Suchergebnisse

How are "interesting" research problems identified and made durable by academic researchers, particularly in situations defined by multiple evaluation principles? Building on two case studies of research groups working on rare diseases in academic biomedicine, we explore how group leaders arrange their groups to encompass research problems that latch onto distinct evaluation principles by dividing and combining work into "basic-oriented" and "clinical-oriented" spheres of inquiry. Following recent developments in the sociology of (e)valuation comparing academics to capitalist entrepreneurs in pursuit of varying kinds of worth, we argue that the metaphor of the portfolio is helpful in analyzing how group leaders manage these different research lines as "alternative investment options" from which they were variously hoping to capitalize. We argue portfolio development is a useful concept for exploring how group leaders fashion "entrepreneurial" practices to manage and exploit tensions between multiple matrices of (e)valuation and conclude with suggestions for how this vocabulary can further extend analysis of epistemic capitalism within science and technology studies.

A systematic review of the literature was conducted to investigate suicidal self-directed violence and homelessness among US military veterans, and identify existing suicide prevention strategies. In November 2015, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles published since 1990 investigating self-directed violence among homeless veterans were identified. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. Nineteen observational studies were included. Suicide ideation rates were 1.3% (current), 7.0% (past week), 12.1%–18% (past 30 days), and 74% (lifetime). Suicide attempt rates were 0%–6% (past 30 days), 30.7%–31.5% (past 5 years), and 15%–46.6% (lifetime). Death by suicide rate was 81.0 per 100,000. No interventional studies to prevent self-directed violence among homeless veterans were identified. Homeless veterans are at risk for self-directed violence, suggesting the need for research to examine preventive strategies. A comprehensive public health approach to suicide prevention needs to focus on vulnerable populations, including homeless veterans.

The threat of ecological collapse is increasingly becoming a reality for the world's populations, both human and nonhuman; addressing this global challenge requires enormous cultural creativity and demands a diversity of perspectives, especially from the humanities. Theology and Ecology Across the Disciplines draws from a variety of academic disciplines and positions in order to explore the role and nature of environmental responsibility, especially where such themes intersect with religious or theological viewpoints. Covering disciplines such as history, philosophy, literature, politics, peace studies, economics, women's studies, and the ecological sciences as well as systematic and moral theology, the contributors emphasize how these positions have begun to develop distinct perspectives on urgent ecological issues, as well as pointing toward specific practices at the local and international level. This volume provides a multidisciplinary point of departure for urgent conversations on environmental responsibility that resist simplistic solutions. Rather, the contributors highlight the complex nature of modern ecology, and suggest creative ways forward in the situation of an apparently intractable global problem.

This is a qualitative study using the phenomenological method. This study draws on diverse fields including psychology, sociology, political science and disability studies. The study seeks to locate itself within and contribute to the field of Peace and Conflict studies by establishing intimate relationships as a space in which peacebuilding can occur. The socialization of men to conceal their feelings and emotions has had consequences for men's health and contributed to a gendered imbalance of emotional labour in intimate relationships. Five men who live with mood disorders were interviewed about their thoughts, feelings and experiences with respect to disclosing their mood disorders to intimate partners. This study demonstrates that when men display vulnerability by disclosing their mood disorders to intimate partners, they are helping to develop healthier forms of masculinity and stronger intimate relationships, and ultimately contributing to greater goals of gender equality, which is essential for the realization of positive peace. ; October 2018

In Fragile by Design: The Political Origins of Banking Crises and Scarce Credit, Charles Calomiris and Stephen Haber hope to establish explanations for banking outcomes by researching through the lens of not just economics, but political science and history. They use case studies of five different countries to assist them in this task: Britain, the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil. Through an investigation of each country's unique history and governmental structure, Calomiris and Haber compare and contrast the development of each country's banking system. For example, the United States has experienced 12 banking crises since 1840 but Canada has had zero. Through the case studies, Calomiris and Haber attempt to find out why. The book suggests that a country's financial sector is determined by a process labeled the "Game of Bank Bargains" where politics and banking become intertwined, and powerful coalitions and incentives become extremely important. Thus how political institutions and coalitions differ explain the unique banking outcomes of different countries.

