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Drawing the Line: Using Cartoons as Historical Evidence brings together essays from international scholars working with cartoons in their research and teaching. It is a showcase for some of the best recent scholarship in this field, with articles exploring racial and ethnic stereotypes, as well as representations of youth, gender and class across a number of key historical epochs. Cartoons are among the most vivid and familiar images of past politics and opinion, but tend to be used merely as 'illustrations' for historical works. Drawing the Line, however, provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of cartoons as sources in their own right. The British Regency Crisis, post-Civil War US politics, Anglo-Iraqi interaction in the Second World War, and Yugoslav Communist propaganda are just some of the themes through which the effective use of cartoons in historical writing is explored. Readers will also find guidance and suggestions for further research on cartoons in the extensive introductory and concluding sections. The book includes more than one hundred examples of the most brilliant cartoon art of the past, from eighteenth-century satirical prints, to the formalised satire of Punch, to the new and ever-evolving medium of webcomics. It will be an essential resource for students and teachers wanting to explore visual representations of the past, and will appeal to all readers interested in innovative ways of writing history.

At the core of social movements are distinctive collective behaviours—direct action such as demonstrations, meetings, strikes, marches, picket lines—that repeatedly mobilise large numbers of people in efforts to change the world. Radicals, as opposed to liberals, regard the activism of these kinds of struggles as crucial for fundamental social change, which can only come from below. The capitalist state is the main obstacle to the ultimate success of challenges to exploitation as well as racial, gender and other oppressions, all grounded in class relations. Marxists identify the working class as the only social agent with the capacity to destroy that obstacle. They seek to link social movements that challenge aspects of the capitalist order with each other and particularly with the workers' movement. This project requires a kind of organisation distinct from movements and also from parties and associations whose focus is on conventional politics. Such a party of activists, whose purpose is to intervene in and build social struggles does not currently exist in Australia, but steps towards building it can be taken today.

1. 'The convergence process in heritage tourism' / Alexandros Apostolakis (2003) -- 2. 'Abraham Lincoln as authentic reproduction : a critique of postmodernism' / Edward M. Bruner (1994) -- 3. 'Cultural politics or critical public history? : battling on the Little Bighorn' / Debra Buchholtz (2005) -- 4. 'Local uniqueness in the global village : heritage tourism in Singapore / T.C. Chang (1999) -- 5. 'Contesting places of memory : the case of Auschwitz' / Andrew Charlesworth (1994) -- 6. 'Coconstructing heritage at the Gettysburg Storyscape' / Athinodoros Chronis (2005) -- 7. 'Authenticity and commoditization in tourism' / Erik Cohen (1988) -- 8. 'Historical preservation and identity : the Alamo and the production of a consumer landscape' / Miguel De Oliver (1996) -- 9. 'Authenticity on the ground : engaging the past in a California ghost town' / Dydia DeLyser (1999) -- 10. 'Guarding authenticity at literary tourism sites' / Clare Fawcett and Patricia Cormack (2001) -- 11. 'Transforming tourism : black empowerment, heritage and identity beyond Apartheid' / S.C. Goudie, F. Khan and D. Kilian (1999) -- 12. 'Developing a framework for indicators of authenticity : the place and space of cultural and heritage tourism' / Tazim Jamal and Steve Hill (2004) -- 13. 'Culture and the state : manufacturing traditions for tourism' / Wai-Teng Leong (1989) -- 14. 'An unwanted past : contemporary tourism and the heritage of communism in Romania' / Duncan Light (2000) -- 15. 'Gazing on communism : heritage tourism and post-communist identities in Germany, Hungary and Romania' / Duncan Light (2000) -- 16. 'Staged authenticity : arrangements of social space in tourist settings' / Dean MacCannell (1973) -- 17. 'Affirming authenticity : consuming cultural heritage' / Alison J. McIntosh and Richard C. Prentice (1999) -- 18. 'Museums and the construction of national identity : a review' / Fiona McLean (1998) -- 19. 'Tourism, performance and social exclusion in "Olde York"' / Tom Mordue (2005) -- 20. 'Historic theme parks : an Australian experience in authenticity' / Gianna M. Moscardo and Philip L. Pearce -- 21. 'Contested religious heritage : differing views of Mormon heritage / Daniel H. Olsen and Dallen J. Timothy (2002) -- 22. 'Culture, identity and tourism representation : marketing Cymru or Wales?' / Annette Pritchard and Nigel J. Morgan (2001) -- 23. 'Aboriginal heritage art and moral rights' / Michael S. Simons (2000) -- 24. 'Maori cultural performances and tourism' / Ngaroma Tahana and Martin Oppermann (1998) -- 25. 'Remaking local heritage for tourism' / Peggy Teo and Brenda S.A. Yeoh (1997) -- 26. 'Authenticating ethnic tourism : Li Dancers' perspectives' / Geoffrey Wall and Philp Feifan Xie (2005) -- 27. 'Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience' / Ning Wang (1999) -- 28. 'Contested heritage at the Cape Town waterfront' / Nigel Worden (1996).

