Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Longtemps occulté, le métissage concerne désormais tous les groupes en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Pour autant, il peine à devenir un élément unifiant les habitants pays. Pourtant affichée par les individus et idéal des discours publics, la catégorie de Métis ne s'associe pas à une communauté, a fortiori comme culture de créolisation Kanak / non-Kanak. Ceci au profit de catégories ethniques officialisées par les institutions et l'usage courant, devenues un instrument politique qui prolonge les clivages, occulte les dynamiques de recomposition des groupes ainsi que la complexité et la fluidité des identités individuelles. S'appuyant sur des enquêtes par entretiens, il s'agit de mettre en lumière les ambivalences liées à l'appartenance au pays chez les descendants d'Européens. Source de tensions, l'identité caldoche butte entre autres sur la reconnaissance d'un métissage associé à la domination européenne. Comment les personnes se situent, entre une affirmation identitaire défensive et une réflexion ouverte sur la complexité des appartenances ?

Les maires ont pu constituer jadis un groupe homogène, uni par le même type de relations bilatérales et verticales avec un partenaire dominant, l'État. Ces relations étaient typiques des rapports centre-périphérie asymétriques qui prévalaient dans les systèmes dits « napoléoniens » de gouvernement local. Pour les maires, elles se traduisaient par une subordination juridique au centre mais aussi par une grande capacité d'accès à ce même centre, via notamment le cumul des mandats. Ce système relationnel a volé en éclats au profit d'un autre, davantage multilatéral et dans lequel l'État a perdu le monopole des relations avec les maires. Ce système relève de ce que les spécialistes de l'Union européenne ont appelé « la gouvernance multi-niveaux ». Il est beaucoup plus ouvert, pluraliste, mais il est en même temps gros de logiques de différenciation et d'inégalités dans l'accès aux ressources. Les grandes métropoles et leurs maires-présidents sortent grands gagnants de ce système en voie d'émergence.

International audience ; Longtemps occulté, le métissage concerne désormais tous les groupes en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Pour autant, il peine à devenir un élément unifiant les habitants pays. Pourtant affichée par les individus et idéal des discours publics, la catégorie de Métis ne s'associe pas à une communauté, a fortiori comme culture de créolisation Kanak / non-Kanak. Ceci au profit de catégories ethniques officialisées par les institutions et l'usage courant, devenues un instrument politique qui prolonge les clivages, occulte les dynamiques de recomposition des groupes ainsi que la complexité et la fluidité des identités individuelles. S'appuyant sur des enquêtes par entretiens, il s'agit de mettre en lumière les ambivalences liées à l'appartenance au pays chez les descendants d'Européens. Source de tensions, l'identité caldoche butte entre autres sur la reconnaissance d'un métissage associé à la domination européenne. Comment les personnes se situent, entre une affirmation identitaire défensive et une réflexion ouverte sur la complexité des appartenances ?

Governments and non-profit organisations are once again turning to alternative cadres of health workers in an effort to accelerate health targets and address the severe global shortage of human resources for health. In low and middle-income contexts alike, a common approach involves the integration of community health workers (CHWs) into existing health systems. Rooted in self-determination theory and adopting a functionalist approach whereby apparent similar acts of volunteerism may reflect significantly different underlying motivations, this study explores the motives of volunteer CHWs taking part in a maternal and child health program in Bonthe District, Sierra Leone. Employing a longitudinal cohort design, it examines the realtionships between supervision, volunteer CHW motivation, work engagement and job satisfaction from CHW enrolment, through CHW training, and throughout their continued participation in the programme. ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

Amidst the transition from No Child Left Behind (NCLB) to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), the book, Political Agendas for Education: From Race to the top to saving the planet by Joel Spring has discussed issues such as the impact of Race to the Top, the influence of Teach for America (TFA), teacher evaluation and merit pay, Republican reaction and rejection of Race to the Top and the education agenda of the Obama administration, and the benefits reaped by the growing for-profit industry on the United States (U.S.) education system. Simultaneously, the 5th edition has comparatively analyzed Libertarian and Green Party agendas along with the main stream political agendas which have dominated education in the U.S. Furthermore, this book has highlighted aspects of education reform which emphasize environmental sustainability, social and educational equity and freedom with the goal of human and societal health and wellbeing.