Abstract
Ever since Chomsky, language has been considered primarily as an individual cognitive capacity. Even linguists who reject Chomsky's hypotheses accept this assumption. Daniel Dor proposes instead that language is a socially invented communication technology. It differs from all other animal communication systems, including human nonverbal communication, in that it can instruct the imaginations of others about things not shared with the speaker in the here and now. Dor's proposal solves the problem of the evolution of language, assigns a key role to individual differences in language evolution, change, diversity, acquisition, and use, unifies the many divided branches of linguistics, and solves or points toward solutions in many central areas of the subject, from semantics and syntax to pragmatics and the relation between language and thought. It promises not only to change the face of the language sciences, but also to have profound implications for anthropology, biology, cultural studies, literary studies, philosophy, politics, and religion, and for our understanding of human experience.

© Cambridge University Press 2017. A long tradition of studies in political science has unveiled the effects of electoral institutions on party systems and parliamentary representation. Yet their effects on campaign activities remain overlooked. Research in this tradition still lacks a strong comparative element able to explore the nuanced role of electoral institutions in shaping individual-level campaigns during first-order parliamentary elections. This study uses data from a variety of national candidate studies to address this lacuna, and shows that the structure of electoral institutions affects the electoral mobilization efforts put in place by candidates. Candidate-centred electoral systems incentivize more intense and complex mobilization efforts, and shift the campaign focus towards individuals rather than parties. By directly addressing the effects of electoral institutions on campaign behaviour, this study contributes to the wider debate on their role in promoting political engagement and mobilization. These results indicate that electoral institutions affect political competition much more than previously thought.

Infrastructures are key interfaces of urban resource use, connecting production to consumption, cities to their hinterland and energy to water and land use. They have, however, received scant attention in debates on nexus thinking in general, and the urban nexus in particular. Drawing on an emergent critical literature on the nexus in urban studies and science and technology studies, this article examines practices of (attempted) inter-sectoral infrastructure integration at the interface of urban wastewater treatment and regional energy provision in Germany. It analyses the nexus approaches and experiences of eight German cities / city-regions as so-called 'flexibility providers' in regional energy markets for electricity, gas and heating. It demonstrates how the practices of wastewater utilities operating in energy markets involve far more than technical adaptation, requiring in addition a major reordering of existing material, spatial and institutional configurations to both wastewater and energy systems. This is proving a deeply political process with important implications for our understanding of socio-technical transitions at the water-energy nexus. ; Peer Reviewed

Конференция «Медиевистика: новые имена» — это ежегодное научное мероприятие Института истории и политических наук ТюмГУ. Впервые она состоялась осенью 2014 г. в статусе межрегиональной, в 2016 г. повысила свой статус до международной. Организатором мероприятия является кафедра археологии, истории Древнего мира и Средних веков, возглавляемая профессором Александром Емановым. Тематическим приоритетом выступает изучение Средних веков, а целью конференции является поиск свежих подходов, открытие «новых имен» среди молодых ученых-медиевистов, готовых оставить свой след в исторической . The conference "Medievistika: novye imena" [Medieval Studies: The New Names] is an annual scientific event held by the Institute of History and Political Sciences of Tyumen State University. First it was organized in autumn 2014 as an interregional conference, and in 2016 its reached the international level. The event organizer is the Department of Archeology, History of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages headed by Professor Alexander Emanov. Devoted to the Middle Ages studies, the conference aims to search for fresh approaches and to open "new names" among young scientists.

This contribution asks how the reliance on mass dataveillance of travellers is sustained as a central policy option in the governance of EU border security. It examines this question by analysing a recent initiative of the European Commission proposing the establishment of EU 'smart borders'. The analysis draws from a set of thinking tools developed by the sociology of association in the field of science and technology studies. The contribution argues that in order to grasp policy outcomes such as smart borders, security studies would benefit from adopting a compositional outlook on agency, where action is seen as the effect of associated entities. Looking at the smartening of EU borders, the article finds that this process is held together by multiple translations and enrolments through which the technical side of dataveillance – platforms, automated gates, matching systems, and so forth – has become associated with the processes of policymaking on border security and sustains the furtherance of mass dataveillance.

