirkîya de cîyayî û nêzdîbîyayîşê grûbanê elewîyanê kurdan Na meqale formê elewîyî yo pêroyî ke sey "elewîyîya Anadolîye" name bena, aye ser giranî dana. Pers beno ke cîyayîyê etnîk û eşîrkî, pagirêdayîşê înan û bingeyê cîyayî û yewbînanromendişî senî ameyê ra. Ferz beno ke bawerî û urf û adetê ke bi hewayêko pêroyî sey "elewîyîya Anadolîye" nas benê, ê "awanîyêka pêrogire" anê pê ke wayîrîya hempare yê komsifet û taybetmendîyanê adetî û mîstîkan qesd kena (no qeneato umûmî yo ke hetê komelê elewîyanê Tirkîya ra qebul beno). Herçiqas ke goreyê bawerîyanê bînan ê ke texmînan ra gore nêzdî yan zî girêdayeyê elewîyî yê û herçiqas ke elewîyîye qalibanê tarîx û bawerî yê cîya-cîyayan ra yena pêra, la bi tewirêk ancî ê bawerîyanê bînan de têkildar a, ancîya na çarçewa de "elewîyîya Anadolîye" wayîra sifetêkê taybetî ya. Eleqeya bingeyêne a ya ke hem derheqê pagirêdayîş û awanîya tarîxî yê eşîranê elewîyan ê ke kirmanckî û kurmanckî (kirdaskî) qesey kenê de, hem zî, goreyê elewîyîya tirke/tirkmene û duştê heme nêzdîyîya xo ya awankîye de, derheqê cîyayî û yewbînanromendişê înan de îzahat bêro pêkêşkerdene.
Azimuthal anisotropies of muons from charm and bottom hadron decays are measured in Pb+Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 0.5 nb(-1) and 1.4 nb(-1), respectively. The kinematic selection for heavy-flavor muons requires transverse momentum 4 < p(T) < 30 GeV and pseudorapidity vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.0. The dominant sources of muons in this p -r range are semi-leptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. These heavy-flavor muons are separated from light-hadron decay muons and punch-through hadrons using the momentum imbalance between the measurements in the tracking detector and in the muon spectrometers. Azimuthal anisotropies, quantified by flow coefficients, are measured via the eventplane method for inclusive heavy-flavor muons as a function of the muon p(T) and in intervals of Pb+Pb collision centrality. Heavy-flavor muons are separated into contributions from charm and bottom hadron decays using the muon transverse impact parameter with respect to the event primary vertex. Non-zero elliptic (v(2)) and triangular (v(3)) flow coefficients are extracted for charm and bottom muons, with the charm muon coefficients larger than those for bottom muons for all Pb+Pb collision centralities. The results indicate substantial modification to the charm and bottom quark angular distributions through interactions in the quark-gluon plasma produced in these Pb+Pb collisions, with smaller modifications for the bottom quarks as expected theoretically due to their larger mass. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; BMWFW, Austria ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; SSTC, Belarus ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; NRC, Canadá ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Colciencias ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; Czech Republic Government ; DNRF, Denmark ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France ; SRNSFG, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; HGF, Germany ; Max Planck Society ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; RGC, China ; Hong Kong SAR, China ; Israel Science Foundation ; Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; RCN, Norway ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; NCN, Poland ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; MES of Russia, Russia Federation ; NRC KI, Russia Federation ; JINR ; MESTD, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS, Slovenia ; DST/NRF, South Africa ; MINECO, Spain ; SRC, Sweden ; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SERI, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Canton of Bern, Switzerland ; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; BCKDF, Canada ; CANARIE, Canada ; Compute Canada, Canada ; CRC, Canada ; European Union (EU) European Research Council (ERC) ; European Union (EU) ; Horizon 2020, European Union ; COST, European Union ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Herakleitos program - EU-ESF, Greece ; Thales program - EU-ESF, Greece ; Aristeia program - EU-ESF, Greece ; Greek NSRF, Greece ; BSF-NSF, Israel ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain ; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain ; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden ; Royal Society of London ; Leverhulme Trust ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS)
Central Asian countries attract investment in transport infrastructure to rebuild the Silk Road paths and enjoy economic benefits from the participation in international trade. The Kazakhstani government approached the Russian and Chinese governments intending to join the Western Europe-Western China (WE-WC) initiative to boost the country's regional development. The paper aims to assess how the WE-WC transport corridor affected the economic potential of linking cities and regions starting from the quality of transport infrastructure and leading to their export potential. The study's findings showed that the Kazakhstan section of the WE-WC corridor was at an early stage of transformation from a transport into an economic corridor. While the Russia-Uzbekistan section continues to serve mainly a transit function and operate at the level of transport infrastructure, the China-Kyrgyzstan section has started evolving from the level of multimode transport corridor to the level of logistics corridor. The economic sustainability of the WE-WC linking mining and agricultural regions of Kazakhstan still comes into question and depends on the government's further region-specific policy actions.
