ФОРМЫ И СПОСОБЫ МОТИВАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ К ЗАНЯТИЯМ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРОЙ
Представлены результаты анализа ведущих форм и способов мотивации студентов к занятиям физической культурой. Показано, что одна из причин их низкой двигательной активности отсутствие оптимального мотивационного комплекса. Формирование потребности в движении является приоритетным в учебно-физкультурной деятельности, что возможно на основе систематических занятий. Учет исходных мотивов к занятиям физическими упражнениями помогает скорректировать направление мотивов, не обладающих достаточной устойчивостью, обеспечить перемещение мотива с результата на саму деятельность. Определенные в процессе анализа литературы недостатки формирования физической культуры личности студентов, такие как непонимание взаимозависимости абсолютных и частных ценностей физической культуры, несформированность валеологического мышления, неадекватное оценивание собственного уровня здоровья, нерациональная организация жизнедеятельности, свидетельствуют о низком уровне знаний. В этой связи одним из основополагающих факторов процесса физического воспитания студентов является обеспечение оптимальной теоретической и методико-практической подготовки. ; The paper presents an analysis of the leading forms and ways to motivate students to physical training. Change of the target orientation of physical education, the essence of which is reduced to the formation of the physical culture of the individual, requires improving the quality of education, development of new pedagogical and institutional frameworks that provide student-oriented education and training. It is shown that one of the reasons for low physical activity of students is the lack of optimal motivational complex. Formation of the need for movement is a priority in training and athletic activities, it is possible on the basis of systematic studies. Accounting for the initial motivation for physical exercise helps to correct the direction of the motives that do not possess sufficient stability to ensure the spread of the motif from the results onto the activity itself. Therefore, based on the classification of the motives prompting we should identify the leading motives of physical activity among students. Through the activities emanating from certain motives, pursuing some goals and problem solving, a person expresses their attitude to the environment, and this attitude (behaviour) correlates both with the internal and the external (subjective and objective). Therefore, studying the motives of business, we understand not only the degree of interest in it, but we can assume that the level of activity in this area and its orientation. If we consider the problem specifically applying it to physical activity, having determined the motives of students we can assume if they will work out independently or their ultimate goal is getting credits. However, the motive may have the ultimate goal, and may move to the activity itself or a result of it, such as playing the game. Thus, by taking into account the initial motives for athletic activities and using corrective elements in teaching methods we can replace the temporary motives of obtaining the result (positive markers) by a more stable process, the motives of exercising. The formation of an optimal set of motivational physical training depends on following the principle of reason in learning, using problem tasks, psychological comfort, democratic style of communication, situation of choice, using optimal complexity of tasks, taking into account the preferences of students of exercise with gaming oriented, regular attendance, increasing importance of personal training and athletic activities, competitive activities. The problems in the formation of physical culture of students, such as lack of understanding of the interdependence of private and absolute values of physical culture, aborted valeological thinking, inadequate evaluation of their own level of health, irrational organization of life, show a low level of knowledge. Knowledge constructively influences on the motives and interests, and thus is a factor of the athletic training students. Mastery of the knowledge system helps students to use the tools of physical training, to provide adequate self-esteem and self-control. Therefore, one of the fundamental factors of the process of physical education of students is to provide the best theoretical, methodological and practical training.
