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The volume, Motivation, Language Attitudes and Globalisation: A Hungarian Perspective, written by Dörnyei, Csizér, and Németh, presents the results of a large survey on motivation in second language learning from over 13,000 Hungarian foreign language learners collected in three successive stages during 1993, 1999, and 2004. The objectives of this book were to provide a quantitative statistical analysis on the significance of the relationship between the socio-political changes in Hungary and the variety of interests among Hungarians in learning five foreign languages: English, German, French, Italian, and Russian. The informants were young teenagers selected nationwide and surveyed during an eventful, historical time in the country, that is, the 12-year transitional period when the nation went from restrained communism to an open, Western-style democracy. The fact that Hungary faced many difficult obstacles in a plethora of areas in its drive towards European Union membership makes this study particularly interesting. The various national, political, social, and personal motives of the Hungarians to choose and learn particular foreign languages are analyzed in this volume.

U.S.-based Internet service providers (ISPs) are faced with a dilemma when operating in countries with restrictive Internet speech laws: should they comply with these governments' demands for personally identifying information of Internet dissidents or respect their own country's dedication to free speech and refuse to comply? On behalf of Chinese dissidents who were imprisoned for violating Chinese speech laws, human rights advocates have invoked the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) in an attempt to hold ISPs accountable for their acquiescence with the Chinese government's demands. This Note examines one such case, Xiaoning v. Yahoo! Inc., and ultimately concludes that, while the issues presented in the suit are important, the ATS is not the proper vehicle through which to address them. The ATS, adopted in 1789, gives U.S district courts original jurisdiction over civil actions by aliens for torts committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States. In the Supreme Court's latest holding on the ATS, Sosa v. Alvarez, the Court set a high bar regarding what constitutes a violation of the law of nations, demanding specificity and acceptance by the civilized world. Moreover, the Court encouraged judicial restraint in recognizing new international violations due to the potential implications for the foreign relations of the United States, a lack of clear legislative guidelines, and other considerations. After Sosa, it is uncertain whether China's free speech restrictions and prolonged imprisonment would constitute violations of international norms with the degree of consensus required by the Sosa court, but the lack of certainty, along with the Court's emphasis on judicial restraint, would weigh in favor of courts not recognizing such a cause of action. Additionally, it is uncertain whether there is aiding and abetting liability under the ATS, and even if there is, whether complying ISPs would be liable under modern aiding and abetting standards.

New generic top-level domain names (gTLDs) are the highest level of domain names in the domain name system (DNS); their number has been restricted to twenty-two for several years, and ICANN has implemented restrictions on the ways in which they are operated. The new gTLD programme, proposed by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) in early 2013, enables businesses and organisations to apply for their own customised top-level domain names, thereby greatly expanding their current number. ICANN's move is the most recent controversial one in a subfield of DNS management and internet governance, already rife with political and economic controversies. What are the implications of this 'turn' to new gTLDs? This article attempts to outline them, and addresses the impact of the new gTLDs programme on Europe's action-taking in the internet governance realm. The article also considers the likely impact of the new programme on ICANN's governance and weight vis-à-vis other important internet governance actors.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- State of the Art -- Machine Learning Techniques for Renewable Energy Forecasting: A Comprehensive Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background of Forecasting Methods -- 2.1 Persistence Models -- 2.2 Physical Models -- 2.3 Statistical Models -- 2.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Models -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 Mapping Questions -- 3.2 Search Strings -- 3.3 Selection of Papers -- 3.4 Data Extraction -- 3.5 Analysis and Classification -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Overview of the Selected Studies -- 4.2 RQ1: In Which Years, Sources, and Publication Channels Papers Were Published? -- 4.3 RQ2: Which Research Types Are Adopted in Selected Papers? -- 4.4 RQ3: Which Contexts Are Targeted in Selected Papers? -- 4.5 RQ4: What Kinds of Renewable Energy Are Targeted in Selected Papers? -- 4.6 RQ5: Which Domain Fields Are Targeted in Selected Papers? -- 4.7 RQ6: Which Forecasting Task Research Was Used in the Selected Papers? -- 4.8 RQ7: Which Forecasting Period Was Considered in the Selected Papers? -- 4.9 RQ8: Which Machine Learning Models, Data Mining Tasks and Techniques are Used to Deal with Renewable Energy Forecasting? -- 5 Implications for Researchers -- 5.1 RQ1 -- 5.2 RQ2 -- 5.3 RQ3 -- 5.4 RQ4 -- 5.5 RQ5 -- 5.6 RQ6 -- 5.7 RQ7 -- 5.8 RQ8 -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Machine Learning for Green Smart Homes -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 A Little History -- 1.2 Where Are We Today? -- 2 Smart Green Homes -- 3 Home Energy Management -- 4 Big Data -- 5 Machine Learning Application to Residential Data -- 5.1 Machine Learning Algorithms -- 6 Energy Modelling -- 7 Use Cases -- 7.1 CENTS -- 7.2 BIM4EEB/BIMcpd -- 7.3 H2020: InterConnect -- 7.4 Retrokit -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Artificial Intelligence Based Smart Waste Management-A Systematic Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background.

