Suchergebnisse

The European Union (EU) aims to put Europe on track toward a low-carbon economy. In this striking challenge, the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has been singled out as the Union's key climate policy instrument, ultimately aimed as a model for a global carbon market. The learning effect of the EU ETS could thus be tremendous. This study explores how the EU ETS actually works on the ground, affecting corporate climate strategies. It covers general sector responses as well as systematic comparative studies of companies across the sectors. The latter enables improved understanding of causal effects and the role of interaction between different policy instruments and other factors that impact corporate climate strategies. The study explores a broad set of mechanisms at play potentially linking the EU ETS to company climate strategies. These include how corporate norms of responsibility are affected by the EU ETS and how economic incentives provide opportunities for innovation. The book's main contribution lies in its systematic examination of corporate responses to the EU ETS from a broad empirical and analytical social science perspective covering companies in all main EU ETS sectors: electric power, oil, cement, steel and pulp and paper

This book addresses the meanings and implications of multilingualism and its uses in a context of rapid changes, in Europe and around the world. All types of organisations, including the political institutions of the European Union, universities and private-sector companies must rise to the many challenges posed by operating in a multilingual environment. This requires them, in particular, to make the best use of speakers' very diverse linguistic repertoires.The contributions in this volume, which stem from the DYLAN research project financed by the European Commission as part of its Sixth Framework Programme, examine at close range how these repertoires develop, how they change and how actors adapt skilfully the use of their repertoires to different objectives and conditions. These different strategies are also examined in terms of their capacity to ensure efficient and fair communication in a multilingual Europe.Careful observation of actors' multilingual practices reveals finely tuned communicational strategies drawing on a wide range of different languages, including national languages, minority languages and lingue franche. Understanding these practices, their meaning and their implications, helps to show in what way and under what conditions they are not merely a response to a problem, but an asset for political institutions, universities and business.

List of Figures and Tables Series Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Table of Statutes PART I: INTRODUCTION Preamble Municipal Policing Defined Research Method Model Components In the Future PART II: A BRIEF HISTORY European Union EU Police History Policing in Troubled Times Policing the Municipal PART III: MUNICIPAL POLICING IN THE EU Municipal Policing Municipal Policing in the UK Contrary View of Municipal Policing PART IV: COMMUNITY POLICING IN THE EU Defining Community Policing Community Policing in Established Democracies Community Policing in Times of Austerity Community Policing in Para-military Environments Community Policing and Terrorism Community Policing in Eastern Europe Strategic Community Policing PART V: CIVILIANISATION, PRIVATE SECURITY AND AUXILIARIES IN THE EU Civilianising the Police Civilianisation of Policing Private Security Services Auxiliaries and Wardens Special Constabulary and Volunteers PART VI: SURVEILLANCE IN THE EU Privacy CCTV in the EU DNA Fingerprints Crime Information Migrant Surveillance PART VII: POLICE GOVERNANCE IN THE EU Police Governance New Accountabilities Role of Mayor Police Complaints PART VIII: POLICE AND POLITICS IN THE EU Politics in the EU Police and Politics Democratic Policing Local Government Civil Society Migration in the EU Central Eastern European PART IX: FUTURE OF MUNICIPAL POLICING IN THE EU Bibiliography Index

"This book analyses the rapidly increasing role of African states, leaders and other political actors in international politics in the 21st Century. In contrast to the conventional approach of studying how external actors impacted on Africa's international relations, this book seeks to open up a new approach, focusing on the impact of African political actors on international politics. It does this by analysing African agency - the degree to which African political actors have room to manoeuvre within the international system and exert influence internationally, and the uses they make of that room for manoeuvre. Bringing together leading scholars from Africa and Europe to explore the role and conception of African Agency, this book addresses a wide range of issues, from relations with western and non-western donors, Africa's role in the UN and World Trade Organisation, negotiations over climate change, trade agreements with the European Union, regional diplomatic strategies, the character and extent of African state agency, and agency within corporate social responsibility initiatives. African Agency in International Politics will be of interest to scholars and students of Africa's international relations, African politics, development, geography, diplomacy, trade, the environment, political science and security studies."--Publisher's website.

