Suchergebnisse

The theoretical goal of this paper is the development of the connection between politics and law within the model of the complex system especially in the perspective of Niklas Luhmann, in a viewpoint linked with the economic analysis of law. The aim is to describe the differences that truly make the difference in the setting problem of policy or legal decisions more formalized by the subject with their values instead of in a system. Therefore, the vision of Joseph A. Schumpeter about the politics as a kind of market, a sub-kind market where votes are sold and bought it is very important and strategic as a bridge between the macro-systemic and the economic analysis of law becomes even more positive, artificial and global: the more is the scenario, the weaker is the function of the human subject in the decisional process, this also provides a report of the changes in the very idea of citizen in global scenarios, which is the Hypercitizenship.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- List of boxes -- List of tables -- List of figures -- List of abbreviations -- Part 1 Building European Union -- 1 The path to the Treaties of Rome -- Early musings -- New thinking -- Post-war motivations: a new mood? -- The foundation of the first Community -- A blow to the apparent inevitability of progress -- Relaunch -- 2 Three communities, one purpose -- Early success -- Another relaunch -- A hopeful Paris agenda -- Countervailing signs of success -- Centripetal factors re-emerge -- The Single European Act -- Another leap forward -- Revolution in the East: the Community seeks to respond -- 3 The 1990s: centrifugal and centripetal forces compete -- The two 1990-91 Inter-governmental Conferences -- The outcome: the Treaty on European Union -- More problems -- Another enlargement -- The 1996-97 IGG divided views about the future -- Amsterdam: moderate progress or standing still? -- An area of governance -- A new agenda or unresolved business after Amsterdam? -- Centripetal and centrifugal tendencies and pressures -- The 1990s debates -- Conclusion -- Discussion questions -- Bibliography -- Notes -- Part 2 The Institutions of the Union -- 4 The European Parliament -- Introduction -- The instirutions in detail -- Political groups -- Functional committees -- Question Time -- Legislative roles -- The President and other office-holders -- The peripatetic Parliament -- National parliaments -- Legal base -- Discussion questions -- 5 The Council -- Composition -- The supporting cast -- The Council Presidency -- The General Secretariat of the Council -- The European Council -- Legal bases -- Discussion questions -- 6 The Commission -- Interpreting the 'general interest of the Community' -- Powers of the President -- More reform in the air

First published in 1998, this collection of essays compares the implementation of urban policies in 15 different countries across the European Union, with most articles' contributors hailing from their subject nation. The contributors include experts in geography and spatial, town, transport and urban planning, and their contributions reflect fundamental changes in the economy, technology, demography and politics of European towns and cities. They ask four main questions: what the urban development pattern is, what administrative and financial relations between national authorities and cities exist, which issues the national authorities consider to be prominent and how this impacts on the national urban planning policies. Through the provision of national perspectives, they ask what can be learned through the comparison of how each region has tailored its perspective and strategy.