Suchergebnisse

Introduction : the worlds of environmental justice / Ryan Holifield, Jayajit Chakraborty, and Gordon Walker -- Historicizing the personal and the political : evolving racial formations and the environmental justice movement / Laura Pulido -- 3social movements for environmental justice through the lens of social movement theory / Diane M. Sicotte and Robert J. Brulle -- Environmental justice movements and political opportunity structures / David N. Pellow -- Environmental justice and rational choice theory / William M. Bowen -- The political economy of environmental justice / Daniel Faber -- Feminism and environmental justice / Greta Gaard -- Opening black boxes : environmental justice and injustice through the lens of science and technology studies / Gwen Ottinger -- Procedural environmental justice / Derek Bell and Jayne Carrick -- The recognition paradigm of environmental injustice / Kyle Whyte -- A capabilities approach to environmental injustice / Rosie Day -- Vulnerability, equality, and environmental justice : the potential and limits of law / Sheila Foster -- Environmental human rights / Kerri Woods -- Sustainability discourses and justice : towards social-ecological justice / Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling and Åsa Svenfelt -- Spatial representation and estimation of environmental risk : a review of analytic approaches / Jayajit Chakraborty -- Assessing population at risk : areal interpolation and dasymetric mapping / Juliana Maantay and Andrew Maroko -- Application of spatial statistical techniques / Jeremy Mennis and Megan Heckert -- Historical approaches to environmental justice / Christopher G. Boone and Geoffrey L. Buckley -- The ethics of embodied engagement : ethnographies of environmental justice / Kathleen M. de Onís and Phaedra C. Pezzullo -- Storytelling environmental justice : cultural studies approaches / Donna Houston and Pavithra Vasudevan -- Facilitating transdisciplinary conversations in environmental justice studies / Jonathan K. London, Julie Sze, and Mary L. Cadenasso -- Cumulative risk assessment : an analytic tool to inform policy choices about environmental justice / Ken Sexton and Stephen H. Linder -- A review of community-engaged research approaches used to achieve environmental justice and eliminate disparities / Jacoby Wilson, Aaron Aber, Lindsey Wright, and Vivek Ravichandran -- Participatory GIS and community-based citizen science for environmental justice action / Muki Haklay and Louise Francis -- Streams of toxic and hazardous waste disparities, politics, and policy / Troy D. Abel and Mark Stephan -- Air pollution and respiratory health : does better evidence lead to policy paralysis? / Michael Buzzelli -- Water justice : key concepts, debates and research agendas / Leila M. Harris, Scott McKenzie, Lucy Rodina, Sameer H. Shah, Nicole J. Wilson -- Environmental justice and flood hazards : a conceptual framework applied to emerging findings and future research needs / Timothy W. Collins and Sara E. Grineski -- Climate change and environmental justice / Philip Coventry and Chukwumerije Okereke -- Environmental justice and large-scale mining / Leire Urkidi and Mariana Walter -- Justice in energy system transitions : a synthesis and agenda / Karen Bickerstaff -- Transportation and environmental justice : history and emerging practice / Alex Karner, Aaron Golub, Karel Martens, Glenn Robinson -- Food justice : an environmental justice approach to food and agriculture / Alison Hope Alkon -- Environmental crime and justice : a green criminological examination / Michael J. Lynch and Kimberly L. Barrett -- Urban parks, gardens and greenspace / Jason Byrne -- Urban planning, community (re)development, and environmental gentrification : emerging challenges for green and equitable neighbourhoods / Isabelle Anguelovski, Anna Livia Brand, Eric Chu, and Kian Goh -- Just conservation : the evolving relationship between society and protected areas / Maureen G. Reed and Colleen George -- Free-market economics, multinational corporations and environmental justice in a globalized world / Ruchi Anand -- Global environmental justice / Leah Temper -- Environmental justice for a changing arctic and its original peoples / Alana Shaw -- Environmental injustice in resource-rich Aboriginal Australia / Donna Green, Marianne Sullivan and Karrina Nolan -- Environmental justice across borders : lessons from the US-Mexico borderlands / Sara E. Grineski and Timothy W. Collins -- The dawn of environmental justice? : the record of left and socialist governance in Central and South America / Karen Bell -- Urban environmental (in)justice in Latin America : the case of Chile / Alexis Vásquez, Michael Lukas, Marcela Salgado and José Mayorga -- Environmental justice in Nigeria : divergent tales, paradoxes and future prospects / Rhuks T. Ako and Damilola S. Olawuyi -- Sub-imperial ecosystem management in Africa : continental implications of South African environmental injustices / Patrick Bond -- Environmental justice and attachment to place : Australian cases / David Schlosberg, Lauren Rickards, and Jason Byrne -- Environmental justice in South and Southeast Asia : inequalities and struggles in rural and urban contexts / Pratyusha Basu -- Environmental justice in a transitional and transboundary context in East Asia / Mei-Fang Fan and Kuei-Tien Chou -- Environmental justice in Western Europe / Heike Köckler, Séverine Deguen, Andrea Ranzi, Anders Melin, and Gordon Walker -- Environmental justice in Central and Eastern Europe : mobilization, stagnation, and detraction / Tamara Steger, Richard Filcak, and Krista Harper

Part I. Great Theorists -- Chapter 1. Toward a Sport Ethic: Science, Politics, and Weber's Sociology / Robert Beamish, PhD ; Four Pure Types of Action ; Science and Ethics: The Limits of Goal-Rational Action ; The Politics of Ethical Conduct in Sport ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Sources -- Chapter 2. Civilizing Sports: Figurational Sociology and the Sociology of Sport / Eric Dunning, PhD ; The Figurational Sociology of Sport and Its Critics ; Criticizing and Testing Elias ; The "Civilizing" of Modern Sports ; Soccer Hooliganism as an English and World Problem ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 3. Beyond the Sociological Imagination: Doing Autoethnography to Explore Intersections of Biography and History / Nancy Spencer, PhD ; Sociological Imagination ; Applying the Sociological Imagination to Research ; Applying Critical Sociological Imagination to My Studies ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Part II. Research Guided by Mid-Level Sociological Theories -- Chapter 4. The Sociology of Science: Sport, Training, and the Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances / Ian Ritchie, PhD ; Theories in the Sociology of Science ; Sport and the Science of Training: The Conservation of Energy and Beyond ; Understanding the Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 5. Political Economy: Sport and Urban Development / Kimberly S. Schimmel, PhD ; Urban Political Economy and Urban Regime Theory ; Sport Development and Urban Development in Historical Perspective ; Sport, Urban Regime, and Urban Development in Indianapolis ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 6. Institutional Logics Theory: Examining Big-Time College Sport / Richard M. Southall, EdD, and Mark S. Nagel, EdD ; Theory of Institutional Logics ; Case Study: 2007 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Broadcasts ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 7. Playing for Whom? Sport, Religion, and the Double-Movement of Secularization in America / David Yamane, PhD, Charles E. Mellies, BA, and Teresa Blake, BA ; The Double Movement of