Suchergebnisse

There is a long history of state ownership of industry in Europe. Since the 1980s, however, privatization has been promoted by economists as the solution to difficulties experienced in managing state-owned enterprises. This study reviews privatization in each of the member states of the European Union. It identifies differences in the levels of privatization activity between countries. It also emphasizes four reasons for the level of interest in privatization within the EU at the present time, with expected economic efficiency gains being but one reason. The study then explains why privatization may not lead to efficiency gains because of the form privatization is taking and the nature of capital markets within the EU. Finally, the study distinguishes between economic efficiency gains and social welfare. Privatization implies a redistribution of income and wealth and therefore of economic power.

European integration efforts are on the brink of collapse. In its current state, the European Monetary Union is unintentionally acting more as a dis-integration factor than as a unifying element. Dirk Meyer provides descriptions, analyses and background information on the current crisis. The book is the result of more than ten years of work on the subject. The content Why is the policy of no alternatives so dangerous? What does "crisis policy" mean and why do its consequences have a disintegrative effect? What are the costs of the low interest rate policy? How much debt relief did Greece really get? To what extent do additional money emitted by the national central banks and the ECB's bond-purchasing programmes endanger the unity of the monetary union? Vol. II: Scenarios for the Future of the Euro.

International audience ; Since the end of the Cold War (1990), the enlargements of NATO and the European Union have not been zero-sum games. The integration of new Member States partially modifies the European Union and its relation to NATO. France is redefining its posture within NATO, hoping to put a brake on the development of the Europe of defense that it must first present. It will then be necessary to characterize relations between the United States and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. This will give full meaning to the question of the return of France to the integrated command of NATO. Finally, we must ask ourselves whether the Lisbon Treaty is capable of building the foundations of a powerful Europe. ; Depuis la fin de la Guerre froide (1990), les élargissements de l'Otan et de l'Union européenne ne sont pas des jeux à somme nulle. L'intégration de nouveaux États membres modifie partiel-lement l'Union européenne et sa relation à l'Otan. La France redéfinit sa posture au sein de l'Otan, dans l'espoir de lever un frein au développement de l'Europe de la défense qu'il con-vient d'abord de présenter. Il sera nécessaire, ensuite, de caractériser les relations entre les États-Unis et les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale. Ce qui donnera tout son sens à la question du retour de la France dans le commandement intégré de l'Otan. Enfin, il convient de se de-mander si le traité de Lisbonne est à même de construire les bases d'une Europe puissance.

International audience ; Since the end of the Cold War (1990), the enlargements of NATO and the European Union have not been zero-sum games. The integration of new Member States partially modifies the European Union and its relation to NATO. France is redefining its posture within NATO, hoping to put a brake on the development of the Europe of defense that it must first present. It will then be necessary to characterize relations between the United States and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. This will give full meaning to the question of the return of France to the integrated command of NATO. Finally, we must ask ourselves whether the Lisbon Treaty is capable of building the foundations of a powerful Europe. ; Depuis la fin de la Guerre froide (1990), les élargissements de l'Otan et de l'Union européenne ne sont pas des jeux à somme nulle. L'intégration de nouveaux États membres modifie partiel-lement l'Union européenne et sa relation à l'Otan. La France redéfinit sa posture au sein de l'Otan, dans l'espoir de lever un frein au développement de l'Europe de la défense qu'il con-vient d'abord de présenter. Il sera nécessaire, ensuite, de caractériser les relations entre les États-Unis et les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale. Ce qui donnera tout son sens à la question du retour de la France dans le commandement intégré de l'Otan. Enfin, il convient de se de-mander si le traité de Lisbonne est à même de construire les bases d'une Europe puissance.

The European Union is developing as a community of uneven economic development of its members. On the one hand the economy of Western Europe and the Baltic Sea is classified into the leading world economies; on the other side, Central and Eastern Europe are now the economies in transition. This non uniformity of the European Union causes the various forms of intervention, financial and guiding, as for example: strategic documents. Their purpose is to raise the level of development and to narrow the gap between the economies in transition and the developed European economies. One intention of important strategic documents is to focus on the concept of regional development, strengthening of the local government and formation of the European model of development, which is based on affirmation of regional competitive advantages. The question is if it is possible and how to develop a model of regional development in the political, social and economic conditions which prevail in the transition economies. Taking into account the above, the purpose of this study is to analyse basic components of the factors, which affect the operating system of development and to valorise the basic factors of the model of regional development, which should be the cornerstone of the national economic development of all the member states. The research hypothesis posed is that strategic documents of the European Union constitute the key factor in the concept of regional economic development of the national economies of Europe. The research question which needs an answer is how the whole system of economic development, on the macro level works, and what prerequisites are necessary to ensure its functioning. Some economies in transition, such as the Croatian economy are trying to base their development on the legal framework, which should also work in the operating sphere of the economy. The question is whether it is possible. This study looks into this issue.

Agriculture posed considerable tensions for the processes of enlargement of the European Union, because of its continuing importance both in the economies of the applicant countries of Central and Eastern European countries which have joined EU on the 1st may 2004., and in the EU budget and acquits communautaire. The preparation of agriculture in the candidate countries to join the EU was rendered more complex by the fact that the Community's Common Agricultural Policy was a moving target. The aim of this paper is to show the bases elements of the Common Agricultural Policy, but also to provide a survey of recent developments relating to agriculture in the EU and new member states of the EU before their accession to EU and their preparation to access on the enlarged market, in order to indicate the main challenges and difficulties posed by enlargement. It seems likely that agricultural policy in the enlarged EU will attach increased priority to objectives such as rural development and the environment. However, these new priorities may be expensive to realize, and may impose a growing burden on the national budgets of EU member states.

The cross-border area between Albania and Macedonia can be considered as a region with agrarian or industrial-agrarian economy, although the overall picture should take into account significant contrasts within the region, between the two countries, but also between the southern and northern part, and between mountainous areas and lowlands. Agriculture, agribusiness, light industry, mining, energy production and tourism are the main economic sectors, which also have the biggest potential in the cross-border region. Both countries are gaining experience in EU funded cross-border cooperation programmes with other neighbouring countries and with each other. The scope of the research is the evaluation and analysis of the Integrated Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) Cross-border Cooperation (CBC) Programme Macedonia-Albania 2007-2013 and its sustainable development aspects. The research is trying to assess the impact of the programme since its start in 2007 and the impact of the implemented grants on the sustainable development. The importance of the sustainable development aspect is recognized and is formally included into various national strategic documents, however implementation is often problematic and sustainability aspects need to be examined on a more concrete level.The methodology used was qualitative with research tools such as desk studies of relevant program documentation, strategic and planning documentation and other relevant published materials. The desk review considered well over 40 documents relevant to the program, most of which were shared by the Ministry of European Integration (MoEI) and other actors. Keywords: cross-border cooperation, EU, evaluation, sustainable development. (Romanian Journal of European Affairs / SWP)

Most of the papers presented at the International Seminar on the European Union in World Politics, held at New Delhi during 21-22 May 2003