Suchergebnisse

Overview and Introduction to the Role of Higher Educational Institution in Disaster Risk Management -- Post-pandemic Management in Higher Educational Institutions -- New Perspectives of Campus Safety Initiatives in Universities -- Regional Overview of Lessons from the Asia-Pacific Regions -- Regional Overview of Lessons from Africa: the Impact on the Awareness of the Sector's Resilience -- Disaster Risk Governance in the midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Central America: the Case of Guatemala -- Looking Ahead While Leaving No One Behind: Resourcefulness and Resiliency among North American Universities -- University Networking in Improvising Academic Resilience to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences from Bangladesh -- New Role of Universities: Experiences from Taiwan -- Vigorous, Vital, Vulnerable: Universities and COVID-19, Aotearoa New Zealand -- Applying New Technologies and Innovation in Taiwan -- Applying New Technologies and Innovation in Hong Kong: Teaching Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) Using Massive Open Online Course to Enhance Resilience in Higher Educational Institutions -- Scope of Civil Society and University Partnership in Enhancing Resilience -- Private Sector and Higher Education Institution Partnerships to Enhance Resilience in the Philippines: The Experience of the National Resilience Council -- Impacts, opportunities and potentials in HEIs: During and Post Pandemic Perspectives.

This paper provides the first econometric results which show that during the period 1976–2013, the conglomerate farming of soybeans aggravated poverty in Brazil. It was found that the impact of soy on poverty in the north of the country, where land consolidation is active, is precisely opposite that in the south, where family farming dominates. The result directly contradicts mainstream views that smallholder farmers' losses would be offset by gains from the trickle-down effect. Based on the findings of this study, a necessity is raised that family farming be supported to help alleviate poverty.

This essay examines 'What is a policy?' from the viewpoint of a public servant trying to make sense of the maze of official statements, procedures, guidelines and various other expressions of intra‐governmental opinion that might bear upon a discretionary decision. It seeks to clarify the meaning and status of policy, to explain how to determine cases which are not covered by explicit statements of policy, and to decide how much relative weight to accord to various policy documents and circumstances. Although it does not set out to rehash the old debate about the distinction between politics and administration (often misunderstood as a distinction between policy and administration), it finds Woodrow Wilson's 1886 aphorism on this subject a good place to start.

In Acehnese history, many women held significant positions. However, the history of female Acehnese rulers is hardly written in Acehnese history, even though they give many contributions to develop Aceh as we seen now. Safiatuddin is one of very famous female ruler in Aceh and she also creates a policy that still use until now. She also was invited to other countries in Southeast Asia to give lectures and she was a queen who believe in democracy and science by not arrested the ulama who want to make coup d" etat. She even not put them in jail but only exiled because those ulama do not sabotage, subversive, burning, killing and other criminal things. There are others female rulers and heroines who also give their contributions in developing Aceh. However, their contributions seem forgotten in Acehnese history lesson. It becomes worst when the fatwa from Mecca saying women cannot be a leader. The New Order also contributes in making women only in domestic sphere.

AbstractIn the United States, Evangelical Protestants' political attitudes have been attributed to their conservative theological beliefs. As this religion's membership has increased around the world, other Evangelicals would logically be expected to demonstrate a similar conservatism in their political views. And yet, this anticipated result does not hold. In Brazil, for example, Evangelicals maintain moderate-to-liberal attitudes on several issues. To address this anomaly, this article relies on the Pew Forum's Multi-Country Religion Survey to examine the impact of religion on Evangelicals' ideology as well as attitudes on moral and economic issues in the United States and Brazil. While doctrinal orthodoxy predicts Evangelicals' moral conservatism, neither religious component examined significantly predicts Brazilian Evangelicals' ideology or economic attitudes. Significant differences in Brazilian and American attitudes on these dimensions in general suggest that the political environment plays a much larger role in whether — and how — religion influences these political attitudes.

Questions on earnings are counted among sensitive topics that often produce high rates of item nonresponse or measurement error. Both types of bias are well documented in the literature and are found to concentrate in the tails of the earnings distribution. In this paper, we explore whether measurement error on earnings could be explained by socially desirable
reporting and whether the error is impacted by interviewer characteristics. Using the linked dataset NEPS-SC6-ADIAB, which contains survey data from the German National Educational Panel Study, Starting Cohort "Adults", linked to administrative earnings records from the German Federal Employment Agency, we analyze the extents of over- and underreporting and the influence of respondent and interviewer characteristics on these behaviors for different quartiles of the earnings distribution. Our results show that the average level of misreporting is relatively low (approximately 6% of median earnings). Our main logistic model reveals that female and more highly educated respondents report significantly more accurately while those with higher earnings misreport to a significantly greater extent. Regarding the impact of personality traits on reporting accuracy, we find significant positive effects for more agreeable respondents and significant negative effects for extraverted respondents. When differentiating by the direction of misreporting, we find, for instance, that women are less likely to overreport across all earnings quartiles. However, the influence of interviewer characteristics is negligible.

The article discusses the role of the history of psychology in the search for adequate solutions to the methodological problems of psychological science. The most recent studies of consciousness, which combine a meticulous study of anatomy and physiology of the brain with the help of modern technology and introspective reports of the bearer of consciousness, differ little in their methodological foundations from those of more than a century ago, which were subjected to sound criticism for Cartesian dualism by L.S. Vygotsky and other representatives of cultural-historical activity theory in psychology. L.S. Vygotsky's distinction between perezhivanie (experience) and scientific knowledge gives grounds to be critical of the assertion of some representatives and supporters of analytic philosophy that it is impossible to have a scientific comprehension of consciousness, which they identify with subjective reality. A comparative historical analysis of psychological ideas of B. Spinoza, A.N. Leontiev, and E.V. Ilyenkov leads to a conclusion that, in constructing his theory of activity, A.N. Leontiev was guided not by the official Soviet version of Marxism («dialectical materialism») but by the provisions of authentic Marxism. The philosophers of E.V. Ilyenkov's circle fairly viewed Marxism as a continuation and development of Spinozism. On this philosophical basis, A.N. Leontiev's scientific school created the concept of activity as a peculiar substance, with consciousness (and the psyche in general) being its function. This doctrine, confirmed by numerous empirical studies and the practice of forming consciousness in ontogenesis, is a good alternative to the Cartesian-oriented research on consciousness in modern cognitive sciences, which has reached a methodological dead end. The paper also shows the role of archival research in clarifying the origin and original meaning of terminology used in psychology. For example, the study of transcripts of the 1948 discussions presented in A.N. Leontiev's book An Essay on the Development of the Psyche reveals that the phrase «the threefold scheme of analysis» originally appeared in the speeches of Leontiev's opponents, while these terms (later used by Leontiev himself in his book Activity. Consciousness. Personality) only confuse the matter and do not allow one to adequately understand the non-trivial view on activity as a substance of consciousness developed by A.N. Leontiev's school. In conclusion, the author argues that the special attention of the international scientific community to the historical heritage of the founders of cultural-activity psychology is due to its specific methodology, which makes it a «science of the future» and, in turn, requires a new historical-psychological and theoretical reflection.