Suchergebnisse

The seed of Orthodox Christianity sown on the land of Gedeo in the late 19th century following the state expansion to the south could survive the assault of the Fascist aggressors and could bear its fruit during the post-liberation period. The time witnessed a large-scale evangelization and the subsequent mass baptism of the local population. This was to be followed by the increasing number of newly constructed churches and expansion of their services in the region. The 1975 land nationalization policy of the Derg, however, demolished all these achievements of the EOC by dismantling the base of its economy, ye samon maret. The clergymen who based their life on the cultivation of these church lands deserted their church in search of any other means of economic survival and this was to threaten the existence of the Orthodox church among the Gedeo let alone its growth and development in the region. Though the Derg tried to mitigate this economic crisis of the church through financial subsidy, the support could not bring a meaningful solution since the amount was insignificant as compared to the large number of clergymen the church was administering by then. The problem was, therefore, to wait for its answer through the free market economic order of the post 1991 political era.

"This book focuses on how religion—particularly Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and, to a lesser extent, Hinduism—is shaping the ethos and daily actions of market participants within the global money markets. The concepts inherent within Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism are making themselves felt within the global money markets. As Islamic finance led to the introduction of sharia compliant derivatives, for example, Christian investment funds are leading ethical initiatives on Wall Street, the City of London, and elsewhere such as divesting from fossil fuels in response to the climate change emergency. Jewish faith led funds are making significant strides with the further development of impact investments. The concept of Hindu economics is also beginning to shape the actions of some market participants which are tied to the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi. ​"--

Aprés l'abolition de l'esclavage, le besoin de main d'oeuvre pour industrie du sucre dans les Caraïbes a donné naissance à un système de «contrats de servage». Ainsi, entre 1850 et 1855 des centaines de milliers d'indiens et de chinois ont été recrutés pour travailler sur les champs de canne à sucre aux Indes Occidentales et à Hawaii. Les abus dans le processus de recrutement étaient évidents: l'exploitation, les maladies graves, voire la mort étaient l'ordre du jour. Pour faciliter et réguler le recrutement de chinois, les anglais ont créé un organisme spécial à Hong Kong entre 1852 et 1853, par lequel des missionnaires chrétiens servaient de recruteurs. Parmi eux, le plus actif fut Wilhelm Lobscheid, qui a non seulement recruté des chinois par le biais du système de servage, mais aussi conseillé l'organisme britannique en matière de politique. Les missionnaires chrétiens ont aidé au processus d'emigration de chinois convertis vers la Guyana britannique et Hawaii. En effet, la mission Bassel, concentrée sur l'évangélisation parmi les Hakka, leur a aussi offert asile lors des rebellions Taiping et les luttes entre le peuple Hakka et le peuple cantonnais. De même, elle a aidé les familles chrétiennes à émigrer vers la Guyana et Hawaii, où elles ont bâti des églises qui ont servi de centres religieux, éducatifs et sociaux. Une fois les contrats terminés, la plupart des travailleurs engagés par contrat ont abandonné les champs de canne à sucre, mais peu d'entre eux avaient l'argent pour rentrer chez eux. En revanche, ils se sont installés dans les villes, ce qui a eu comme résultat l'établissement de sociétés multiculturelles et multiraciales, ainsi que la création de congrégations chrétiennes aux Indes Occidentales et à Hawaii.

"This volume applies theoretical principles, along with related aspects of Schwartz's model and the work of other significant memory theorists, to a number of case studies from ancient Jewish and early Christian history. The contributors to the present volume ask three questions of specific research problems within their individual fields of expertise: How can one separate the actual past from commemorative dressing in the extant sources, and what difference does it make to do so?; How did ancient Jews and early Christians draw upon the past to create a durable sense of communal identity, often in the face of trauma?; and, What strategies of keying and framing are evident in the extant sources, and what can these tell us about those texts and their authors and original audiences? While the contributors to the volume answer, and nuance, these questions in different ways as they address them to their respective cases in point, together they serve as the unifying theme of this book"--