This comprehensive text presents a rigorous framework from within which regulators can respond strategically to the claim by the pharmaceutical industry that lower drug prices today lead to a loss for the population's future health due to less innovation. It starts with a critical review of the empirical evidence of the return to consumers on their ongoing investment into high drug prices in order to increase future innovation. The implicit, critical and unrealistic assumption inherent in these studies is identified, namely that the health budget can be expanded to purchase drugs at higher prices without an opportunity cost, for example, the foregone benefits of alternative investments in health care infrastructure. Price effectiveness analysis (PEA), is introduced. PEA informs the question of how the innovative surplus from the new drug should be allocated between the manufacturer and the consumer so as to optimise society's welfare. The method allows the decisions by the regulator and the firm to be analysed jointly by specifying the firm's production and revenue functions in terms of the clinical innovation of a new drug; the incremental effect used in the summary metric of cost effectiveness analysis. An economic value of innovation that takes into account opportunity cost under conditions of economic efficiency in the health system is proposed: the health shadow price. The limitations of the non-strategic methods that currently inform the highly contested new drug subsidy game are presented and the relative strengths of PEA are demonstrated. Health technology assessment quantifies both the clinical innovation of a new drug and its financial impact on the health system. Cost effectiveness analysis tests the relationship between the incremental cost and incremental effect of a new drug for target patients, at a given price. PEA tests the relationship between the price of a new drug and the health of the whole population, now and into the future. It achieves this by taking into account current inefficiency in both resource allocation and the displacement process, and the relationship between price and future innovation. Brita Pekarsky is a Senior Research Fellow at the School of Population Health, University of South Australia. Dr Pekarsky's research is in the areas of pharmacoeconomics, pharmaceutical regulation and Aboriginal health care financing. She received her PhD from the University of Adelaide, jointly in Economics and Population Health. Dr Pekarsky is on the Editorial Board for Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. She was a member of the Economic Subcommittee of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee from 1997 to 2013.

Some of the world's largest remaining populations of dugongs and marine turtles occur in Australia, and six of the world's seven species of marine turtle are found in these waters. Australian populations of dugongs and marine turtle species are under pressure from a wide range of human-related threats. All of these species are classified as threatened, either internationally, nationally or both. As such they are protected under Commonwealth, State and Northern Territory legislation. The opportunity to utilise these animals for commercial tourism comes with the responsibility to ensure that their use is not only sustainable in and of itself, but that such tourism also contributes actively to the conservation of the animals and the habitats on which they depend. The consultation and involvement of all stakeholder groups in the development and management of marine wildlife tourism is vital to ensuring its sustainability. For coastal Indigenous (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) societies the sea and coast are part of their traditional estates, for which they have inherited cultural rights of ownership and responsibilities for their management. Best Practice management of dugong and marine turtle tourism must therefore include recognition of this fundamental relationship between Indigenous people and their sea country. Best Practice Guidelines are presented within this Code of Practice to assist managers, tour operators and Traditional Owners engage with each other in a process of equitable negotiation, to ensure sustainable outcomes from the planning and management of dugong and marine turtle tourism in Australia. This Code of Practice consists of three parts: 1. PART 1 addresses the broader issues for the sustainable management of dugong and turtle tourism, with specific recommendations for implementation by local councils, protected area and wildlife managers and tour operators, with implications for Traditional Owners, researchers, conservation NGO's, local community members and other stakeholders. 2. PART 2 contains the Best Practice Guidelines for Engaging with Indigenous Traditional Owners in the Planning and Management of Dugong and Turtle Tourism. 3. PART 3 contains specific Codes of Conduct for tours operating in dugong and marine turtle habitat, and for specific types of interactions with these animals (i.e. aircraft, beach-based, vessel-based and in-water interactions). The provisions in these Codes of Conduct should be followed not just by dedicated dugong/turtle commercial tourism operators, but also by all users of beaches and coastal waters of northern Australia, wherever dugongs or marine turtles occur.