Secularization ; Societal-Level Secularization: The Differentiation of Sport from Religion ; Sport as Civil Religion? ; Organizational Innovation Connecting Religion and Sport ; Religion and Spirituality at the Individual Level ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Part III. Theories of Inequality -- Chapter 8. Feminist Theory and the Study of Sport: An Illustration from Title IX / Angela J. Hattery, PhD ; The First Wave ; Modern Feminist Theory:The Second Wave ; Postmodern Feminism: The Third Wave ; Title IX and Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Sport ; Discussion ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 9. Social and Cultural Capital: Race, School Attachment, and the Role of High School Sports / Rhonda F. Levine, PhD ; Theoretical Frameworks ; Sport Participation, Academic Achievement and School Attachment ; Role of Coaches ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research Additional Resources -- Chapter 10. Race, Class, and Gender Theory: Violence Against Women in the Institution of Sport / Earl Smith, PhD, and Benny Cooper, BA ; The Issue ; Methods and Data ; Discussion ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 11. Masculinities and the Sociology of Sport: Issues and Ironies in the 21st Century / Bryan E. Denham, PhD -- Hegemonic Masculinity ; Constructions of Masculinity in Professional Football ; Constructions of Masculinity in Hardcore Bodybuilding ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 12. Getting Girls in the Game: Negotiations of Structure and Agency in a Girls' Recreational Sport Program / Cheryl Cooky, PhD ; Overview of Theories of Structuration ; Culture ; Girls in the Game ; Cultural Analysis: Discursive Constructions of Sport and the "At-Risk" Girls ; Helping Girls "At-Risk": The Structure of "Girls in the Game" ; "Doing Whatever We Want": Reproductive Agency at GIG ; Negotiating Agency and Constraint in Everyday Social Interactions: The Role of Culture in School-Sanctioned Verus Hip-Hop Femininities ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Part IV. Microlevel Theories -- Chapter 13. The Mundanity of Excellence: Tiger Woods and Excellence in Golf / Earl Smith, PhD ; Tiger the Golfer ; Theory of Dominance in Sport ; Discussion ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 14. Making it Big: Visible Symbols of Success, Physical Appearance, and Sport Figures / Bonnie Berry, PhD ; The Null Hypothesis and Methodology ; Observations of Sport, Fitness, and "Health" Magazine Images ; Interpretations: Some Features on Which to Focus ; Symbolic Interaction, Dramaturgy, and Image-Making ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Chapter 15. Sport and Multiple Identities in Postwar Trinidad: The Case of McDonald Bailey / Roy D. McCree, PhD ; Theoretical Considerations ; Methodology ; Athletic Representation and Multiple Identities: Trinidadian or British ; Conclusion ; Suggested Research ; Additional Resources -- Epilogue -- References -- Index -- About the Editor.

Information disorder (satire or parody, false connections, misleading content, false context, imposter content, manipulated content or fabricated content) must be considered a social problem that is causing collective damages and threating digital society. Women, in particular, are becoming victims of hostilities on the virtual interaction spaces. This problem is currently known as "digital sexism" and "gender disinformation". In this space, verification journalism, a trendy format, aims to reduce the effects of hoaxes introducing the fact-checking process in its professional routines. However, this is still a minority task. In order to contribute to the study of the disinformation phenomenon in relation to online messages about women, this research has developed a systematic tool to classify hoaxes that have been refuted by the platform Maldita.es, specifically, fake news that has been published on it sections Maldito Feminismo (N=71). The results of this study (internal validity) show that hoaxes detected by Maldito Feminismo are misleading content that expect to damage feminism (this is the main topic of fake news) and have a political purpose. These information disorders are displayed in text format and are mainly created and distributed on social networks. Moreover, although users collaborate and participate detecting and reporting hoaxes, the platform Maldito Feminismo identifies, locates and denounces most of the fake news. ; El desorden informativo (sátira o parodia, conexión falsa, contenido engañoso, contexto falso, contenido impostor, contenido manipulado o contenido fabricado) debe ser considerado como un problema social en la medida en que se empiezan a demostrar sus daños colectivos, que amenazan a la sociedad digital. De forma particular, las mujeres están siendo víctimas de hostilidades en los espacios de interacción virtuales, lo que se empieza a conocer como "sexismo digital" y "desinformación de género". En este escenario, el periodismo de verificación, un formato tendencia, trata de paliar los efectos de los bulos introduciendo, entre sus rutinas profesionales, el desmentido de esos contenidos; sin embargo, aún es un trabajo minoritario. Para contribuir al estudio del fenómeno de la desinformación, en relación con los mensajes que circulan en Internet sobre las mujeres, esta investigación propone una herramienta de clasificación sistemática de los bulos desmentidos por el medio Maldita.es, en concreto, aquellos publicados en su sección Maldito Feminismo (N=71). Los resultados de este estudio (que tienen una validez interna) revelan que los bulos detectados por Maldito Feminismo son noticias falsas de contenido engañoso, que buscan dañar el feminismo (ya que este es el tema principal de la mayoría de bulos analizados) y tienen un propósito político. Estos desórdenes informativos se crean y distribuyen, principalmente, a través de las redes sociales en formato texto. Aunque los usuarios colaboran y participan en la detección y denuncia de los bulos, normalmente, suele ser la plataforma Maldita Feminismo quien identifica, localiza y delata la mayoría de noticias falsas. ; A desordem informativa (sátira ou paródia, conexão falsa, conteúdo enganoso, contexto falso, conteúdo impostor, conteúdo manipulado ou conteúdo fabricado) deve ser considerada um problema social enquanto os danos coletivos que provoca e que ameaçam à sociedade digitalcomeçam a ser descobertos. Particularmente, as mulheres são vítimas de hostilidades nos espaços de interação virtuais. Esse fenômeno é conhecido como "sexismo digital" e "desinformação de gênero". Neste cenário, o jornalismo de verificação (oufact checking journalismem inglês), um formato que é tendência, tenta paliar os efeitos das calúnias ou difamações a introduzir nas rotinas profissionais a prática de desmascarar essas calúnias. Contudo ainda é um trabalho pouco expandido. Para contribuir ao estudo do fenômeno da desinformação em relação com as mensagens que circulam na Internet sobre as mulheres, esta investigação propõe uma ferramenta de classificação sistemática das calúnias desmascaradas pela Maldita.es na seção Maldito Feminismo (N=71). Os resultados deste estudo revelam que as calúnias detectadas pela seção Maldito Feminismo são notícias falsas de conteúdo enganoso. Esses conteúdos têm a intenção de prejudicar ao feminismo (este é o assunto principal da maior parte das calúnias analisadas) com um propósito político. Essas desordens informativas são criadas e distribuídas principalmente pelas redes sociais na forma de texto. Embora os usuários colaboram e participam na detecção e denúncia dessas calúnias, é a plataforma Maldito Feminismo à que frequentemente identifica, localiza e desmascara a maior parte das notícias falsas.

