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In this thought-provoking book, leading experts explore why international entrepreneurship is important to the life sciences industry. From multi-disciplinary and cross-national perspectives, they question why international entrepreneurship scholars might usefully invest interest in research focused on one specific industry context. -- The book addresses contemporary challenges of relevance to life science firms and draws on leading-edge debates in international entrepreneurship research. Topics include: the nature of the born-global firm; the development of international capabilities and competencies; the role of local and international partnerships and alliances; competitiveness, opportunity recognition and orientation; and the role of specialized complementary assets in internationalization. It concludes by proposing an agenda for future research across the underpinning fields of innovation, entrepreneurship and internationalization. -- This book will prove a stimulating read for academics, students and researchers with an interest in international business, management and entrepreneurship, as well as for practitioners in the health professions or life sciences academics who are, or may become, entrepreneurs.

After several months of relative calm, a renewal of fighting has been reported in North East Yemen, a region in which is located the field hospital established by the International Committee of the Red Cross last November.

National sovereignty, defined as a nation's right to exercise its own law and practise over its territory, is a cherished norm in the modern era, and yet it raises great legal, political and ethical dilemmas. This study looks at the problems created by international intervention.

This article deals with the use of the euro in international trade, particularly as a unit of account. It seeks to analyze the evolution of the single currency in its essential facet of international currency, especially in the academic sphere, by examining the ideas and assumptions made by economists prior to the launch of the euro, right up to today's crisis. Although data regarding international trade invoicing are scarce, stylized facts reveal that the euro is a high and stable invoicing currency regionally, but not internationally. Indeed, the euro has failed to reach the status of vehicle currency: the euro is used only on specific markets where exporters are able to choose the currency of denomination. Moreover, since the euro was conceived in a neoclassical way, it is subject to institutional concerns, especially a lack of political support to foster a dynamics of internationalization. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with topical issues in international relations of the Russian Federation on the basis of the increased use of the ruble as the currency contracts and payments. The work shows the coordinated support of economic actors, public institutions of countries-partners. Collaborate with international teams, according to the author of the article, the implementation of economic programs of mutual interest and reinforces the trend of creating a multipolar world. The analysis of problems of development cooperation partners countries in the monetary sphere and shows that the main causes hindering greater use of domestic currencies are: hard currency regulation; a rare use of letters of credit and guarantees, which increases the financial risk operations; significant transaction costs; asymmetrical measures, currency regulation, burdening the mutual interests of the parties. To expand the use of the ruble in international relations author offers take into account a number of factors, including the need for a priority international currency contracts to perform the basic functions of money abroad is a measure of the value, means of payment and means of hoarding. The author's position is presented about the prospects of State institutional policy. In particular, the conclusion: the experience of Bulgaria, Romania, Albania has shown that the main task of the departments responsible for implementing the monetary policy should be the containment of inflationary pressures associated, including overdue contributions to the budget. A key priority in such circumstances is to support solvent and transparent banking systems, which are the basis for international cooperation.

«Nous savons que tout le droit international humanitaire résulte de l'équilibre entre le principe d'humanité — soit l'impératif qui pousse l'homme à agir pour le bien de ses semblables — et le principe de nécessité — soit le devoir des pouvoirs publics de conserver l'Etat, défendre son intégrité territoriale et maintenir l'ordre. C'est l'éternel affrontement de Créon et d'Antigone.

Der Aufsatz analysiert zunächst die Chancen für die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung, die mit einer Umstellung der Rüstungsindustrie auf Zivilproduktion verbunden sind, und geht dann auf die Probleme ein, die dabei bewältigt werden müssen. Abrüstung setzt internationale Entspannung voraus und würde erhebliche Ressourcen freisetzen, die in den friedlichen Fortschritt der Gesellschaft investiert werden könnten. Doch ist die Rüstungsindustrie technologisch und personell so spezialisiert, daß die Konversion bestimmte Maßnahmen voraussetzt (Umschulung der Arbeitskräfte, Bereitstellung von Absatzmärkten usw.). Diese Probleme lassen sich in einem planwirtschaftlichen System wie der UdSSR leicht lösen, wie die Erfahrung nach dem 2. Weltkrieg zeigt. In marktwirtschaftlichen Systemen können größere Friktionen auftreten, doch lassen sie sich durch entsprechende wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Programme durchaus lösen. (MH)

The Impossible Reform of the International Monetary System, by Pierre Jacquet
Long a mysterious domain reserved for experts, nowadays the workings of the International Monetary System frequently make headline news. Due to the unsteadiness which has characterised the System since the early 1980s, debate on the need for its reform has corne to the forefront, and a fairly general consensus has been reached on the desirability of returning to more stable exchange rates. However, the problem remains unresolved. Aside from the longstanding debate between those favouring fixed as against fluctuating rates, there is a new and urgent dimension, which should be taken into account, in international finance and money markets. This is the increased mobility of private capital resulting from the growing integration of financial markets, which is a source of greater interdependence between nations.