The focus of this project is to describe and analyse the submissions to the Senate Legal and Constitutional Reference Committee's inquiry into legal aid. Complexity of the legal system and cost of use of that system are barriers preventing people from using the legal system at their own accord. As ideas for civil rights and equality have expanded, the goal of giving all people, regardless of wealth, the right to use the legal system has come into existence. Legal aid is fundamentally a political issue and the resolution of the existing problems will require that the proponents and opponents can agree on the structure, goals, and clientele of legal aid (Abel, 1985). Australia has a mixed model of legal aid that utilizes charitable organizations, judicare services, and salaried lawyers. The Commonwealth funds legal aid for matters arising under federal laws and the States and Territories have the responsibility to fund legal aid for matters involving state/territory laws. Australia provides legal aid through the services of legal aid commissions (LACs), community legal centres (CLCs), and pro bono work by lawyers. The submissions made to the Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee inquiry identified some strengths of the Australian legal aid system. The strengths that are highlighted are:lawyers are providing a large amount of pro bono work and contingency fees have been beneficial to the legal community; the separation of indigenous legal aid and non-indigenous legal aid has been beneficial ; the expansion of legal aid offices is evident; the lack of funds has forced the system to be efficient with its delivery of legal aid; and the vast number of people that have volunteered for a CLC or LAC is notable. While some of the submissions identified some strengths of the current legal aid system, the vast majority of them identified problems with the system. The problems identified are: CLC's and LAC's inability to attract and retain staff; the geographical vastness of Australia makes it difficult to provide legal aid to people in the rural and remote areas of the country; there are areas of laws that are being neglected by the legal aid system; the current legal aid system has an inadvertent propensity to systematically make it harder for some social groups to get legal aid than others; the administrative tension between the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services; the inconsistent application and ineffectiveness of the legal aid guidelines across Australia; the growing number of unrepresented litigants; and the fact that pro bono work is filling a gap in the legal aid system. There are a number of ways to help with the issues identified in the submissions. The recommendations are: to unify the system by returning to a Commonwealth and State/Territory shared funding scheme, make the legal aid guidelines uniform across Australia, and increase the areas of law that are covered by legal aid; to refine the structure and communication between the bodies that provide legal assistance; to increase the use of technology through a national email address and offer "how to" information and legal forms on the Internet; to increase the data on the system; and to utilize law students. Legal aid is a complex social issue facing Australia that is interconnected with many social issues. As with most social issues, funding is one of the main concerns, and the Federal Government has not made it clear whether its goal is to minimize use of funds or to give aid to all who need it. Legal aid should not be minimized; it is one step to giving all people the same basic rights regardless of their economic situation.

South Pacific Museums: Experiments in Culture is a collection of outstanding analyses of museums in the South Pacific, written by cultural, museum and architectural critics, and historians. A series of snapshots introduce the reader to key museums in the region and longer essays explore these museums in broad terms. Over the last 50 years, museums have been regarded by many scholars and cultural critics as archaic institutions far from the cutting edge of cultural innovation. This judgement is being proved wrong across the globe, with innovative museums staking out new territory. Nowhere is this more striking than in the South Pacific where new and redeveloped institutions have included the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the National Museum of Australia, the Melbourne Museum, the Australian Centre for the Moving Image, the Museum of Sydney, the Gab Titui Cultural Centre in the Torres Strait, the Auckland Museum, the Centre Culturel Tjibaou and the Vanuatu Cultural Centre. South Pacific Museums make sense of these museums as part of the complex field of heritage, where national economies meet global tourism, cities brand themselves, and indigeneity articulates with colonialism. The effect is one of cultural experimentation. Part One, 'New Museums', introduces three different museums in distinctive national contexts – Te Papa, the Centre Culturel Tjibaou and the National Museum of Australia. Essays in this part grapple with the role of these museums in the nation at particular historical moments under specific political pressures. Part Two, 'New Knowledges', documents practices and exhibitions at the point of tension between indigenous and non-indigenous interests in the museum. Part three, 'New Experiences', explores the ways in which museums in the South Pacific are producing that ineffable cultural phenomenon – experience.