Depression among teenagers occurs in high proportion and becomes more serious to deal with. Family factors play an important role in the formation of adolescent depression. To investigate the effects of family factors on the formation of adolescent depression, the present study reviewed the definition of depression and various family factors for adolescent depression, including parents' education level, socioeconomic status, parents' comparison, parental conflict, and parenting style. In addition, the relationship among those family factors was depicted and their interactions for the depression. Finally, some suggestions were provided for the prevention and recovery of adolescent depression. The present study emphasizes the family factors and summarizes their interactions, enriches the current findings to specific family fields, and provides some approaches to improve the high incidence of adolescent depression

5G aren't just about significantly improving network connectivity. It's a next-generation mobile network that promises to be a game changer in the way we live. The true breakthrough of 5G is the capacity of up to 1,000 5G connected devices per person. It covers all 7 billion people worldwide. One of the great expectations for the future is that not only will all humans be connected to the Internet, but most items of our lives will also be connected. With 5G, coverage will be improved, capacity will be increased, latency will be reduced, and data speed will significantly improve. Future 5G solutions will outperform current 4G mobile networks in several ways. Significant improvements in device density, transfer speeds and latencies, and a 90% reduction in power consumption are just a few of the 5G goals. On the other hand, the harmful effects of frequency radiation have already been proven. Even before 5G was proposed, dozens of petitions and appeals by international scientists, including the Flyberger appeal signed by more than 3,000 doctors, stopped the expansion of wireless technology and made new base stations. Requested a moratorium. Negative microbiological effects have also been recorded. Government regulators will consider deploying 5G, especially with the additional infrastructure needed to expand their networks. 5G deployments need to address both standard and advanced cybersecurity threats. It is the responsibility of the carrier and network consortium to provide customers with digital safety nets, except that customer complacency can be an issue as well.

Objective. We investigate adolescent membership in voluntary associations and whether participation in these activities influences voting behavior during early adulthood. Methods. Weighted logistic regression models predicting membership in voluntary associations and voting behavior were estimated using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988-1994 (NELS). Results. Our findings suggest that membership in voluntary associations varies by race and socioeconomic status (SES). In addition, membership in organizations historically rooted in moral development and civic socialization positively predict voter-registration status and whether or not young adults participated in the first national election that they were eligible to vote in, but this relationship is moderated by both race and SES. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that a large proportion of U.S. teenagers still participate in community-based programs, many of which foster later civic participation, but that all youth do not equally benefit from participation. (Original abstract)

Dieses englischsprachige Buch stellt Ergebnisse der Internationalen Frauenuniversität, Projektbereich Information vor. The book analyses the interdependence of knowledge, culture and information from a feminist perspective in a world of globalisation.

Появление новых концептуальных подходов и направлений в современной историографии, изменение содержания и источниковой базы по истории Великой Отечественной войны создали новые возможности для исследования истории повседневности, «человеческого измерения» войны. В рамках статьи военная повседневность рассматривается сквозь призму одного из сюжетов жизненного мира детей и подростков в милитаризованном пространстве реалий свободного времяпровождения. Повседневные практики этой социальной категории представляются наименее изученными в исторической литературе. ; The appearance of new conceptual approaches and trends in modern historiography, changing the contents and the source base on the history of the Great Patriotic War created new opportunities for the study of the history of everyday life, the "human dimension" of the war. As part of the article the war daily life is considered through the prism of one of the stories of the children's and teenagers' life in militarized space the reality of consolidated pastime. Daily practice of this social category is the least studied in the historical literature. Leisure activities occupied a significant place in the structure of everyday life of children and teenagers during the war. Its organization both for military and peacetime was formally regulated along with informal and personal time. Changes in the structure and filling the free time of students in a militarized space appeared in the content and the intensity of certain forms of leisure time, destructive tendencies, limited material and time resources. The greatest amount of free time of the younger generation was in the informal, unregulated practice of leisure, the solution of domestic problems and housework. Due to objective circumstances of the wartime the role of the family, educational, cultural and entertainment establishments in the life of children and adolescents significantly fell. Thus, during the war a street became the center of their "leisure routine," including asocial orientation. Free time proceeded among coevals; there was a formation of personality and values. Partly the formal structures responsible for leisure activities of students, in particular, hobby clubs, is a tool for their inclusion in the process of providing possible assistance for front and rear and give them the skills necessary in combat. At the same time unauthorized, individual leisure had a relaxing effect contributed to the displacement of negative emotions, lifting the state of anxiety and fear caused by military reality.