Many developing countries have relied on foreign direct investment as a primary means to acquire technologies. However, there has been inadequate empirical research on the nexus between foreign direct investment and the transfer of environmentally sound technology (EST), specifically focused on African countries. In this paper I explore whether inward foreign direct investment in Angola's energy sector has indeed transferred ESTs. My study encompasses illustrative case studies specifically related to energy firms, and the data were drawn from literature and in-depth individual interviews. The results indicate that Angola has used its national policy framework and institutions to promote inward foreign direct investment, and has harnessed appropriate international regimes to acquire ESTs. Countries may therefore invoke sovereignty principles enshrined in constitutional provisions, or may utilise international regimes to attract ESTs through foreign direct investment. I recommend that further studies be conducted to explore this subject area, drawing examples from other African countries and differing economic sectors. ; http://www.sajs.co.za ; am2016 ; Political Sciences

SummaryS. Liman. History of Reformation and Religion Wars in the Studies of Medievists in Ukrainian Lands of Russian Empire, 1805–First Half of 1880s.Ukrainian medievists in 1805–first half of 1880s made a substantial contribution into the study of history of Reformation and Religion Wars. They studied the course of Reformation movement in several European countries: Germany, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Poland. The most outstanding results were attained by M. N. Petrov (history of the Great Farmers' War in Germany), I. V. Luchitskiy (history of Reformation and Religion Wars in France), N. N. Lyubovich (history of Reformation in Poland). These studies met the level of their contemporary science, many of their findings preserving scientific value up to our days. The attempts of Ukrainian medievists to treat the history of Reformation first of all in socioeconomic and political aspects must be considered a progressive trend for that time. This trend was an evidence of advanced positivist methodology affecting the Ukrainian historiography since the middle of 19th century.

The study of political activism has grown significantly within the last fifty years. Political participation was always the cornerstone of research in political science, but the advent of comparative political behavior studies and quantitative analysis has paved the way for data-driven investigations of who votes, why people participate and what types of political activities citizens prefer. This article is an introduction to the main scholarship in political participation studies, its evolution since the beginning, the shift in focus from conventional activism to unconventional engagement, up to the most recent innovation of digital participation. The political behavior field has showed how citizens are not necessarily prepared to be polit-ical animals, how political interest and opportunities play a role in the levels of participation recorded and how individuals may choose newer, confrontational modes of political expression that better fit their needs. In the end, the entire development of this field of research highlights once more the relevance of political action, especially with regards to how participation has changed in Europe, over time and across borders.

Owing to an editorial oversight, the citation and reference for Piplani and Talmadge (2015) was deleted twice on page 307 of the May 2015 issue ofAmerican Political Science Review. The citations should read as follows:In this context, it is useful to consider the empirical results of two studies that find that the probability of coups is lower if the country is involved in a war (Piplani and Talmadge, 2015) and even in a crisis (Arbatli and Arbatli, 2014). The explanatory mechanisms these studies offer are different (although not necessarily incompatible): Piplani and Talmadge (2015) argue that when the military is engaged in a war there are fewer opportunities for a coup and more uncertainty about who will join it, whereas Arbatli and Arbatli (2014) argue that crises allow rulers to commit credibly to transfers to the military and to generate rally-around-the-flag effects.Also, owing to a printer's error on page 305, Qaddafi is misspelled as Qaddaf.We regret these errors.

Owing to an editorial oversight, the citation and reference for Piplani and Talmadge (2015) was deleted twice on page 307 of the May 2015 issue ofAmerican Political Science Review. The citations should read as follows:In this context, it is useful to consider the empirical results of two studies that find that the probability of coups is lower if the country is involved in a war (Piplani and Talmadge, 2015) and even in a crisis (Arbatli and Arbatli, 2014). The explanatory mechanisms these studies offer are different (although not necessarily incompatible): Piplani and Talmadge (2015) argue that when the military is engaged in a war there are fewer opportunities for a coup and more uncertainty about who will join it, whereas Arbatli and Arbatli (2014) argue that crises allow rulers to commit credibly to transfers to the military and to generate rally-around-the-flag effects.Also, owing to a printer's error on page 305, Qaddafi is misspelled as Qaddaf.We regret these errors.