List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: Introduction- Heritage and Tourism -- Chapter 1. Heritage Tourism's History: Past as Prologue for the Anthropocene (Uzi Baram) -- Chapter 2. Archaeology Based Tourism: Engaging the Public (George S. Smith) -- Chapter 3. A Call for a Social Science of the Past and its Application to Heritage Tourism (Elizabeth S. Chilton) -- Chapter 4. The Partnership between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management (Hilary du Cros) -- Chapter 5. Conflict and Stability: The Potential of Heritage Tourism in Promoting Peace and Reconciliation (Dallen Timothy) -- Chapter 6. Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Development and the Future (Cornelius Holtorf) -- Part II: Introduction: Case Studies in Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism -- Chapter 7. Heritage Tourism and Native American Communities in the American Southwest (Joelle G. Clark) -- Chapter 8. Engaging Communities through the Knowledge Transmission of Heritage in Highland Pang Mapha, Norwest Thailand (Rasmi Shoocongdej) -- Chapter 9. Heritage Tourism Management Plan for Luxor, Egypt (Fekri Hassan) -- Chapter 10. Public Interpretations of Archaeological Sites in Thailand (Thanik Lertcharnrit) -- Chapter 11. Indigenous Exhibit at the Museum: A Device of Tourism to Bring Awareness to the General Public (Atsushi Nobayshi) -- Chapter 12. Tourism and Adverse Impacts at Angkor (Vanna Ly) -- Chapter 13. Environmental Shift and Multiple memories of Ritual Landscape: Boat Ritual as Making Culture Heritage of the Nangshi Amis (Yi-Tze Lee) -- Chapter 14. Exposing the Sacred - Ethno-tourism in Southeast Asia (Anna Karlstrom) -- Part III: Introduction: On the Ground Tools and Guidance for Cultural Heritage Tourism -- Chapter 15. The Impact of COVID-19 on Culture, Heritage and Tourism in Australian Aboriginal Communities (Claire Smith) -- Chapter 16. Heritage and Tourism Organizations in a Disrupted World (Ian Baxter) -- Tourism, Museums, and Ethics: Preserving Cultural Heritage for the Future (Chen Shen) -- Chapter 17. Climate Vulnerability and Building Adaptive Capacity for Cultural Heritage: Case Studies from US National Parks (Pei-Lin Yu) -- Chapter 18. The Role of Crisis Management in Cultural Heritage Tourism (Lori Pennington-Gray) -- Chapter 19. Heritage Tourism in Asia: A Double-Edged Sword and a Promise Unkept (William Chapman) -- Part IV: Introduction: Emerging Cultural Heritage Tourism: Challenges and Opportunities -- Chapter 20. The Power of Storytelling: Changing National Narratives, Collective Memories, and Cultural Heritage as Observed through Walking Tours in Taipei (Ashley Deng-Yu Chen) -- Chapter 21. Community Archaeology in Alexandria Virginia USA Sustainable Heritage Living & Tourism (Pamela J. Cressey) -- Chapter 22. When Value-Sets Collide: Finding Commonality in Tourism, Economic Development and Cultural Heritage Management (William H. Jansen II) -- Chapter 23. Cultural Heritage on University Campus: The Practice of Using Archaeological Sites for Development at SUSTech, China (Jigen Tang) -- Chapter 24. Development of Local Museums in the Lands Bordering the Straits of Melaka (John Miksic).

"The historical context of colonisation situates the analysis in Children, Care and Crime of the involvement of children with care experience in the criminal justice system in an Australian jurisdiction (New South Wales), focusing on residential care, policing, the provision of legal services, and interactions in the Children's Court. While the majority of children in care do not have contact with the criminal justice system, this book explores why those with care-experience, and Indigenous children, are over-represented in this system. Drawing on findings from an innovative, mixed-method study - court observations, file reviews, and qualitative interviews - the book investigates historical and contemporary processes of colonisation and criminalisation. The book outlines the impact of trauma and responses to trauma, including inter-generational trauma caused by policies of colonisation and criminalisation. It then follows a child's journey through the continuum of care to the criminal justice system, examining data at each stage including: the residential care environment; interactions with police; the provision of legal services; and experiences at the Children's Court. Drawing together an analysis of the gendered and racialised treatment of women and girls with care-experience in the criminal justice system, the book particularly focuses on legacies of forced removal and