Suchergebnisse

Studies on the evolution of agricultural relationships focus on input substitution and ignore the impact and influence of social groups. However, the behaviour of these groups has important effects on the implementation of the legislation in different scenarios. We also focus on environmental factors and the interdependence between these factors and land distribution, such as occurs in the Agricultural Reform of the Spanish Republic. ; Los discursos que recogen los cambios de las relaciones agrarias no pueden reducirse a un sentido mecanicista de liberar factores de producción, la tierra o el trabajo, al margen de los grupos sociales; debe tenerse en cuenta la actuación de éstos para acomodar la legislación que viene de arriba a la práctica que se sigue abajo en cada caso concreto. Se llama también la atención sobre la importancia de los factores medioambientales y su posible conflicto con los temas de distribución de la renta, ejemplificados en el caso de la reforma agraria republicana.

The first periodical in Egypt to focus on women as both subject and audience, Al-Fatat (The Young Woman, 1892), heralded the founding by women of many periodicals for women in Egypt. The women's press emerged in a time of intense public debate concerning putative intersections of systemic gender relations and gender ideology with anti-imperialist nationalism: what would constitute "national" strength sufficient to assert, or force, an independent existence based on claims to autonomous nation-state status?1Women writing in the women's press, as well as in the mainstream—or "malestream"—press, shaped the debate over how gender did and should inflect social organization and institutional change.2 Equally, male intellectuals and politicians participated in a rhetoric of persuasion, edification, and ambition. When women and men wrote treatises on what was called the "woman question" (qadi¯yat al-mar[ham]a), articles in the women's press challenged,
debated, and refined the points of these treatises. Writers approached that fraught
"question" from another direction, too, establishing a thriving industry of conduct
literature that fed on translations of European works as well as original works by Egyptian and
other Arab writers. Books on how to behave as a proper father, a good mother, a fine son or
daughter, or a responsible schoolgoer went through numerous printings for a reading public
prepared by various rhetorics of nationalism, theology, and reform to bring this debate into
everyday life by following the guides for behavior that such literature—including essays in
the women's press—supplied.3