Suchergebnisse

BACKGROUND: Azithromycin is a recommended oral agent for treating nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), when antibiotics are indicated. Azithromycin nonsusceptibility among NTS is <1% in the United States. CDC, FSIS, and state health departments investigated an outbreak of azithromycin-nonsusceptible Salmonella serotype Newport infections to determine sources. METHODS: We classified isolates as the outbreak strain if they were within 11 alleles by core genome multilocus sequence typing. We defined a case as infection with the outbreak strain during June 2018–February 2019. After stratifying by gender and ethnicity, we compared food exposures ≤7 days before illness onset with those reported by healthy persons in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network population survey (2006–2007). We used broth microdilution to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. RESULTS: We identified 218 case patients from 31 states; 49 of 176 (28%) were hospitalized and 2 died. Overall, 65% (121/187) were Hispanic, and 41% (70/169) visited Mexico in the 7 days before illness onset. Among travelers to Mexico, 71% (23/32) reported eating Mexican-style soft cheese; 16/23 (70%) recalled obtaining the cheese in Mexico. Among nontravelers, the proportion who ate Mexican-style soft cheese (30%, 18/60) was similar to that reported by healthy persons, whereas the proportion who consumed beef (91%, 60/66) was higher than reported by healthy persons (P = 0.04). The outbreak strain was detected in a sample of soft cheese obtained in Mexico, and in a cecal sample from a steer and a beef sample that was collected at FSIS-regulated establishments in the United States. Isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, nonsusceptible to azithromycin, and showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION: This is the first documented outbreak of azithromycin-nonsusceptible Salmonella infections in the United States. Two food vehicles—soft cheese obtained in Mexico, and beef obtained in the United States—were ...

Wandel der subjektiven Einstellungen der Menschen in
Ostdeutschland von 1990 bis 1996.

Themen: Entwicklung der persönlichen Lebenssituation in den
nächsten Wochen; Wichtigkeit der Lebensbereiche; Informiertheit
über die Lebensbereiche; Zeitbewusstsein; Meinungen über
Ausländer; allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit; Einschätzung des
Umweltbewusstseins der ostdeutschen Bürger und Zufriedenheit mit
der Umweltsituation; umweltbewusstes Verhalten; Änderungen des
Arbeitsumfeldes in den letzten Monaten, wie Betriebswechsel,
Arbeitsplatzwechsel, Arbeitsaufnahme im Westen, Teilnahme an
Umschulung, Kurzarbeit, Warteschleife, Arbeitslosigkeit,
ABM-Stelle; Bewertung der Veränderungen am Arbeitsplatz;
Bewertung der eigenen Arbeit; Zustimmung zu Aussagen über das
Rechtssystem; Zufriedenheit mit den Lebensbereichen; Vergleich
der retrospektiven Zufriedenheit mit der aktuellen; Erwartungen
der primären Umwelt an das Verhalten der Befragten; Meinung über
die Einkommensangleichung von Ost- und Westdeutschland;
Beurteilung der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Lage; präferierte
Freizeitaktivitäten; Aktivitäten zur Gestaltung der eigenen
Lebenssituation; erwartete gesellschaftliche Veränderungen in den
nächsten Jahren; Selbsteinschätzung des Gesundheitszustandes;
gesundheitsfördernde Aktivitäten; Kinderwunsch und ideale
Kinderzahl; Zufriedenheit mit verschiedenen Seiten der
Partnerschaft und des Familienlebens; Verhältnis zu verschiedenen
Parteien; Mitgliedschaft in Gewerkschaft, Verein, Verband,
Bürgerinitiative; Bereitschaft zur Mitarbeit bei sozialen
Diensten, politischen Interessensvertretungen, Freizeitinteressen
und speziellen Gruppeninteressen; Inglehart-Items; Existenz von
Bausparvertrag, Lebensversicherung, anderen kapitalbildenden
Versicherungen, Kredit; Lebensgemeinschaft; derzeitige
Qualifizierung; künftige Berufsvorstellungen;
Nichterwerbstätigkeitsstatus; ausgeübte Leitungsfunktion und
deren Ebene; Arbeitszeit in Stunden pro Woche; Einkommensquellen;
Ansässigkeit am Wohnort; subjektive Schichteinstufung;
Religionszugehörigkeit; Anzahl der Personen und Kinder im
Haushalt; Anzahl der Wohnräume; Wohnungsausstattung; geplante und
bereits getätigte Anschaffungen; Umzugsabsicht; Wohnungsmiete;
Wohnstatus; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Bedürfnisbefriedigung durch
das Einkommen; persönliches Nettoeinkommen; Wohnung vor
Grenzöffnung in der alten BRD; Bundesland; Größe des Wohnorts.