"The European Union (EU) aims to put Europe on track toward a low-carbon economy. In this striking challenge, the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has been singled out as the Union's key climate policy instrument, ultimately aimed as a model for a global carbon market. The learning effect of the EU ETS could thus be tremendous. This study explores how the EU ETS actually works on the ground, affecting corporate climate strategies. It covers general sector responses as well as systematic comparative studies of companies across the sectors. The latter enables improved understanding of causal effects and the role of interaction between different policy instruments and other factors that impact corporate climate strategies. The study explores a broad set of mechanisms at play potentially linking the EU ETS to company climate strategies. These include how corporate norms of responsibility are affected by the EU ETS and how economic incentives provide opportunities for innovation. The book's main contribution lies in its systematic examination of corporate responses to the EU ETS from a broad empirical and analytical social science perspective covering companies in all main EU ETS sectors: electric power, oil, cement, steel and pulp and paper."--Publisher's website.

"For most Americans, the Revolution's main achievement is summed up by the phrase 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.' Yet far from a straightforward attempt to be free of Old World laws and customs, the American founding was also a bid for inclusion in the community of nations as it existed in 1776. America aspired to diplomatic recognition under international law and the authority to become a colonizing power itself. The Revolution was an international transformation of the first importance. To conform to the public law of Europe's imperial powers, Americans crafted a union nearly as centralized as the one they had overthrown, endured taxes heavier than any they had faced as British colonists, and remained entangled with European Atlantic empires long after the Revolution ended. No factor weighed more heavily on Americans than the legally plural Atlantic where they hoped to build their empire. Gould follows the region's transfiguration from a fluid periphery with its own rules and norms to a place where people of all descriptions were expected to abide by the laws of Western Europe -- 'civilized' laws that precluded neither slavery nor the dispossession of Native Americans."--Jacket

Preliminary Material -- Politics and Resentment: Examining Antisemitism and Counter-Cosmopolitanism in the European Union and Beyond /Lars Rensmann and Julius H. Schoeps -- Is There a "New European Antisemitism?" Public Opinion and Comparative Empirical Research in Europe /Werner Bergmann -- "Against Globalism": Counter-Cosmopolitan Discontent and Antisemitism in Mobilizations of European Extreme Right Parties /Lars Rensmann -- Antisemitism and Anti-Americanism: Comparative European Perspectives /Andrei S. Markovits -- Playing the Nazi Card: Israel, Jews, and Antisemitism /Paul Iganski and Abe Sweiry -- The Empire Strikes Back: Antisemitism in Russia /Stella Rock and Alexander Verkhovsky -- Hatred towards Jews as a Political Code? Antisemitism in Hungary /András Kovács -- The Resilience of Tradition: Antisemitism in Poland and the Ukraine /Ireneusz Krzemiński -- Beyond the Republican Model: Antisemitism in France /Jean-Yves Camus -- The Liberal Tradition and Unholy Alliances of the Present: Antisemitism in the United Kingdom /Michael Whine -- Political Cultures of Denial? Antisemitism in Sweden and Scandinavia /Henrik Bachner -- Erosion of a Taboo: Antisemitism in Switzerland /Christina Späti -- Anti-Jewish Guilt Deflection and National Self-Victimization: Antisemitism in Germany /Samuel Salzborn -- Between Neo-Fascism, "Anti-Fascism," and Anti-Zionism: Antisemitism in Italy /Emanuele Ottolenghi -- Rethinking Antisemitism, Counter-Cosmopolitanism, and Human Rights in the Global Age: A Political Crisis of Postmodernity? /Lars Rensmann -- Index -- Jewish Identities in a Changing World.