apprenticeship which targeted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and girls. Through analysing what practices from England and Wales might offer the NSW context and, the findings are enriched by promoting further reflection on how decriminalisation pathways might be imagined. While there have been many policy initiatives developed to address criminalisation, in all parts of the study little evidence was found of implementation and impact. To conclude, the book examines the way that 'hope tropes' are regularly deployed in child protection and criminal justice to dangle the prospect of reform, and even to produce pockets of success, only to be whittled away by well-worn pathways to routine criminalisation. The conclusion also considers what a transformative agenda would look like and how monitoring and accountability mechanisms are key to new ways of operating. Finally, the book explores strengths-based approaches and how they might take shape in the child protection and criminal justice systems. Children, Care and Crime is aimed at researchers, lawyers and criminal justice practitioners, police, Judges and Magistrates, policy-makers and those working in child protection, the criminal justice system or delivering services to children or adults with care-experience. The research is multidisciplinary and therefore will be of broad appeal to the criminology, law, psychology, sociology, and social work disciplines. The book is most suitable for undergraduate courses focusing on youth justice and policing, and postgraduates researching in this field"--

Chapter 1. Disaster risk reduction and resilience: Practices and challenges in Asia Pacific (by Rajib Shaw, Helen James, Vinod Sharma and Anna Lukasiewicz) -- Part 1. Governance -- Chapter 2. Policy learning for disaster risk reduction (by Stephen Dovers) -- Chapter 3. Na ara ahurea: Envisioning collaborative governance in disaster risk reduction in Aotearoa (by Christine M Kenney) -- Chapter 4. Improving multi-agency governance arrangements for preparedness, planning and response: implementing the integrated approach in Australia (by Alan Ryan) -- Chapter 5. Blackfella way, our way of managing fires and disasters bin ignored but 'Im still here': Australian Aboriginal governance structures for emergency management (by Bev Sithole, Dave Campbell, Steve Sutton, with contributions from Campion O., Brown C., Daniels G., Daniels A., Brian C, Campion J., Yibarbuk, D, Phillips E., Daniels G., Daniels K., Hedley B., Radford M., Campion A., Hunter-Xenie H; Sutton I., and Pickering S) -- Part 2. Education and Capacity -- Chapter 6. Facilitating effective disaster risk reduction education and human survival: intentionally engaging the transformative education – paradigm shift spiral (by Petra Buergelt and Douglas Paton) -- Chapter 7. All singing from the same song sheet: DRR and the visual and performing Arts (by Douglas Paton, Petra Buergelt, Etan Pavavalung, Kirby Clark, Li-Ju Jang and Grace Kuo) -- Chapter 8. High expectations, low recognition: the role of principals and teachers in disaster response and recovery in the Asia-Pacific (by Carol Mutch) -- Chapter 9. Planning and capability requirements for catastrophic and cascading events (Andrew Gissing, Michael Eburn and John McAneney) -- Chapter 10. Development and Implementation of Disaster Risk Management Specialization Program: Philippine School of Business Administration-Manila and Quezon City Government Collaboration towards Sustainable Development Solutions (by Tabassam Raza, Jose F. Peralta, Thess Khaz S. Raza and Carmelita R.E.U. Liwag) -- Part 3. Science Technology, Risk Assessment, Communities -- Chapter 11. Vulnerability and Resilience Science: Concepts, Tools, and Practice (by Susan L. Cutter) -- Chapter 12. Flood hazards and disciplinary silos (by Robert J. Wasson and Daryl Lam) -- Chapter 13. Theorizing Disaster Communitas (by Steve Matthewman and Shinya Uekusa) -- Chapter 14. Use of Scientific Knowledge and Public Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction and Response in the State of Sikkim, India (by Vinod K. Sharma). - Part 4: Recovery -- Chapter 15. Post-disaster Recoveries in Indonesia and Japan: Building Back Better ( by Minako Sakai) -- Chapter 16. Housing continuum: Key determinants linking post-disaster reconstruction to resilience in the long term (by Mittul Vahanvati) -- Chapter 17. Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery in Samoa (by Tautala Mauala) -- Chapter 18. Towards a resilient Asia Pacific region ( Vinod Sharma, Helen James, Rajib Shaw and Anna Lukasiewicz).