У статті проаналізовано історію українських перекладів французької жіночої прози та висвітлено роль журналу іноземної літератури «Всесвіт». Встановлено, що радянський період мав особливості перекладання французьких жіночих творів, які зумовлені історико-культурним та політичним контекстами, зокрема чинниками ідеології, цензури, ставленням до фемінізму, літературними і перекладацькими канонами тощо. З'ясовано, що важливою подією для становлення французько-українського перекладу жіночої прози в радянську добу стала публікація у 1976 році в журналі «Всесвіт» роману Ф. Саган «Тьмяний профіль» у перекладі видатного перекладача В. Коптілова. Певні зсуви в перекладі в бік мінімізації чи гіперболізації фемінних чи маскулінних рис персонажів можна трактувати як намагання перекладача посилити експресію перекладного тексту. Результати дослідження показали, що передвісником прагнень України вийти із колоніального перекладацького дискурсу СРСР і залежності від ідеології та видавничої політики Москви у 1991 році стала публікація у «Всесвіті» роману Р. Дефорж «Анна Київська» в перекладі Г. Філіпчука. Це певний прорив у контексті фемінного/гендерного перекладу. Історичний за своїм жанром, роман містить сцени відверто еротичного характеру, які вперше в історії французько-українського перекладу відтворювались українською мовою. Заміна зовсім іншою назвою в перекладі назви роману Р. Дефорж «Sous le Ciel de Novgorod» на «Анна Київська» вказує на бажання Г. Філіпчука привернути більшу увагу українського читача до твору і є виявом фемінізувальної стратегії. ; В статье проанализирована история украинских переводов французской женской прозы и освещена роль журнала иностранной литературы «Всесвіт» («Вселенная»). По результатам анализа сделаны выводы, что советский период имел особенности перевода французских женских произведений, обусловленных историко-культурным и политическим контекстами, в частности факторами идеологии, цензуры, отношением к феминизму, литературными и переводческими канонами т.п. Выяснено, что важным событием для становления французско-украинского перевода женской прозы в советские времена стала публикация в 1976 году в журнале «Вселенная» романа Ф. Саган «Неясный профиль» в переводе известного переводчика В. Коптилова. Определенные сдвиги в переводе в сторону минимизации или гиперболизации феминных или маскулинных черт персонажей можно трактовать как попытку переводчика усилить экспрессию переводимого текста. Результаты исследования показали, что предвестником стремлений Украины выйти из колониального переводческого дискурса СССР и зависимости от иде ологии и издательской политики Москвы в 1991 году стала публикация во «Вселенной» романа Р. Дефорж «Анна Киевская» в переводе Г. Филипчука. Это определенный прорыв в контексте феминного/гендерного перевода. Исторический по своему жанру, роман содержит сцены откровенно эротического характера, которые впервые в истории французско-украинского перевода воспроизводились на украинский язык. Замена названия совсем другим в переводе романа Р. Дефорж «Sous le Ciel de Novgorod» на «Анна Киевская» указывает на желание Г. Филипчука привлечь больше внимание украинского читателя к произведению и является проявлением феминизированной стратегии. ; The article deals with the history of Ukrainian translations of French women's prose. The role of the journal of Foreign Literature "Vsesvit" is described. It has been established that the Soviet period had its particularities of translation of French female literature through the interaction of different contexts – historical, cultural and political, literary, which influenced the choice of translation methods and the degree of faithfulness to the author's plan. The role of ideological factors, including censorship, attitude to feminism, literary canons and translation were also under consideration. Special emphasis is given to the publications in the journal "Vsesvit". The paper also contains the discussion of major difficulties translators (Viktor Koptilov and Hryhoriy Filipchuk) experience in rendering Françoise Sagan (Un profil perdu) and Régine Deforges's (Sous le Ciel de Novgorod) novels in the target language. The Ukrainian translation by V. Koptilov of the novel «Un Profil Perdu» by Francoise Sagan was analyzed. Certain shifts in translation towards minimization or hyperbolization of feminine and masculine characters' features can be interpreted as a translator's effort to increase the expression of the translated text. The results of the study showed that the publication in 1991 of the novel by R. Deforges "Sous le Ciel de Novgorod" translated by H. Filipchuk became the desire of Ukraine to go out of the colonial translation discourse of the USSR and dependence on the ideology and publishing policy of Moscow. This novel contains erotic scenes, which for the first time in the history of French-Ukrainian translation were reproduced into Ukrainian. R. Deforges' "Sous le Ciel de Novgorod" was published in Ukrainian translation under the title "Anna Kyivska". The analysis demonstrates that translators used lexical and stylistic resources of the Ukrainian language, thus applying the strategy of domestication.