Статья посвящена изучению политико-культурных факторов становления негосударственных некоммерческих организаций в России. Авторы, преодолевая западноцентристский научный подход к осмыслению третьего сектора, выявляют и анализируют ключевые для генезиса российского общественного сектора политико-культурные константы, такие как: идейная расколотость российского социума; демократическое идолопоклонничество как мировоззренческая традиция большинства представителей национальной интеллектуальной и политической элиты; особое отношение россиян к реализации социальных функций государством и общественностью. ; Article is devoted to studying of political and cultural factors of formation of non-state non-profit organizations in Russia. Authors, overcoming West centrist scientific approach to judgment of the third sector, reveal and analyze key for genesis of the Russian public sector political and cultural constants, such as: ideological amorphy of the Russian society; democratic worship idol as world outlook tradition of the majority of representatives of national intellectual and political elite; special relation of Russians to realization of social functions by the state and public.

Artists need economic base and financial support, either by individuals,
corporations, non-profit organizations or government institutions. Investing
in culture implies the provision of natural and human resources for artists
and cultural institutions, in order to achieve, in return, certain counter
services - generally improving the image. Those who want to influence the
world must offer to the society something healing and positive, such as
culture and art. These contribute to the vitality and mental health of
society in finding the sense of identity and the meaning of life in turbulent
times. Thus the benefactor eternalizes his name for future generations while
artists sometimes become a living advertisement of their patrons or sponsors.
In 2011, Ministry of Serbian Culture established the "Golden Wreath" award
for the contribution to the development of Serbian culture through
sponsorship and donations. This is the ideal form of support for the
existence and development of arts and classical music in Serbia.

AbstractWe use farm survey data and a damage control framework to analyze impacts of Bt cotton on yields and pesticide use in Pakistan. We also derive optimal levels of pesticide use with and without Bt, taking into account health and environmental externalities. This has not been done previously in the literature. Conventional cotton growers suffer from significant insect crop damage; they underuse pesticides from a profit-maximizing perspective. Yet, the picture is reversed when externalities are also considered. The social optimum of pesticide use is much lower than the private optimum, and both optima are lower with Bt than without this technology. Bt controls pest damage more effectively. Hence, yields on Bt farms are about 20 per cent higher in spite of lower pesticide use. Large pest damage is a typical phenomenon in developing countries. In such situations, Bt can contribute to productivity growth, while reducing pesticide applications and associated negative externalities.

What determines state participation in regulatory regimes? This article argues that if international regulation creates markets for new technologies, innovative companies support the ratification of the relevant regulatory treaties. Consequently, technological innovativeness should have a positive effect on regulatory treaty ratification. From the harmonization of telecommunication technology to pesticide regulation, many regulatory treaties create new product markets, so the argument applies to a variety of regulatory issues. This hypothesis is tested against data on the ratification of two major multilateral treaties for pesticide control: the 1998 Rotterdam Convention and the 2001 Stockholm Convention. Countries that are capable of biotechnology innovation are found to be more likely to ratify each treaty. The findings suggest that (1) technology innovation is key to regulatory treaty ratification and (2) constituency preferences for regulatory treaties are contingent upon expected profits from innovation. More broadly, the article emphasizes the importance of technological factors for international co-operation.

The 'new' sociology of culture has provided us with valuable insights regarding the performative, corporeal, and unpredictable dimensions of art tasting, which the 'old', critical sociology of art failed to recognize. But how can we profit from these insights without committing the sin of the denial of the social (and social structures in particular)? This article suggests that these insights may be incorporated into the critical sociology of art once we are ready to substitute reified tasting techniques for reified tastes as our main objects of study. Relying on works in anthropology, philosophy, history and neuroscience, I urge us to put tasting techniques at the heart of our research agenda in cultural sociology. This will enable us to simultaneously give full account of the subjective, unique art-tasting experiences which are informed by specific tasting techniques, as well as of the role the same techniques play in social reproduction and social closure.