Vols. 30-[42] with indexes and tables by Emily A. Spillman. ; Vols. 1-5: Published, with copious indices and a digest, by Robert Farnham. ; Editors: v. 1-4, B.F. Hall. - v. 5, B.F. Hall, C.C. Andrews. - v. 6-8, C.C. Andrews. - v. 9-12, J.H. Ashton. - v. 13-19, A.J. Bentley. - v. 20, E. A. Hibbard. - v. 21-22, E.C. Brandenburg. - v. 23-26, J.L. Lott, J.A. Finch. - v. 27, J.A. Finch. - v. 18, J.A. Finch, George Kearney. - v. 19- George Kearney. ; Title varies slightly. ; Vols. 1-24 have title: Official opinions of the attorneys general of the United States, advising the President and heads of departments, in relation to their official duties; and expounding the Constitution, subsisting treaties with foreign governments and with Indian tribes, and the public laws of the country. ; Vol. 5, with imprint dated 1852, covers the period July 17, 1848-March 3, 1853. "The foregoing opinions were originally published in a separate volume, as volume V of the series, and edited by Mr. Hall. The remaining opinions [Oct. 8, 1851-Mar. 3, 1853] published in the present volume, are edited by C.C. Andrews." - Note, v. 5, p. 399. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The sixth blind test of organic crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods has been held, with five target systems: a small nearly rigid molecule, a polymorphic former drug candidate, a chloride salt hydrate, a co-crystal and a bulky flexible molecule. This blind test has seen substantial growth in the number of participants, with the broad range of prediction methods giving a unique insight into the state of the art in the field. Significant progress has been seen in treating flexible molecules, usage of hierarchical approaches to ranking structures, the application of density-functional approximations, and the establishment of new workflows and `best practices' for performing CSP calculations. All of the targets, apart from a single potentially disordered Z' = 2 polymorph of the drug candidate, were predicted by at least one submission. Despite many remaining challenges, it is clear that CSP methods are becoming more applicable to a wider range of real systems, including salts, hydrates and larger flexible molecules. The results also highlight the potential for CSP calculations to complement and augment experimental studies of organic solid forms. ; The organisers and participants are very grateful to the crystallographers who supplied the candidate structures: Dr. Peter Horton (XXII), Dr. Brian Samas (XXIII), Prof. Bruce Foxman (XXIV), and Prof. Kraig Wheeler (XXV and XXVI). We are also grateful to Dr. Emma Sharp and colleagues at Johnson Matthey (Pharmorphix) for the polymorph screening of XXVI, as well as numerous colleagues at the CCDC for assistance in organising the blind test. Submission 2: We acknowledge Dr. Oliver Korb for numerous useful discussions. Submission 3: The Day group acknowledge the use of the IRIDIS High Performance Computing Facility, and associated support services at the University of Southampton, in the completion of this work. We acknowledge funding from the EPSRC (grants EP/J01110X/1 and EP/K018132/1) and the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC through grant agreements n. 307358 (ERC-stG- 2012-ANGLE) and n. 321156 (ERC-AG-PE5-ROBOT). Submission 4: I am grateful to Mikhail Kuzminskii for calculations of molecular structures on Gaussian 98 program in the Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research is acknowledged for financial support (14-03-01091). Submission 5: Toine Schreurs provided computer facilities and assistance. I am grateful to Matthew Habgood at AWE company for providing a travel grant. Submission 6: We would like to acknowledge support of this work by GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, and Vertex. Submission 7: The research was financially supported by the VIDI Research Program 700.10.427, which is financed by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), and the European Research Council (ERC-2010-StG, grant agreement n. 259510-KISMOL). We acknowledge the support of the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM). Supercomputer facilities were provided by the National Computing Facilities Foundation (NCF). Submission 8: Computer resources were provided by the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1053575. MBF and GIP acknowledge the support from the University of Buenos Aires and the Argentinian Research Council. Submission 9: We thank Dr. Bouke van Eijck for his valuable advice on our predicted structure of XXV. We thank the promotion office for TUT programs on advanced simulation engineering (ADSIM), the leading program for training brain information architects (BRAIN), and the information and media center (IMC) at Toyohashi University of Technology for the use of the TUT supercomputer systems and application software. We also thank the ACCMS at Kyoto University for the use of their supercomputer. In addition, we wish to thank financial supports from Conflex Corp. and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Submission 12: We thank Leslie Leiserowitz from the Weizmann Institute of Science and Geoffrey Hutchinson from the University