Suchergebnisse

In the mid-fourteenth century, the authorities of Florence resolved to establish registers of all the real properties within the Florentine dominion. A project, unprecedented in the Florentine history, to record and compile an inventory of estates was conceived. The article considers the circumstances behind the project, primarily the socioeconomic and political factors that drove the authorities' decision. Details are discussed regarding the selection of officials responsible for the project and the work they did. Analysis of the project in question enables to address certain specific issues of late medieval perception and rationalisation of urban and off-urban space. ; p. 45-78 ; In the mid-fourteenth century, the authorities of Florence resolved to establish registers of all the real properties within the Florentine dominion. A project, unprecedented in the Florentine history, to record and compile an inventory of estates was conceived. The article considers the circumstances behind the project, primarily the socioeconomic and political factors that drove the authorities' decision. Details are discussed regarding the selection of officials responsible for the project and the work they did. Analysis of the project in question enables to address certain specific issues of late medieval perception and rationalisation of urban and off-urban space. ; s. 45-78

Цель статьи – выявление мероприятий, которые определили становление государственных архивов Беларуси. Для достижения поставленной цели необходимо было решить ряд задач: 1) установить источники, содержащие информацию о собирании документальных комплексов, комплектовании документами централизованных государственных архивохранилищ и организации системы архивных учреждений; 2) определить круг лиц, принимавших участие в создании Центрального архива при Народном комиссариате просвещения БССР (Центрархива); 3) выявить комплекс нормативных документов, которые предшествовали первому закону об архивах БССР. Актуальность исследования определяется неразработанностью обозначенных проблем в белорусском архивоведении. Впервые вводятся в научный оборот источники о комплектовании первых государственных архивохранилищ, дается информация о фондах учреждений, сохраненных благодаря усилиям Д. И. Довгялло, Н. П. Шкляева, А. А. Савича, М. А. Вахаева. Раскрывается механизм передачи архивных комплексов в состав Центрархива, приводятся сведения об организационных и методических основаниях деятельности по организации архивной отрасли в БССР. Рассматривается деятельность подотдела охраны памятников старины и искусства отдела искусства Наркомпроса БССР и академического центра Наркомпроса БССР в качестве учреждений – предшественников Центрархива. Делается вывод, что деятельность Наркомпроса и самоотверженные усилия историков-архивистов стали также основанием для создания Национального архива Республики Беларусь, Национального исторического архива Беларуси. На основе выявленной информации предлагается уточнить историю архивных учреждений и пересмотреть даты их основания. В результате сравнительного анализа нормативных актов об архивах РСФСР и БССР выявлено сходство формулировок первоначальных редакций и теоретических установок, характерных для законопроектов первых нормативных актов об архивах. Заключается, что архивное дело в БССР формировалось под влиянием нормативных актов РСФСР. Однако практическая работа по сохранению архивов, их объединению в крупные комплексы и созданию в итоге сети государственных архивных учреждений в начале 1920-х гг. в БССР осуществлялась исключительно внутренними силами на основании нормативных правовых актов, издаваемых республиканскими органами управления. ; The purpose of the article was to identify the activities that determined the formation of the state archives of Belarus. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve several problems: 1) identification of sources containing information on the collection of documentary complexes, the acquisition of documents from centralized state archives and the organization of the system of archival institutions; 2) identification of persons who participated in the creation of the Central Archive of the People's Commissariat of Education of BSSR (Central Archive of BSSR); 3) identification of regulatory documents that preceded the first law on the archives of the BSSR. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of development of the problems identified in the Belarusian archival studies. The article for the first time introduces into the scientific circulation sources about the acquisition of the first state archives, provides information about the funds of institutions, saved thanks to the efforts of D. I. Dovgyallo, N. P. Shklyaev, A. A. Savich, M. A. Vakhayev. The mechanism of transfer of archival complexes to the Central Archive of BSSR structure is revealed. Information is provided on the organizational, methodological foundations of the organization of the archival industry in the BSSR. As the predecessor institutions of the Central Archive of BSSR, the activities of the subdivision of the protection of monuments of antiquity and art of the art department of the People's Commissariat of Education of the BSSR and the academic center of the People's Commissariat of Education of the BSSR are considered. It is concluded that the activities of the People's Commissariat of Education and the dedicated efforts of historians and archivists were also the basis for the creation of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus, the National Historical Archives of Belarus. Based on the information revealed, it is proposed to clarify the history of archival institutions and revise the dates of their establishment. As a result of a comparative analysis of the normative acts on the archives of the RSFSR and the BSSR, a similarity of the wording of the original editions and theoretical guidelines of the first normative acts on the archives was revealed. It is concluded that the archives in the BSSR was determined under the influence of the regulations of the RSFSR. However, it is noted that the practical work on the preservation of archives, their unification into large complexes and the creation of a network of state archival institutions in the early 1920s in the BSSR was carried out exclusively by internal forces, on the basis of normative legal acts issued by republican government bodies. = Мэта артыкула – выяўленне мерапрыемстваў, якія вызначылі станаўленне дзяржаўных архіваў Беларусі. Для дасягнення пастаўленай мэты неабходна было вырашыць шэраг задач: 1) вызначыць крыніцы, якія змяшчаюць інфармацыю аб збіранні дакументальных комплексаў, камплектаванні дакументамі цэнтралізаваных дзяржаўных архівасховішчаў і ўтварэння сістэмы архіўных устаноў; 2) вызначыць асоб, якія прымалі ўдзел у стварэнні Цэнтраль нага архіва пры Народным камісарыяце БССР (Цэнтрархіва); 3) выявіць комплекс нарматыўных дакументаў, якія папярэднічалі першаму закону аб архівах БССР. Актуальнасць даследавання вызначаецца нераспрацаванасцю акрэсленых праблем у беларускім архівазнаўстве. Упершыню ўводзяцца ў навуковы абарот крыніцы аб камплектаванні першых дзяржаўных архівасховішчаў, даецца інфармацыя аб фондах устаноў, захаваных дзякуючы намаганням Д. І. Даўгялы, М. П. Шкляева, А. А. Савіча, М. А. Вахаева. Раскрываецца механізм перадачы архіўных комплексаў у склад Цэнтрархіва. Прыводзяцца звесткі аб арганізацыйных, метадычных падставах дзейнасці па арганізацыі архіўнай галіны ў БССР. У якасці ўстаноў – папярэднікаў Цэнтрархіва разглядаецца дзейнасць пададдзела аховы помнікаў даўніны і мастацтва аддзела мастацтва Наркамасветы БССР і акадэмічнага цэнтра Наркамасветы БССР. Робіцца выснова, што дзейнасць Наркамасветы і самаадданыя намаганні гісторыкаў-архівістаў сталі таксама падставай для стварэння Нацыянальнага архіва Рэспублікі Беларусь, Нацыянальнага гістарычнага архіва Беларусі. На аснове выяўленай інфармацыі прапануецца ўдакладніць гісторыю архіўных устаноў і перагледзець даты іх заснавання. У выніку параўнальнага аналізу нарматыўных актаў аб архівах РСФСР і БССР было выяўлена падабенства фармулёвак першапачатковых рэдакцый і тэарэтычных установак, характэрных для законапраектаў першых нарматыўных актаў аб архівах. Робіцца выснова, што архіўная справа ў БССР вызначалася пад уплывам нарматыўных актаў РСФСР. Адзначаецца, што практычная праца па захаванні архіваў, іх аб'яднанні ў буйныя комплексы і стварэнне ў выніку сеткі дзяржаўных архіўных устаноў на пачатку 1920-х гадоў у БССР ажыццяўлялася выключна ўнутранымі сіламі, на падставе нарматыўных прававых актаў, якія выдаваліся рэспубліканскімі органамі кіравання.