La violencia de género es un problema global pero con realidades más cruentas en ciertas regiones y países. Este es el caso de México en el que mueren 7 mujeres cada día. Ante este escenario y como respuesta a la incapacidad gubernamental para resolver esta violación constante a los derechos humanos de las mujeres en los últimos años se han realizado diferentes acciones de lucha política para erradicar esta violencia. En algunos casos dinamizadas por las instituciones gubernamentales y mayoritariamente desde la sociedad civil organizada. Partiendo de la concepción de que Internet y las redes sociales son herramientas fundamentales del activismo y de la lucha feminista del siglo XXI, este estudio tiene como objetivo, desde una perspectiva crítica, analizar el uso y valoración que hacen de Facebook las asociaciones que luchan contra la violencia de género en México. A través de una metodología cuantitativa hemos obtenido un mapa descriptivo de las páginas activas de Facebook sobre esta temática. Con la parte cualitativa, realizando entrevistas en profundidad a asociaciones de activistas que usan la red social, hemos identificado las dinámicas de apropiación y usos de la plataforma. Nuestros resultados indican que las entidades usan Facebook de una forma poco crítica pero consiguen tener impacto contra la lucha de género ya que se convierte en una plataforma que crea una noción de sororidad y es percibida como asequible y cercana donde las mujeres se sienten seguras para denunciar casos de violencia. ; A violência de gênero é um problema global, mas com realidades mais sangrentas em certas regiões e países. Este é o caso do México em que morrem 7 mulheres por dia. Frente a este cenário e como resposta à incapacidade governamental para resolver esta violação constante aos direitos humanos das mulheres, nos últimos anos foram realizadas diferentes ações de luta política para erradicar esta violência. Em alguns casos dinamizados pelas instituições governamentais e majoritariamente pela sociedade civil organizada. Partindo da concepção de a que Internet e as redes sociais são ferramentas fundamentais do ativismo e da luta feminista, desde o século XXI, este estudo tem como objetivo, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, analisar o uso e o valor que fazem do Facebook as associações que lutam contra a violência de gênero no México. Através de uma metodologia quantitativa obtivemos um mapa descritivo das páginas ativas do Facebook sobre esta temática. Com a parte qualitativa, realizando entrevistas com profundidade com associações de ativistas que usam a rede social, identificamos as dinâmicas de apropriação e usos da plataforma. Nossos resultados indicam que as entidades usam Facebook de uma forma pouco crítica mas conseguem ter impacto contra a luta de gênero já que se converte em uma plataforma que cria uma noção de sororidade e é percebida como acessível e próxima onde as mulheres se sentem seguras para denunciar casos de violência. ; Gender violence is a global problem but with more worrying realities in certain regions and countries. This is the case of Mexico where 7 women die every day. Given this scenario and in response to the government's inability to resolve this constant violation of women's human rights, in recent years different political actions have been carried out to eradicate this violence. In some cases, these are energized by governmental institutions but to a large extent these actions are carried out by organized civil society. Starting from the conception that the Internet and social networks are fundamental tools for the activism in the 21st century, as well as for feminism, this study aims, from a critical perspective, to analyze the use and appreciation of Facebook by the organizations that fight to eradicate gender violence in Mexico. Through a quantitative methodology we have obtained a descriptive map of the active pages of Facebook on this subject. With the qualitative part, conducting in-depth interviews with activist associations that use the social network, we have identified the dynamics of appropriation and use of the platform. Our results indicate that the entities use Facebook in an uncritical way but they manage to have an impact against gender violence since it becomes a platform that creates a notion of sorority and is perceived as a friendly platform where women feel safe to denounce cases of violence.

La violencia de género es un problema global pero con realidades más cruentas en ciertas regiones y países. Este es el caso de México en el que mueren 7 mujeres cada día. Ante este escenario y como respuesta a la incapacidad gubernamental para resolver esta violación constante a los derechos humanos de las mujeres en los últimos años se han realizado diferentes acciones de lucha política para erradicar esta violencia. En algunos casos dinamizadas por las instituciones gubernamentales y mayoritariamente desde la sociedad civil organizada. Partiendo de la concepción de que Internet y las redes sociales son herramientas fundamentales del activismo y de la lucha feminista del siglo XXI, este estudio tiene como objetivo, desde una perspectiva crítica, analizar el uso y valoración que hacen de Facebook las asociaciones que luchan contra la violencia de género en México. A través de una metodología cuantitativa hemos obtenido un mapa descriptivo de las páginas activas de Facebook sobre esta temática. Con la parte cualitativa, realizando entrevistas en profundidad a asociaciones de activistas que usan la red social, hemos identificado las dinámicas de apropiación y usos de la plataforma. Nuestros resultados indican que las entidades usan Facebook de una forma poco crítica pero consiguen tener impacto contra la lucha de género ya que se convierte en una plataforma que crea una noción de sororidad y es percibida como asequible y cercana donde las mujeres se sienten seguras para denunciar casos de violencia. ; A violência de gênero é um problema global, mas com realidades mais sangrentas em certas regiões e países. Este é o caso do México em que morrem 7 mulheres por dia. Frente a este cenário e como resposta à incapacidade governamental para resolver esta violação constante aos direitos humanos das mulheres, nos últimos anos foram realizadas diferentes ações de luta política para erradicar esta violência. Em alguns casos dinamizados pelas instituições governamentais e majoritariamente pela sociedade civil organizada. Partindo da concepção de a que Internet e as redes sociais são ferramentas fundamentais do ativismo e da luta feminista, desde o século XXI, este estudo tem como objetivo, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, analisar o uso e o valor que fazem do Facebook as associações que lutam contra a violência de gênero no México. Através de uma metodologia quantitativa obtivemos um mapa descritivo das páginas ativas do Facebook sobre esta temática. Com a parte qualitativa, realizando entrevistas com profundidade com associações de ativistas que usam a rede social, identificamos as dinâmicas de apropriação e usos da plataforma. Nossos resultados indicam que as entidades usam Facebook de uma forma pouco crítica mas conseguem ter impacto contra a luta de gênero já que se converte em uma plataforma que cria uma noção de sororidade e é percebida como acessível e próxima onde as mulheres se sentem seguras para denunciar casos de violência. ; Gender violence is a global problem but with more worrying realities in certain regions and countries. This is the case of Mexico where 7 women die every day. Given this scenario and in response to the government's inability to resolve this constant violation of women's human rights, in recent years different political actions have been carried out to eradicate this violence. In some cases, these are energized by governmental institutions but to a large extent these actions are carried out by organized civil society. Starting from the conception that the Internet and social networks are fundamental tools for the activism in the 21st century, as well as for feminism, this study aims, from a critical perspective, to analyze the use and appreciation of Facebook by the organizations that fight to eradicate gender violence in Mexico. Through a quantitative methodology we have obtained a descriptive map of the active pages of Facebook on this subject. With the qualitative part, conducting in-depth interviews with activist associations that use the social network, we have identified the dynamics of appropriation and use of the platform. Our results indicate that the entities use Facebook in an uncritical way but they manage to have an impact against gender violence since it becomes a platform that creates a notion of sorority and is perceived as a friendly platform where women feel safe to denounce cases of violence.