With this research, it was aimed to investigate the factors that determine the investment decision of foreign investors in the Brazilian industry. Evidence shows that foreign investors are attracted not only by more productive and best performing sectors, but depending on the adopted strategy, they may choose investment projects in sectors that have lower performance levels which offer the potential for growth and the and improvement of efficiency levels and capacity. Granger causality test indicated that not only foreign investment gives more productivity gains, but also this productivity induces more foreign investment inputs. Foreign investors are also attracted by those sectors, which use their assets in an inefficient way in order to generate profits. These sectors may be attractive to foreign investors that want to invest in a more aggressive growth policy in order to get advantages on the availability of inefficiently used assets. These sectors may be also attractive targets to investors who seek to compete directly in relatively less competitive sectors.

ABSTRACTThis instructional case requires students to provide advice to a client who is currently the sole owner of a for-profit company that reconditions and sells used electronics. The client is considering purchasing a similar company with the vision of expanding into the sales and service of emerging technologies. The target company's unaudited financial statements contain questionable accounting choices and judgments that appear to enable the company to meet external financial reporting constraints. In their role as financial advisers, students are expected to use critical thinking skills to identify and evaluate questionable choices in the target company's financial statements. This case is suitable for use in introductory and intermediate financial accounting as well as introductory auditing and assurance courses, and can be used as a context for in-class discussion, as a basis for exam questions, and/or as a writing assignment. Assessment rubrics and Teaching Notes accompany the case for use by instructors.

AbstractThis paper offers a theoretical and empirical model of ecosystem-based fishery management. A multi-species and multi-fleet model integrating Lotka–Volterra trophic dynamics as well as production and profit assessments is developed and applied to the coastal fishery of French Guiana. This small-scale fishery constitutes a challenging example with high fish biodiversity, several non-selective fleets and a potentially increasing local food demand due to demographic growth. The dynamic model is calibrated with 13 species and four fleets using monthly catch and effort data from 2006 to 2009. Several contrasted fishing scenarios including status quo, total closure, economic and viable strategies are then simulated. They are compared from the viewpoints of both biodiversity preservation and socioeconomic performance, assuming fixed landing prices and fixed costs. We show that fishing outputs, including food supply and fleet profitability, can be sustained on average but a loss of species cannot be avoided.

Charities play a crucial role within society but are facing growing competition. Adopting a market orientation assists for-profit organisations to improve performance and can potentially also assist charities. This paper examines the under-researched topic of how market orientation can be appropriately introduced into a charity, and the resultant effect upon performance. A charity that introduced market orientation is examined using a discourse transformation framework. Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews of employees identifies how management changed the organisation through use of a three-phase process of new managerialism, professionalism and embedding. Few if any papers have previously examined how management of a charity can successfully implement a market orientation. The paper thus expands our knowledge regarding implementation of market orientation, utilises a discourse transformation framework for examination of market orientation, and provides charity managers with worthwhile information regarding how market orientation can improve performance – for the benefit of society.

Le recensement traditionnel, tel qu'il existe au Canada depuis 1871, peut être décrit comme une technologie de l'information consistant à soumettre, simultanément et périodiquement, tous les ménages d'un territoire donné à un questionnaire standardisé. Au cours des dernières décennies, plusieurs pays se sont éloignés de ce modèle au profit de nouvelles méthodes fondées sur l'exploitation de fichiers administratifs ou sur l'enquête continue auprès d'échantillons. En effet, dans certains pays, soit on a renoncé à interroger directement les ménages, soit on n'en interroge plus qu'un sous-ensemble. L'interrogation est plus fréquente (elle est souvent annuelle), mais elle peut aussi ne porter que sur une partie des ménages. À la suite de la décision prise par le gouvernement canadien de lever l'obligation de répondre au questionnaire long du recensement, il apparaît utile et important d'examiner et de discuter ces méthodes alternatives au recensement traditionnel et de supputer dans quelle mesure leur implantation au Canada est envisageable.