This article discusses the relation of the eminent Polish historian Władysław Konopczyński (1880–1952) to the newly established communist rule. As president of the Commission of History of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, the editor-in-chief of the Polish Biographical Dictionary, and one of the few internationally known Polish historians who survived the war, the old Konopczyński enjoyed much prestige among his colleagues and in the Polish academia in general. For this and the other reasons indicated in the paper, the communist authorities choose him as the symbol of the 'bourgeois' scholarship and decided to discredit him and get rid of his person. The paper presents the ways in which the government exercised pressure on the scholar and his colleagues, causing Konopczyński's resignation from all his posts, and depriving him the opportunities to teach and publish. Finally, the moral and practical results of this campaign on the historian's collaborators and colleagues are analysed. ; p. 159-189 ; 23 cm ; This article discusses the relation of the eminent Polish historian Władysław Konopczyński (1880–1952) to the newly established communist rule. As president of the Commission of History of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, the editor-in-chief of the Polish Biographical Dictionary, and one of the few internationally known Polish historians who survived the war, the old Konopczyński enjoyed much prestige among his colleagues and in the Polish academia in general. For this and the other reasons indicated in the paper, the communist authorities choose him as the symbol of the 'bourgeois' scholarship and decided to discredit him and get rid of his person. The paper presents the ways in which the government exercised pressure on the scholar and his colleagues, causing Konopczyński's resignation from all his posts, and depriving him the opportunities to teach and publish. Finally, the moral and practical results of this campaign on the historian's collaborators and colleagues are analysed. ; s. 159-189 ; 23 cm

This article analyzes the increasing in the supply and demand of the Education for Labor Force and Human Development, also called "non-formal education" by Decree 114 of January 15, 1996, prior to the issuance of the National Decree No. 4904, 2009. This kind of education has been continuously relegated in importance because its suggestive name. Not surprisingly, today most prominent and traditional universities and educative institutions in our country offer services at all educational levels to facilitate the enrollment of new students and/or trainees into educational processes giving them the opportunity of improving or evolving in their academic formation thanks to the so-called "propaedeutic cycles". It is necessary that the state, the Government authorities and the society, issue an appropriate policy and regulatory changes that conforms to reality and general public educational service needs. ; El presente artículo llama la atención sobre el incremento en la oferta y demanda de la Educación para el Trabajo y Desarrollo Humano, aquella denominada por el Decreto 114 del 15 de enero de 1996, anterior a la expedición del Decreto Nacional número 4904 de 2009, como "EDUCACIÓN NO FORMAL", relegada en importancia social por su denominación sugestiva. No en vano, en la actualidad la mayoría de las Instituciones Universitarias más prestigiosas y tradicionales de nuestro país ofrecen sus servicios en todos los niveles educativos, lo que facilita el ingreso de nuevos estudiantes y/o aprendices a los procesos educativos con la oportunidad de mejorar o evolucionar en sus procesos de formación académica gracias a los denominados "ciclos propedéuticos". Lo anterior demanda hoy – del Estado, de las autoridades competentes y de la sociedad – una transformación política y normativa pertinente, que se ajuste a la realidad y a las necesidades generales del servicio público educativo.