Gender violence is a global problem but with more worrying realities in certain regions and countries. This is the case of Mexico where 7 women die every day. Given this scenario and in response to the government's inability to resolve this constant violation of women's human rights, in recent years different political actions have been carried out to eradicate this violence. In some cases, these are energized by governmental institutions but to a large extent these actions are carried out by organized civil society. Starting from the conception that the Internet and social networks are fundamental tools for the activism in the 21st century, as well as for feminism, this study aims, from a critical perspective, to analyze the use and appreciation of Facebook by the organizations that fight to eradicate gender violence in Mexico. Through a quantitative methodology we have obtained a descriptive map of the active pages of Facebook on this subject. With the qualitative part, conducting in-depth interviews with activist associations that use the social network, we have identified the dynamics of appropriation and use of the platform. Our results indicate that the entities use Facebook in an uncritical way but they manage to have an impact against gender violence since it becomes a platform that creates a notion of sorority and is perceived as a friendly platform where women feel safe to denounce cases of violence. ; La violencia de género es un problema global pero con realidades más cruentas en ciertas regiones y países. Este es el caso de México en el que mueren 7 mujeres cada día. Ante este escenario y como respuesta a la incapacidad gubernamental para resolver esta violación constante a los derechos humanos de las mujeres en los últimos años se han realizado diferentes acciones de lucha política para erradicar esta violencia. En algunos casos dinamizadas por las instituciones gubernamentales y mayoritariamente desde la sociedad civil organizada. Partiendo de la concepción de que Internet y las redes sociales son herramientas fundamentales del activismo y de la lucha feminista del siglo XXI, este estudio tiene como objetivo, desde una perspectiva crítica, analizar el uso y valoración que hacen de Facebook las asociaciones que luchan contra la violencia de género en México. A través de una metodología cuantitativa hemos obtenido un mapa descriptivo de las páginas activas de Facebook sobre esta temática. Con la parte cualitativa, realizando entrevistas en profundidad a asociaciones de activistas que usan la red social, hemos identificado las dinámicas de apropiación y usos de la plataforma. Nuestros resultados indican que las entidades usan Facebook de una forma poco crítica pero consiguen tener impacto contra la lucha de género ya que se convierte en una plataforma que crea una noción de sororidad y es percibida como asequible y cercana donde las mujeres se sienten seguras para denunciar casos de violencia. ; A violência de gênero é um problema global, mas com realidades mais sangrentas em certas regiões e países. Este é o caso do México em que morrem 7 mulheres por dia. Frente a este cenário e como resposta à incapacidade governamental para resolver esta violação constante aos direitos humanos das mulheres, nos últimos anos foram realizadas diferentes ações de luta política para erradicar esta violência. Em alguns casos dinamizados pelas instituições governamentais e majoritariamente pela sociedade civil organizada. Partindo da concepção de a que Internet e as redes sociais são ferramentas fundamentais do ativismo e da luta feminista, desde o século XXI, este estudo tem como objetivo, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, analisar o uso e o valor que fazem do Facebook as associações que lutam contra a violência de gênero no México. Através de uma metodologia quantitativa obtivemos um mapa descritivo das páginas ativas do Facebook sobre esta temática. Com a parte qualitativa, realizando entrevistas com profundidade com associações de ativistas que usam a rede social, identificamos as dinâmicas de apropriação e usos da plataforma. Nossos resultados indicam que as entidades usam Facebook de uma forma pouco crítica mas conseguem ter impacto contra a luta de gênero já que se converte em uma plataforma que cria uma noção de sororidade e é percebida como acessível e próxima onde as mulheres se sentem seguras para denunciar casos de violência.

