Suchergebnisse

After the first drafts of the Treaty of Lisbon were available outside of the small circle of cogniscenti, specialists of the various policies tried to establish whether the new Treaty on European Union (TEU) and Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) contained anything relevant for their specific areas of law. People interested in tax law and those interested in the relation between EU law and public international law quickly established that one familiar yet not always well understood part of the old EC Treaty was missing: The TFEU like the earlier draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, did not contain an equivalent to Article 293 EC – an Article regulating agreements between EU Member States on matters such as inter alia double taxation. In this chapter, I will embark on looking at the reasons and, more importantly, the effects of abolishing Article 293 EC in the current legal system. Several questions need to be addressed: Is there now a legal void? If not, was the initial article superfluous? What does its disappearance say about the future relation between double tax agreements concluded under public international law and EU law? The issue of double tax agreements in the context of the EU raises some fundamental questions about the complex multi-level legal world we are living in.

This volume assembles leading scholars from the continental and analytic schools to examine how their respective theoretical positions treat the artifactual nature of law. It explores what the claim that legal systems, norms, and institutions are artifacts, ontologically entails, and the consequences this has for philosophical accounts of law.

In 1974, the UN General Assembly defined "aggression" as the unjustified & thus unlawful use of military force by one country against another. The armed conflict in the Caucasus, initiated by the Georgian leadership in Aug 2008, exemplifies both an unlawful & a lawful use of military force. While only the UN Security Council may define a particular act as aggression, it is acknowledged that "the sheer use of force first entails the right to use force in response." In this case, Georgian troops premeditatedly attacked a Russian unit present in South Ossetia as part of the Joint Peacekeeping Force. Nonetheless, the nature of the Georgian attack & the extent of the Russian response have brought into question the viability & applicability of the limits on the legitimate use of force in international relations. This paper examines the case in terms of the absolute legitimacy of the letter of international law as defined in relevant Articles of the UN Charter. Adapted from the source document.

In Between Facts and Norms, Habermas articulates a system of rights, including human rights, within the democratic constitutional state. For Habermas, while human rights, like other subjective rights have moral content, they do not structurally belong to a moral system; nor should they be grounded in one. Instead, human rights belong to a positive and coercive legal order upon which individuals can make actionable legal claims. Habermas extends this argument to include international human rights, which are realised within the context of a cosmopolitan legal order. The aim of this paper is to assess the relevance of law as a mechanism for securing human rights protection. I argue that positive law does make a material difference to securing individual human rights and to cultivating and augmenting a general rights culture both nationally and globally. I suggest that Habermas' model of law presents the most viable way of negotiating the tensions that human rights discourse gives rise to: the tensions between morality and law, between legality and politics, and between the national and international contexts of human rights protection.

The best way in an effort to manage investment is by transplanting, adopting laws, harmonization by making breakthroughs to existing regulations, such as in the case of implementing the Job Creation Law. The Omnibus Law offered by the government as a "practical and pragmatic" solution is a political and legal policy to cut various regulatory barriers, to simplify bureaucracy, to accelerate services, to increase efficiency, to increase competitiveness, and to prevent opportunities for corrupt behavior. The government must evaluate this law (Job Creation) where there is still overlap without regard to regulations. The statement of the problem in this scientific paper is why there is a conflict of interest and regulations that are not in accordance with the laws and regulations? As normative juridical research, this research is based on an analysis of legal norms. The Omnibus Law is a political product. In the process of its discussion, the law resulted from a political process. The government must evaluate this law (Job Creation) where in the process of making it there is still overlap without regard to regulations.

Constitutionalism and the emergence of constitutional dialogue in Vietnam -- The emerging debate over constitutional review and enforcement in Vietnam -- Motorbike constitutionalism : the emergence of constitutional claims in Vietnam -- Economic law in the service of globalization : labor law and labor export from Vietnam -- Law, the press, and police murder : the trial of Lt. Nguyen Tung Duong -- Law and the regulation of civil society : nonprofit organizations, philanthropy, grassroots organizations, and the state -- Testing the limits of advocacy : the emergence of public interest law in Vietnam -- Donors, law and social justice in Vietnam : the uncertain promise.

The texts of two brief judgments by district judges at Bow Street are reproduced below. In each case, an application was made for proceedings against a serving foreign official to answer allegations in England of conduct which constituted crimes against international law which were within the jurisdiction of the English court, even though committed abroad and by non-UK nationals. In each case, the judge decided that the official was protected by the law of State immunity rationae personae against the proceedings and the applications were dismissed.