Climate change poses one of the biggest challenges facing humankind. The European Union (EU) has developed into a leader in international climate change politics although it was originally set up as a 'leaderless Europe' in which decision-making powers are spread amongst EU institutional, member state and societal actors. The central aim of this book, which is written by leading experts in the field, is to explain what kind of leadership has been offered by EU institutional, member state and societal actors. Although leadership is the overarching theme of the book, all chapters also address ecological modernisation, policy instruments, and multi-level governance as additional main themes. The book chapters focus on the Commission, European Parliament, European Council and Council of Ministers as well as member states (Britain, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain) and societal actors (businesses and environmental NGOs). Additional chapters analyse the EU as a global actor and the climate change policies of America and China and how they have responded to the EU's ambitions. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of environmental politics, EU politics, comparative politics and international relations as well as to practitioners who deal with EU and/or climate change issues.

Interdisciplinarity.Women's studies /Mary Maynard --Area studies /Ella Shohat --Postcolonial scholarship /Inderpal Grewal and Caren Kaplan --Queer studies /Judith HalberstamRe-positionings.Epistemologies /Laura Hyun Yi Kang --Genetic sex /Amde M'Charek --Lived body versus gender /Iris Marion Young --Masculinity /Toby Miller --Heterosexuality /Lorraine NencelJurisdictions.Nation /Lois A. West --Law /Katherine Franke --Policy /Carol Lee Bacchi --Domestic violence /Madelaine Adelman --Genocide and ethnic cleansing /Jennifer Hyndman --Crime --Tony JeffersonNonconformity.Science and technology/Sandra Harding --Prostitution and sex work studies/Kamala Kempadoo --Global social movements /Nitza Berkovitch and Sara Helman --Arab women : beyond politics /Ratiba Hadj-MoussaMobility.Development under globalization /Enakshi Dua --Migration and refugees /Cecilia Menj¡varClass and globalization /Abigail B. Bakan --Unions : resistance and mobilization /Linda Briskin --Corporate masculinity /Agneta H. Fischer and Annelies E.M. van VianenFamiliality.Family and Culture in Africa /Ifi Amadiume --The Caribbean family? /D. Alissa Trotz --Family and household in Latin America /Nina Laurie --Family in Europe /Joanna RegulskaPhysicality.Reproduction /Laura Shanner --Disability /Anita Silvers --Health /Lesley Doyal --Sport /Martha SaavedraSpace.Environment and sustainable development /Irene Dankelman --Space and cultural meanings /Tovi Fenster --Architecture and planning /Mona Domos --Museums /Ellen Fernandez-SaccoReflectivity.Ethics /Vikki Bell --Religion /Pamela Dickey Young --Discourse /Ruth Wodak --The violence of gender /Mieke Bal.

'Censorship' has become a fashionable topic, not only because of newly available archival material from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, but also because the 'new censorship' (inspired by the works of Foucault and Bourdieu) has widened the very concept of censorhip beyond its conventional boundaries. This volume uses these new materials and perspectives to address the relationship of censorship to cultural selection processes (such as canon formation), economic forces, social exclusion, professional marginalization, silencing through specialized discourses, communicative norms, and other forms of control and regulation. Two articles in this collection investigate these issue theoretically. The remaining eight contributions address the issues by investigating censorial practice across time and space by looking at the closure of Paul's playhouse in 1606; the legacy of 19th century American regulations and representation of women teachers; the relationship between official and samizdat publishing in Communist Poland; the ban on Gegenwartsfilme (films about contemporary society) in East Germany in 1965/66; the censorship of modernist music in Weimar and Nazi Germany; the GDR's censorship of jazz and avantgarde music in the early 1950s; Aesopian strategies of textual resistance in the pop music of apartheid South Africa and in the stories of Mario Benedetti.

A committed communist and a tireless con man, Lenin's friend and the Soviet Union's most persuasive myth-maker, Willy Munzenberg changed the course of European history. Willy Munzenberg - an Old Bolshevik who was also a self-promoting tycoon - became one of the most influential communist operatives in Europe between the World Wars. He created a variety of front groups that recruited well-known political and cultural figures to work on behalf of the Soviet Union and its causes, and he ran an international media empire that churned out enormous amounts of propaganda and raised money for Communist concerns. Sean McMeekin tells Munzenberg's story, arguing that his financial chicanery and cynical propaganda efforts weakened the non-communist left, enraged the right and helped feed a cycle that culminated in Nazism. Drawing extensively on recently opened Moscow archives, McMeekin describes how Munzenberg parlayed his friendship with Lenin into a personal fortune and how Munzenberg's mysterious financial manipulations outraged social democrats and lent rhetorical ammunition to the Nazis. His book sheds light on comintern finances, propaganda strategy, the use of front organizations to infiltrate non-communist circles and the breakdown of democracy in the Weimar republic.

