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In this study, economic growth and development of Nigeria after the crisis is discussed. Nigeria's economy is projected to grow by 7 percent in 2011. Near-term risks to growth mostly relate to domestic factors. Nigeria's strong external position and low debt helped mitigate the impact of the global financial crisis. Conflicting objectives of monetary policy and policy framework should focus more on price stability. Establishment of an asset management corporation to clean up the bank balance sheet is encouraged

The Cambridge Companion to International Organizations Law illuminates, from a legal perspective, what international organizations are, what makes them 'tick' and how they affect the world around them. It critically discusses such classic issues as the concept of international organization and membership, as well as questions of internal relations, accountability and how they make law, set standards and otherwise affect both their member states and the world around them. The volume further discusses the role of international organizations in particular policy domains, zooming in on domains which are not often discussed through international organizations, including disarmament, energy, food security and health. Eventually, a picture emerges of international organizations as complex phenomena engaging in all sorts of activities and relationships, the operation and authority of which is underpinned by the rules and regulations of international law.

Intro -- _GoBack -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Executive summary -- Introduction -- What is this publication about? -- Who is this publication for? -- What is the aim of this publication? -- What is in this publication? -- 1. Why tourism? -- Introduction to tourism as a key driver of socioeconomic development -- Trends and opportunities in tourism -- 2. How can intellectual property support tourism development? -- What is IP and why promote it? -- How can IP rights be used in the tourism value chain? -- What are the main IP rights relevant to tourism? -- Traditional cultural expressions and traditional knowledge: a special case -- 3. Boosting tourism development through intellectual property rights -- How can stakeholders in the tourism value chain benefit from IP? -- Case Study 1. Promoting partnerships between tourism and local providers for sustainable development in Turkey -- Case Study 2. Geographical indications as a tool for developing tourism and reviving the local economy in Cambodia -- Case Study 3. Performing arts and copyright: creating innovative tourism products in Mexico -- Case Study 4. Boosting tourism opportunities through a beverage trademark in Sri Lanka -- Case Study 5. Fair Trade Tourism: a certification mark fostering sustainable tourism in Africa -- Case Study 6. The collective mark as a tool for boosting local economies within the tourism value chain in the Gambia -- Case Study 7. Trademarks and tourism trails: a solid alliance to support job creation and the development of rural economies in Lebanon -- Case Study 8. Using certification marks to target market segments in the tourism sector -- How can policymakers use IP rights in tourism destination promotion and branding? -- Case Study 9. Armani Hotel, Dubai, United Arab Emirates: a designer's hotel experience.

International organization — Officials — Unilateral amendment of conditions of service — Procedure for challenging amendments.

The article studies the place and the role of international governmental and non-governmental organizations in the democratization of the election in Ukraine. Using a set of general scientific, logical and empirical scientific methods, the authors have identified the main forms of influence of international organizations on the democratization of the electoral process: regulatory influence (development of legal documents governing compliance with international democratic standards by international organizations; assessment of compliance with democratic principles of national election legislation and creation of recommendations for its improvement); controlling influence (implementation by international organizations of short-term and long-term observation of the election campaign, voting and counting of votes); institutional and functional influence (implementation by international organizations of projects to improve the election in specific countries by providing logistical, advisory, educational assistance, etc.). The peculiarities of international organizations' implementation of the above-mentioned forms of influence during the elections in Ukraine are analyzed. It is concluded that the most important electoral role is played by international organizations in transit societies, where the promotion of electoral procedures by the international community often becomes a catalyst for democratic change in these countries. The authors argue that international organizations have pursued an active policy to support the elections in Ukraine since independence till now. They have had a significant impact on the democratization of electoral law and electoral practice of our country and contributed to the formation of democratic electoral awareness and culture of Ukrainian citizens.

management practices are examined & the confusion re line & staff is found to be due to a failure to adequately define both. Line & staff are seen as functions & a typical org chart is presented. Next, they are viewed as an authority relationship. A redefinition of the terms is proposed: (1) From the viewpoint of the functions performed, a line official is one in the direct chain of command over those workers who directly accomplish enterprise objectives. Any other official is staff. (2) From the viewpoint of authority relationships, a line official is one who exercises relatively unlimited authority over a person to whom he gives directives. A staff official exercises authority only within his limited functional area. These definitions are not mutually exclusive, but should really be complementary to each other. M. Maxfield.