Tesis doctoral inédita cotutelada por la Macquarie University, Department of Anthropology y la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Antropología Social y Pensamiento Filosófico Español. Fecha de lectura: 10-01-2017 ; Esta tesis se basa en el trabajo de campo realizado en dos contextos urbanos distintos. Exploro las prácticas culturales y mediáticas de latinoamericanos en Madrid, España y aborígenes en Sídney, Australia. Argumento que estos casos de estudio constituyen intentos por parte de estos dos grupos por descolonizar representaciones dominantes y homogéneas en las industrias mediáticas. Utilizando una metodología variada que incluye etnografía multi-local, observación participante, entrevistas y el análisis de los trabajos creativos de los dos grupos de radio y teatro en cada localidad, señalo los distintos mundos sociales donde los sujetos de estudio articulan identidades políticas de resistencia. Prestando atención a sus prácticas diarias se revelan las dificultades de los dos grupos para acceder a los mercados mediáticos, en parte debido a sus características físicas. Además, muestro cómo estos grupos encuentran sus propias maneras de exponer sus subjetividades y difundir sus trabajos creativos, voces y respuestas, incluyendo diálogos con instituciones y organismos que conceden ayudas económicas. El análisis de estos grupos presenta distintos resultados pero sobre todo muestra comunalidades en cómo estos colectivos usan similares herramientas para contrarrestar los residuos del colonialismo en el presente. A lo largo de la tesis el colonialismo aparece como una relación de poder inacabada entre grupos dominantes y grupos minoritarios en las sociedades española y australiana. ; This thesis is based on fieldwork conducted in two different urban contexts. I explore the cultural and media practices of Latin American people in Madrid, Spain and Aboriginal people in Sydney, Australia. I argue that both case studies constitute attempts to decolonise the dominant and homogeneous representations of these peoples within mediatised industries. Utilising a range of research methods that include multi-located ethnography, participant observation, interviews and analysis of the creative works of two radio and theatre groups in each location, I evoke different social worlds where political identities of resistance are articulated. Attention to daily practices reveals both groups' difficulties in accessing commodified media markets, in part because of their physical characteristics. Further, I show how these groups find their own ways to expose their subjectivities and disseminate their creative works, voices and responses, including dialogues with institutions and funding bodies. The analysis of these groups presents different results yet overall shows commonalities in how these collectives use similar tools to counteract the residues of colonialism in the present. Throughout this thesis, colonialism appears as an unfinished power relation between dominant groups and minority groups in Spanish and Australian societies.

Indigenous peoples are "peoples … regarded as indigenous, on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, or a geographical region to which the country belongs, at the time of conquest or colonisation or the establishment of present state boundaries and who, irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions" (ILO, 1990). At least 370 million people worldwide considered indigenous, live in remote areas of the world. There are at least 5000 Indigenous peoples ranging from the forest peoples of the Amazon to the tribal peoples of India and from the Inuit of the Arctic to the Aborigines in Australia. Indigenous peoples do not necessarily claim to be the only people native to their countries, but in many cases indigenous peoples are indeed "aboriginal" or "native" to the lands they live in, being descendants of those peoples that inhabited a territory prior to colonization or formation of the present state. Indigenous peoples have their own distinct languages, cultures, and social and political institutions that are very different from those of mainstream society. While indigenous peoples face the same experience of discrimination and marginalization as other ethnic minorities, there are very important differences in terms of their rights and identity. This is compared and contrasted with Indian and Australian experiences through this paper. There are numerous challenges posed to indigenous people. A common feature is the attempts by federal/ central authorities to suppress their cultures for the purpose of mainstreaming, by way of long-term assimilation policies, e.g. the Norwegian Sámi population. In India, Adivasi women refuse to deliver their babies in health centers because they "don't think it necessary"; this the health providers perceive to be on account of 'ignorance'. But then, a few and some social workers perceive this as women exercising their choice. Further, they simply refuse to go to a health facility where they are treated badly and their customs are disrespected. The present paper attempts to explore and document the unique challenges posed to the Kanikkar Tribe habiting the Forests of Southern Kerala, India. The study will be a case study dwelling deep into the experiences of the Kannikar as they negotiate with the fast catching pace of globalization as a moderator on their socio-demographic status, culture, and subsequently their health seeking behaviour. The paper is a clarion call for inclusion, aimed ultimately to give an alternate perception of "social inclusiveness" as both a concept and practice in generating a better understanding as to why the Kannikar are reconciled to submitting themselves to their "fate."