"The postal sector is a multi-billion dollar set of activities that touches billions of lives daily and continues to be one of the world's largest employers. Until recently all Posts were monopolies owned by governments in order to maintain a universal postal service. However, in response to technological and international competition as well as public disenchantment with postal subsidies and inefficiencies, governments have embraced a range of new strategies." "In The Politics of Postal Transformation Robert Campbell investigates and analyses the most important policy innovations in recent years as countries struggle to create a postal regime that matches domestic political expectations with international and technological realities. Through extensive interviews with numerous key government, regulatory, postal, and union officials in North America, Europe, and Australasia, he identifies four models or strategies, each reflecting particular national characteristics and ambitions: from privatization (Netherlands, Germany) and deregulation (Finland, Sweden, New Zealand) to increased national support (France) and mixed strategies (UK, Australia)." "Campbell's comparative analysis provides a backdrop for a set of recommendations for policy makers and lays the foundation for informed speculation about future international postal developments and the possible domination of the system by a select group of postal behemoths."--Jacket.

"The important role women play in the process of migration to the Western bloc - and in particular to Southern Europe where they often find jobs in the domestic service, tourist or sex industries - has been increasingly recognized. This timely book provides essential new insights into the forms of migration and the impact of gender relations on the migration and accommodation process, and also raises general conceptual issues about ways of understanding migration in a global context. At a time when all the member states of the European Union have called for a reduction in immigration in response to its steady growth, the urgency of the topic is apparent. Contributors examine the possible legal, social and economic problems that increased immigration may produce, including: - female migration and its relation to changing gender relations in the country of migration; - different forms of exclusion faced by male and female migrants; working conditions and status; - migrant networks; - and women's role in reproducing and maintaining ethnic culture. This book will be essential reading for courses in migration, nationalism, Mediterranean and area studies, gender studies and a range of social science courses. It will also be of use to policy makers and those interested in European developments."--Bloomsbury Publishing

How is access to asylum and other forms of extraterritorial protection regulated in the European Union? Is the EU acquis in these areas in conformity with international law? Which tools does international law offer to solve collisions between both? And, finally, is law capable of bridging the foundational oppositions embedded in migration and asylum issues? This work combines the potential of legal formalism with an analytical framework drawing on political theory. It analyses the argumentative strategies used by international lawyers, and developed them further, exploiting the interpretative methodology of international law as well as elaborate discrimination arguments. The author concludes that deflecting protection seekers by means of visa requirements may constitute a violation of the European Convention of Human Rights, and that the prescriptions of international law oblige Member States to apply the Dublin Convention and the Spanish Protocol in a manner emptying it of its main control functions. The author also shows that burden-sharing remains the pivotal element in the normative dynamics behind the EU acquis, and explains why the European Court of Human Rights must be regarded as the only transnational forum for the legitimate negotiation of asylum in Europe.

With the abolition of exchange rates the role of wage formation in the European Monetary Union changes fundamentally and national economic policy in particular fiscal policy faces new restrictions. These are analysed in the first two chapters. A major impact is expected for wage formation. To achieve a convergence of economic developments wage finding has to follow in all EMU member countries basically the same rules. An empirical investigation using econometric methods show that this is presently not yet the case. In particular in the southern European countries wage finding is different from that in the rest of the EMU. Frequently the introduction of Euro is perceived as a signal to lower wages all over Europe to overcome the dismal employment situation. The book addresses the question whether such a race for lower wages is appropriate in terms of employment creation. Theoretical considerations as well as simulations on an econometric multi country model lead to the conclusion that to enhance growth and employment a productivity oriented wage strategy is advisable, a strategy already followed in particular in Austria, the Netherlands and Germany. In this case distorting changes of competitiveness not based on innovative successes are avoided and at the same time domestic European demand is stabilised