«The Theory of Justice» by John Rawls, being an «unfinished project», undergoes significant transformations related both to the general «postmodern situation» and to the political and economic processes of globalization, which determine the relevance of this article. The influence of socio-cultural, political and economic transformations of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries of Rawls׳ ideas was characterized in the article. The paper considers the changed context which is subjected to the influence of the political and economic processes of globalization. It is established that what is now called the «After Rawls» in Western theory reveals the following main areas of research: new interpretations of Rawls' fundamental concepts, the continuation of his dialogue with other scientific schools and the expansion of his political philosophy in the direction of both Western context and other national contexts of recent decades. The paper has also established that since we live in a world in which sex is always considered to be one of the most obvious reasons for establishing the legitimacy of various rights and restrictions and justice theory in its essence decides whether it is possible to treat people in different ways and why the appeal of the gender researchers to modern theories of justice is quite natural. The analysis of leading directions is presented: libertarianism, socialism, communitarianism, feminism. The article reveals that in this analysis with all the indicated differences – the general tendency is traced as for interpret in justice as a requirement of respect for the dignity of all people as free, equal, rational and moral individuals. The analysis of the works of scientists who represent a significant development of the ideas of classical Western philosophy has shown that those ideas dominate today in Western theories of justice. The article also reveals that at the beginning of the 21st century while developing a theory that includes women's experience and referring to issues associated with femininity gender researchers argue that at the level of generalizations feminist epistemology represents attempts of many oppressed groups to restore the value of their experience, thus achieving justice. The article notes that in the fundamental work of Rawls there is almost no indication that the modern liberal society, to which the principles of justice under discussion should be applied, is gender structured at all levels and in all spheres. ; Концепции социальной справедливости являются, по-прежнему, дискуссионными в современной науке; именно поэтому исследование справедливости в её постмодернистских аспектах, данных в этой статье, является валидным и актуальным. Влияние социокультурных, политических и экономических трансформаций конца ХХ – начала ХХI вв. на рецепцию идей Джона Ролза является предметом спорных аргументов в работах ведущих теоретиков: Насбаум, Оукин, Поджи, Иглтона, Миллера, Фукуямы, Хомски, Сэндела, Нильсена и др. С другой стороны, публикации последних лет по проблеме справедливости ярко демонстрируют, что феномен справедливости охватывает отчетливо постмодернистские тенденции. Утверждается, что два основных направления исследований в западной теории периода «After Rawls» акцентируют внимание на том, что работы Ролза строятся на консервативных и анти-космополитических положениях, что его эгалитарная доктрина в национальных границах с минимальными обязанностями вне этих границ оказывается весьма нестабильной и проблематичной. С точки зрения гендерных исследователей доказывается, что принадлежность к полу всегда считалась и сегодня считается одним из самых очевидных оснований для установления законности различных прав и ограничений. Важно также то, что в теории Ролза отсутствуют указания на то, что современное либеральное общество гендерно структурировано. ; Концепції соціальної справедливості є, як і раніше, дискусійними в сучасній науці; саме тому дослідження справедливості в її постмодерністських аспектах, даних у цій статті, є дійсним і актуальним. Вплив соціокультурних, політичних та економічних трансформацій кінця ХХ – початку ХХI ст. на рецепцію ідей Джона Роулза є предметом суперечливих аргументів у роботах провідних теоретиків: Насбаум, Оукін, Поджі, Іглтона, Міллера, Фукуями, Хомскі, Сендела, Нільсена та інших. З іншого боку, публікації останніх років із проблеми справедливості яскраво демонструють, що феномен справедливості охоплює чітко постмодерністські тенденції. Стверджується, що два основних напрямки досліджень у західній теорії періоду «After Rawls» акцентують увагу на тому, що роботи Ролза будуються на консервативних і анти-космополітичних положеннях, що його егалітарна доктрина в національних кордонах із мінімальними обов'язками поза цими межами виявляється вельми нестабільною і проблематичною. З точки зору гендерних дослідників доводиться, що приналежність до статі завжди вважалася й сьогодні вважається однією з найбільш очевидних підстав для встановлення законності різних прав та обмежень. Важливо також те, що в теорії Ролза відсутні вказівки на те, що сучасне ліберальне суспільство гендерно структуроване.

The article deals with the history of Ukrainian translations of French women's prose. The role of the journal of Foreign Literature "Vsesvit" is described. It has been established that the Soviet period had its particularities of translation of French female literature through the interaction of different contexts – historical, cultural and political, literary, which influenced the choice of translation methods and the degree of faithfulness to the author's plan. The role of ideological factors, including censorship, attitude to feminism, literary canons and translation were also under consideration. Special emphasis is given to the publications in the journal "Vsesvit". The paper also contains the discussion of major difficulties translators (Viktor Koptilov and Hryhoriy Filipchuk) experience in rendering Françoise Sagan (Un profil perdu) and Régine Deforges's (Sous le Ciel de Novgorod) novels in the target language. The Ukrainian translation by V. Koptilov of the novel «Un Profil Perdu» by Francoise Sagan was analyzed. Certain shifts in translation towards minimization or hyperbolization of feminine and masculine characters' features can be interpreted as a translator's effort to increase the expression of the translated text. The results of the study showed that the publication in 1991 of the novel by R. Deforges "Sous le Ciel de Novgorod" translated by H. Filipchuk became the desire of Ukraine to go out of the colonial translation discourse of the USSR and dependence on the ideology and publishing policy of Moscow. This novel contains erotic scenes, which for the first time in the history of French-Ukrainian translation were reproduced into Ukrainian. R. Deforges' "Sous le Ciel de Novgorod" was published in Ukrainian translation under the title "Anna Kyivska". The analysis demonstrates that translators used lexical and stylistic resources of the Ukrainian language, thus applying the strategy of domestication. ; В статье проанализирована история украинских переводов французской женской прозы и освещена роль журнала иностранной литературы «Всесвіт» («Вселенная»). По результатам анализа сделаны выводы, что советский период имел особенности перевода французских женских произведений, обусловленных историко-культурным и политическим контекстами, в частности факторами идеологии, цензуры, отношением к феминизму, литературными и переводческими канонами т.п. Выяснено, что важным событием для становления французско-украинского перевода женской прозы в советские времена стала публикация в 1976 году в журнале «Вселенная» романа Ф. Саган «Неясный профиль» в переводе известного переводчика В. Коптилова. Определенные сдвиги в переводе в сторону минимизации или гиперболизации феминных или маскулинных черт персонажей можно трактовать как попытку переводчика усилить экспрессию переводимого текста. Результаты исследования показали, что предвестником стремлений Украины выйти из колониального переводческого дискурса СССР и зависимости от иде ологии и издательской политики Москвы в 1991 году стала публикация во «Вселенной» романа Р. Дефорж «Анна Киевская» в переводе Г. Филипчука. Это определенный прорыв в контексте феминного/гендерного перевода. Исторический по своему жанру, роман содержит сцены откровенно эротического характера, которые впервые в истории французско-украинского перевода воспроизводились на украинский язык. Замена названия совсем другим в переводе романа Р. Дефорж «Sous le Ciel de Novgorod» на «Анна Киевская» указывает на желание Г. Филипчука привлечь больше внимание украинского читателя к произведению и является проявлением феминизированной стратегии. ; У статті проаналізовано історію українських перекладів французької жіночої прози та висвітлено роль журналу іноземної літератури «Всесвіт». Встановлено, що радянський період мав особливості перекладання французьких жіночих творів, які зумовлені історико-культурним та політичним контекстами, зокрема чинниками ідеології, цензури, ставленням до фемінізму, літературними і перекладацькими канонами тощо. З'ясовано, що важливою подією для становлення французько-українського перекладу жіночої прози в радянську добу стала публікація у 1976 році в журналі «Всесвіт» роману Ф. Саган «Тьмяний профіль» у перекладі видатного перекладача В. Коптілова. Певні зсуви в перекладі в бік мінімізації чи гіперболізації фемінних чи маскулінних рис персонажів можна трактувати як намагання перекладача посилити експресію перекладного тексту. Результати дослідження показали, що передвісником прагнень України вийти із колоніального перекладацького дискурсу СРСР і залежності від ідеології та видавничої політики Москви у 1991 році стала публікація у «Всесвіті» роману Р. Дефорж «Анна Київська» в перекладі Г. Філіпчука. Це певний прорив у контексті фемінного/гендерного перекладу. Історичний за своїм жанром, роман містить сцени відверто еротичного характеру, які вперше в історії французько-українського перекладу відтворювались українською мовою. Заміна зовсім іншою назвою в перекладі назви роману Р. Дефорж «Sous le Ciel de Novgorod» на «Анна Київська» вказує на бажання Г. Філіпчука привернути більшу увагу українського читача до твору і є виявом фемінізувальної стратегії.