2016年4月15日是澳大利亚皇家土著羁押死亡调查委员会(RCIADIC)发表最终报告25周年纪念日。该报告标志着土著澳大利亚人与后殖民国家和联邦政府之间关系的里程碑。该委员会由Hawke Labor政府于1987年成立,调查了99例土著人死亡。最重要的是发现死亡原因是警察和监狱未能履行其照管职责,以及大量土著人被逮捕和监禁。 在RCIADIC之后,跨文化会议和文化能力工作坊已成为公务员、治疗师、以及法律和福利员工的普遍活动,试图建立起福利国家机构和土著客户之间的文化知识纽带。利用土著知识理论,本章评估了土著客户和那些以改善土著生活为名义与他们合作的人之间的文化失调是如何影响跨文化互动。在这个过程中提出了以下问题:善意如何成为土著澳大利亚人正在进行的殖民主义言论和实践的一部分,以及如何改变权力平衡,以利于与土著人民相关的村庄? ; The 15 th April 2016 marked the 25-year anniversary since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC) in Australia handed down its Final Report. The report signified a landmark in the relationships between Indigenous Australians and the post-colonial State and Federal governments. Established by the Hawke Labor Government in 1987, the Commission examined 99 Indigenous deaths. Most significant was the finding that the deaths were due to the combination of police and prisons failing their duty of care, and the high numbers of Indigenous people being arrested and incarcerated. In the wake of the RCIADIC, cross-cultural sessions and cultural competency workshops have become ubiquitous for public servants, therapists, and legal and welfare employees, in attempts to bridge gaps in cultural knowledge between agents of the welfare state and Indigenous clients. Using Indigenous Knowledges theory, this chapter assesses how cultural misalignments between Indigenous clients and those who work with them in the name of therapies designed to improve Indigenous lives, dominate cross-cultural interactions. In so doing the questions are posed: how do good intentions become part of the discourses and practices of on-going colonialism for Indigenous Australians, and what can be done to change the balance of power in favour of therapies of relevance to Indigenous people? Japanese abstract この場所を脱植民地化する。 音楽療法の実践における先住民族の位置づけ スージー・ハッチング 要約 オーストラリアの「Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC)」が最終報告書を発表してから、2016年4月15日で25年が経過した。この報告書は、オーストラリアの先住民と植民地時代以降の州政府および連邦政府との関係において、画期的な出来事だった。この委員会は、1987年にホーク労働党政権によって設立され、99件の先住民の死を調査した。最も重大なのは、警察や刑務所が注意義務を怠ったことと、先住民が大量に逮捕・投獄されたことが重なって死亡したという結果である。 RCIADICを受けて、福祉国家のエージェントと先住民のクライアントとの間にある文化的知識のギャップを埋めるために、異文化交流セッションや文化的コンピテンシーのワークショップが、公務員、セラピスト、法律家や福祉関係者の間で頻繁に行われるようになった。本章では、先住民の知識理論を用いて、先住民のクライアントと、先住民の生活を向上させるために計画されたセラピーの名の下に彼らと働く人々との間の文化的なずれが、異文化間の交流をどのように支配しているかを検討する。善意がどのようにしてオーストラリア先住民の現在進行中の植民地主義の言説と実践の一部となるのか、そして先住民に関連した療法に有利なようにパワーバランスを変えるためには何ができるのか、という問いが投げかけられている。 キーワード:王立委員会、アボリジニの監禁死、オーストラリア先住民、先住民の知識理論、セラピー、異文化交流 ; Il 15 aprile 2016 ha segnato il venticinquesimo anniversario da quando la Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC) in Australia ha consegnato il suo Rapporto Finale. Il rapporto ha segnato una pietra miliare nelle relazioni tra gli indigeni australiani e i governi statali e federali post-coloniali. Istituita dal governo laburista Hawke nel 1987, la Commissione ha esaminato 99 morti indigene. La cosa più significativa è stata la scoperta che tali morti erano dovute alla combinazione di polizia e carceri che non rispettarono il loro dovere di diligenza, nonché l'alto numero di indigeni arrestati e incarcerati. Sulla scia del RCIADIC, sessioni interculturali e workshop sulle competenze culturali sono diventati onnipresenti per dipendenti pubblici, terapisti e dipendenti legali e assistenziali, nel tentativo di colmare le lacune nella conoscenza culturale tra agenti dello stato sociale e clienti indigeni. Utilizzando la Indigenous Knowledges theory, questo capitolo valuta come i disallineamenti culturali fra i clienti indigeni e coloro che lavorano con loro in nome di terapie progettate per migliorare la loro vita, dominino le interazioni interculturali. Così facendo, si pongono le seguenti domande: in che modo le buone intenzioni entrano a far parte dei discorsi e delle pratiche coloniali in corso per gli indigeni australiani, e cosa si può fare per cambiare gli equilibri di potere a favore di terapie rilevanti per gli indigeni? ; El 15 de abril de 2016 marcó el 25 aniversario desde que la Comisión Real sobre Muertes de Aborígenes en Custodia ('Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody' o RCIADIC) en Australia emitió su Informe Final. El informe significó un hito en las relaciones entre los australianos indígenas y los gobiernos estatales y federales poscoloniales. Establecida por el 'Hawke Labor Government' en 1987, la comisión examinó 99 muertes de indígenas. Lo más significativo fue el hallazgo de que las muertes se debieron a la combinación de policías y prisiones que no cumplieron con su deber de cuidado, y al gran número de indígenas arrestados y encarcelados. A raíz de la RCIADIC, las sesiones interculturales y los talleres de competencia cultural se han vuelto omnipresentes para los servidores públicos, terapeutas y empleados legales y de bienestar, en un intento de cerrar las brechas en el conocimiento cultural entre los agentes del estado de bienestar y los clientes indígenas. Utilizando la teoría de los conocimientos indígenas, este capítulo evalúa cómo los desajustes culturales entre los clientes indígenas y aquellos que trabajan con ellos en nombre de terapias diseñadas para mejorar las vidas de los indígenas, dominan las interacciones interculturales. Al hacerlo, se plantean las preguntas: ¿cómo las buenas intenciones se vuelven parte de los discursos y prácticas del colonialismo en curso para los indígenas australianos, y qué se puede hacer para cambiar el equilibrio de poder a favor de terapias de relevancia para los pueblos indígenas?