of Pittsburgh for helpful discussions. We thank Adam Scovel at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF) for technical support. Work at Tulane University was funded by the Louisiana Board of Regents Award # LEQSF(2014-17)-RD-A-10 "Toward Crystal Engineering from First Principles", by the NSF award # EPS-1003897 "The Louisiana Alliance for Simulation-Guided Materials Applications (LA-SiGMA)", and by the Tulane Committee on Research Summer Fellowship. Work at the Technical University of Munich was supported by the Solar Technologies Go Hybrid initiative of the State of Bavaria, Germany. Computer time was provided by the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Submission 13: This work would not have been possible without funding from Khalifa University's College of Engineering. I would like to acknowledge Prof. Robert Bennell and Prof. Bayan Sharif for supporting me in acquiring the resources needed to carry out this research. Dr. Louise Price is thanked for her guidance on the use of DMACRYS and NEIGHCRYS during the course of this research. She is also thanked for useful discussions and numerous e-mail exchanges concerning the blind test. Prof. Sarah Price is acknowledged for her support and guidance over many years and for providing access to DMACRYS and NEIGHCRYS. Submission 15: The work was supported by the United Kingdom's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/J003840/1, EP/J014958/1) and was made possible through access to computational resources and support from the High Performance Computing Cluster at Imperial College London. We are grateful to Professor Sarah L. Price for supplying the DMACRYS code for use within CrystalOptimizer, and to her and her research group for support with DMACRYS and feedback on CrystalPredictor and CrystalOptimizer. Submission 16: R. J. N. acknowledges financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the U.K. [EP/J017639/1]. R. J. N. and C. J. P. acknowledge use of the Archer facilities of the U.K.'s national high-performance computing service (for which access was obtained via the UKCP consortium [EP/K014560/1]). C. J. P. also acknowledges a Leadership Fellowship Grant [EP/K013688/1]. B. M. acknowledges Robinson College, Cambridge, and the Cambridge Philosophical Society for a Henslow Research Fellowship. Submission 17: The work at the University of Delaware was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-13-1- 0387 and by the National Science Foundation Grant CHE-1152899. The work at the University of Silesia was supported by the Polish National Science Centre Grant No. DEC-2012/05/B/ST4/00086. Submission 18: We would like to thank Constantinos Pantelides, Claire Adjiman and Isaac Sugden of Imperial College for their support of our use of CrystalPredictor and CrystalOptimizer in this and Submission 19. The CSP work of the group is supported by EPSRC, though grant ESPRC EP/K039229/1, and Eli Lilly. The PhD students support: RKH by a joint UCL Max-Planck Society Magdeburg Impact studentship, REW by a UCL Impact studentship; LI by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre and the M3S Centre for Doctoral Training (EPSRC EP/G036675/1). Submission 19: The potential generation work at the University of Delaware was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-13-1-0387 and by the National Science Foundation Grant CHE-1152899. Submission 20: The work at New York University was supported, in part, by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number W911NF-13-1-0387 (MET and LV) and, in part, by the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-1420073 (MET and ES). The work at the University of Delaware was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number W911NF-13-1- 0387 and by the National Science Foundation Grant CHE-1152899. Submission 21: We thank the National Science Foundation (DMR-1231586), the Government of Russian Federation (Grant No. 14.A12.31.0003), the Foreign Talents Introduction and Academic Exchange Program (No. B08040) and the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 14-43-00052, base organization Photochemistry Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Calculations were performed on the Rurik supercomputer at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Submission 22: The computational results presented have been achieved in part using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC). Submission 24: The potential generation work at the University of Delaware was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-13-1-0387 and by the National Science Foundation Grant CHE-1152899. Submission 25: J.H. and A.T. acknowledge the support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the program DFG-SPP 1807. H-Y.K., R.A.D., and R.C. acknowledge support from the Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant Nos. DE-SC0008626. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. Additional computational resources were provided by the Terascale Infrastructure for Groundbreaking Research in Science and Engineering (TIGRESS) High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. ; This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2052520616007447.