20 years ago I was one of the 'new voices' invited to contribute a short piece to Sandra Grey and Marian Sawer's Women's Movements: Flourishing or in Abeyance (2008) in that piece I asked "please remember that young women are not the leaders of tomorrow. We are leaders of the women's movement today. However, do not think that this means that we want to do it without earlier generations of women's movement activists" (Lewis, 2008, p147). Disappointingly, I'm still making the same argument, that young/er women's voices and concerns within the women's movement are too often overlooked, and old/er women need to contribute to making space for young/er women within our organisations – a practice that might be considered one of 'intergenerational solidarity'. While solidarity has often been considered across race, sexuality and socio-economic groups (Segal, 2013), intergenerational solidarity is more commonly discussed in academic papers in terms of family relationships, rather than as a political practice. One of the few places in which there is a repeating interest in exploring questions of intergenerational work is within feminist organisations, and in journals with close ties to the women's movement (Abeysekera, 2004, Alpizar and Wilson, 2005). A number of international women's organisations, the World YWCA, AWID, Isis International, and Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) have ongoing programmes of work to address barriers to young women's leadership in their organisations. Within the field of leadership studies, the implicit assumption is that our leaders are old, or at least old/er people. Carole A. MacNeil drew attention to this gap within leadership studies through her analysis of Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership noting that although the book reviews "five thousand leadership studies, there is nothing about youth as leaders or about leadership development for youth" (2006, citing Bass 1981). MacNeil's reference to Stogdill's handbook dates back to the original publication, however, a brief review of the 4th edition suggests little has changed, while there was one brief and positive mention of old/er leaders within the discussions of minority leaders, no discussion of young/er leaders was readily identifiable (Bass, 2008). But the idea that the under-representation of young people in leadership roles in organisations and civil society is a problem is one that is starting to gain momentum (Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2014, United Nations Development Programme, 2013). The arguments as to why it is important that women's voices are heard in civil society are well rehearsed (Childs and Lovenduski, 2013), and similar arguments can be made for young women, but rarely have been. In this paper I want to highlight why in order to strengthen campaigns such as girls education and child marriage we need to ensure that not only the voices of young women and girls are heard, but that their leadership within our movements and movement organisations are recognised and respected. And that in order to achieve this we will need to develop practices of intergenerational solidarity. References ABEYSEKERA, S. 2004. Social Movements, Feminist Movements, and the State: A Regional Perspective [Online]. Available: http://www.isiswomen.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=518:social-movements-feminist-movements-and-the-state-a-regional-perspective&catid=116&Itemid=452 [Accessed 7 November 2016]. ALPIZAR, L. & WILSON, S. 2005. Making waves: how young women can (and do) transform organizations and movements. Spotlight. Toronto: Association of Women in Development. BASS, B. M. 2008. Handbook of leadership: theory, research, and application, New York, Free Press. CHILDS, S. & LOVENDUSKI, J. 2013. Political Representation. In: WAYLEN, G., CELIS, K., KANTOLA, J. & WELDON, L. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. GREY, S. & SAWER, M. 2008. Women's movements: flourishing or in abeyance?, Routledge. INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION 2014. Youth Participation in National Parliaments. LEWIS, E. 2008. New Voices. In: GREY, S. & SAWER, M. (eds.) Women's movements: flourishing or in abeyance? Oxon, UK: Routledge. MACNEIL, C. A. 2006. Bridging generations: Applying "adult" leadership theories to youth leadership development. New Directions for Youth Development, Spring, pp27-43. SEGAL, L. 2013. Today, Yesterday & Tomorrow: Between Rebellion and Coalition Building. In: ROWBOTHAM, S., SEGAL, L. & WAINWRIGHT, H. (eds.) Beyond the fragments: Feminism and the making of socialism. London: Merlin Press. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2013. Enhancing Youth Political Participation throughout the Electoral Cycle. New York: United Nations Development Programme.