List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- A path well worn? Approaches for the old problem of heritage destruction / José Antonio González Zarandona, Emma Cunliffe, and Melathi Saldin -- Heritage destruction in conflict / Claire Smith -- Talking about heritage destruction in market countries / Erin L. Thompson -- Destruction of cultural heritage in peacetime and international law / Lucas Lixinski -- Development of the Law of Armed Conflict as applied to cultural heritage / Patty Gerstenblith -- Heritage destruction and human rights / Federico Lenzerini -- Heritage destruction and genocide: legal resistance, conceptual resiliency / Elisa Novic -- Methods, motivations, and actors: a risk-based approach to heritage destruction and protection / Emma Cunliffe -- Heritage destruction, natural disasters, and the environment: geological disasters / Tom Dawson -- Heritage destruction, natural disasters, and the environment: atmospheric disasters / Tom Dawson -- Flooded Heritage: The Impact of Dams on Archaeological Sites / Nicolò Marchetti and Federico Zaina -- On destruction in art and film / Stacy Boldrick -- Between heritage and the readymade-the imminent aesthetic of Ai Weiwei / José Antonio González Zarandona -- Heritage predation and the pursuit of politics / Mehiyar Kathem -- Post-conflict recovery challenges: affect and heritage in post-conflict Cyprus and Italy / Olga Demetriou and Elena Miltiadis -- Media narratives, heritage destruction, and universal heritage: a case study of Palmyra / Christopher W. Jones -- Collateral damage: the negative side effects of protecting cultural heritage in conflict related situations / Frederik Rosén -- Turning destruction into an opportunity: understanding the construction of Timbuktu's 'success story' by UNESCO / Mathilde Leloup -- Heritage destruction from a humanitarian perspective / Jennifer Price-Jones -- Cultural property destruction and damage in two World Wars / Nigel Pollard -- Heritage destruction and its impact in Scandinavia and the Baltic Region during the Second World War / Mattias Legnér -- Case study: the Wars of Yugoslav Succession / Helen Walasek -- Cambodia: gods threatened by the art market and warfare / Angela S. Chiu, Helena M. Arose, and Ben B. Evans -- Destruction of cultural heritage in times of conflict: the case of Syria / Nour Munawar -- Iraq: creative destruction and cultural heritage in the Warscape / Zainab Bahrani -- Iraqi and Syrian responses to heritage destruction under the Islamic State: genocide, displacement, reconstruction, and return / Benjamin Isakhan and James Barry -- Heritage destruction in the Caucasus with a specific focus on the Armenia Azerbaijan conflict / Ali Mozaffari and James Barry -- Weaponised heritage: urbicide by construction and destruction in Nablus, Palestine / Nurhan Abujidi -- What is happening to Egyptian heritage? the case of privately-owned buildings / Mohamed Kenawi -- Destruction, development, and heritage in Melbourne: SX Towers, Southern Cross Hotel, Eastern Market / James Lesh and David Nichols -- Case study: the destruction of Australian Aboriginal heritage and its implications for Indigenous Peoples globally / Jillian Huntley and Lynley A. Wallis -- Destruction of heritage in Latin America / María Isabel Hernández Llosas -- Reconsidering heritage destruction and sustainable development in a long term perspective / Cornelius Holtorf and Troels Myrup Kristensen -- Index.

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