El presente trabajo es el resultado de una investigación basada en dos tradiciones de investigación cualitativa: la observación participante promovida en un espacio de encuentro en la modalidad de "taller" y también de grupo de discusión. Con las cuales fue posible hacer visible los retos y obstáculos que han enfrentado diferentes mujeres psicoanalistas mexicanas que han ejercido funciones de liderazgo en instituciones.Desde el enfoque de género se estudió la condición de marginación de la mujer, los criterios de igualdad entre los géneros, los valores atribuidos al empoderamiento femenino y los modos de ejercicio del poder. A partir de teorías psicoanalíticas se estudió la construcción de subjetividades femeninas en estas nuevas condiciones. Los resultados arrojan que, si bien ha habido cambios significativos, sigue estando presente la inequidad entre los géneros en todos los ámbitos, pero que se refleja con mayor precisión en el ámbito laboral.No ha sido suficiente promover la igualdad legal, ya que las condiciones socioculturales conservan ideas tradicionales de una superioridad masculina para el ejercicio del liderazgo; una falsa idea que incluso comparten algunas mujeres y que contribuye a la desigualdad laboral entre mujeres y hombres. Las unidades de análisis para evaluar en este estudio fueron: a) liderazgo y feminismo; b) políticas de género, políticas de la subjetividad; c) ideas negativas acerca del poder y el liderazgo; d) características de las mujeres líderes; e) las mujeres y el liderazgo AbstractThis article is the result of an investigation based on two types of qualitative research: participant observation, which promoted a space for dialogue via a workshop model, as well as a focus discussion group. Through these methods, it was possible to make visible the challenges and obstacles that mexican psychoanalyst women in leadership roles have faced in their respective institutions.The themes of marginalization of women, criteria of equality between genders, the values attributed to feminine empowerment, and the wayspower is exercised, are all studied through a focus on gender. Psychoanalytic theory was used to study the construction of feminine subjectivities in these new conditions. The results show that, although there has been a significant shift, there is still inequity between genders in all areas. It is reflected most precisely in relation to the work sphere.It is not enough to promote legal equality, since socio-cultural conditions continue to propagate traditional ideas of masculine superiority in the exercise of leadership. This is a false idea that is shared even by some women and which contributes to work inequality between women and men. The units of analysis for this investigation were: a) leadership and feminism, b) gender and subjectivity politics, c) negative ideas regarding power and leadership, d) characteristics of women leaders, e) women and leadership.Resumo Este trabalho é o resultado de uma investigação baseada em duas tradições de pesquisa qualitativa: a observação participante promovida em um espaço de encontro na forma de "oficina" e também em discussão em grupo. Com as quais foi possível fazer visíveis os desafios e obstaculos que enfrentaram diferentes mulheres psicanalistas mexicanas que tenham prestado funções de liderança nas instituições.A partir da perspectiva de gênero foi estudada a condição de marginalização das mulheres, os critérios de igualdade entre os gêneros, os valores atribuídos ao empoderamento das mulheres e as formas de exercício do poder. A partir de teorías psicanalíticas, estudou-se a construção de subjetividades femininas nestas novas condições. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, embora tenha habido mudanças significativas, ainda está presente a desigualdade entre os gêneros em todas as áreas, mas se refletem mais precisamente no local de trabalho.Não foi suficiente promover a igualdade jurídica, já que as condições socioculturais preservam as ideias tradicionais de superioridade masculina para o exercício da liderança; equívoco que até mesmo algumas mulheres compartilham e que contribue para a desigualdade laboral entre mulheres e homens.As unidades de análise para avaliar neste estudo foram: a) liderança e feminismo, b) políticas de gênero, políticas da subjetividade, c) ideias negativas sobre poder e liderança,d) características de mulheres líderes e) mulheres e liderança.Palabras claveLiderazgo femenino, poder, subjetividad femenina, liderazgo femenino en instituciones psicoanalíticas.KeywordsFeminine leadership, power, feminine subjectivity, feminine leadership in psychoanalytic institutions.Palavras-chaveLiderança feminina, poder, subjetividade feminina, a liderança femininanas instituições psicanalíticas.

Introduction: Consumer Sexualities The introduction to Consumer Sexualities: Women and Sex Shopping sets out the main objective of the book: to provide an insight into the experiential, everyday dimensions of sexual consumption. It gives an overview of the theoretical frameworks used, including Foucault's technologies of the self and de Certeau's notion of 'making do' with the materials of commodity culture. It outlines how the qualitative research, including interviews and accompanied shopping trips, was undertaken and considers some of the challenges of researching sexual cultures. Finally, an overview of the following chapters is provided. Chapter One - Sexual Consumption and Liberation in Feminism This chapter deals with a series of 'moments', from the late 1960s to the 1980s, in which feminist connections between sexual liberation and the consumption of sexual commodities (such as the vibrator and dildo) were forged. Drawing on the Spare Rib magazine archive alongside a range of other primary and secondary sources, the chapter explores how sexual consumption as an enabler of sexual, and even socio-political emancipation, emerged as a key area of debate, although not of agreement, over this period. These moments point to a foundation, both discursive and material, for the 1990s postfeminist 'makeover' of sexual consumer culture. Chapter Two - Consumer Sex: Technologies of the Self This chapter explores the role of sexual consumption in an age of postfeminist neoliberalism. Examining popular forms of sex advice for women, the chapter argues that women are enjoined to participate in technologies of the sexual self that enable them to work upon their sexual consumer knowledge and identities. Such technologies were taken up in the doing of the research itself, both by researcher and participants. Finally, there is a discussion of the question of women's agency and lived experience – arguing for the importance of attending to women's ambivalent everyday negotiation of postfeminist culture. Chapter Three - Sexual Spaces: Going Sex Shopping This chapter explores the sex shop as a space of 'encounter', where sexualities are both represented and experienced. Through the distinctions made between sex shops – as accessible, feminine, tasteful, classy, tacky, seedy, and even dangerous – gendered and classed sexual identities are constructed and performed whilst non-respectable sexual identities are othered. Performing sex shopping in a confident, respectable, tasteful, knowledgeable and feminine manner can be understood as a key regulatory technology of the sexual self through which female subjects are incited to articulate and work upon their sexual identities and lives in neoliberalism. Chapter Four - The Sexy Body: Wearing Lingerie This chapter argues that lingerie is used as a technology of the self through which postfeminist forms of sexiness and femininity are constructed. However, embodied narratives of pleasure and discomfort in lingerie can be understood as negotiations with the postfeminist and neoliberal construction of the 'sexy body' as a visual project to be worked upon. Finally, the chapter highlights the ways in which lingerie can be deployed in non-(gender) normative ways through the process of pleasurable laughter, performance and play. Chapter Five - Sexual Objects: Using 'Sex Toys' This chapter examines the various ways in which sex toys are mobilised as part of sexual practice. The body and sex toy are understood as an 'assemblage' that can enable and disable particular sexual pleasures, identities and practices. Women's accounts point to the pressure to perform feminised emotional labour by working on the orgasmic sexual self and relationships. However, participants' experiences also demonstrate that, as sex toys are made ordinary through their repeated everyday use and their assemblage with bodies, their meanings may shift in ways that often exceed or contradict their significance as commodities in postfeminist sexual culture. Conclusion: (Sexual) Politics of the Ordinary The conclusion to Consumer Sexualities explores the wider implications of placing the everyday at the centre of an analysis of contemporary sexual cultures. This approach demonstrates that commodities like lingerie and sex toys are adapted, negotiated and transformed as they become embedded in the mundane, ordinary contexts of everyday sexual use. I suggest that focusing the critical gaze on the 'ordinariness' of sexual materials, far from being placatory or complacent, is key to forming a critical response to restrictive or moralising popular debates around sexual cultures.

Resumen: Se indaga sobre las nuevas perspectivas históricas que se oponen hoy a las tradicionales androcéntricas que instituyeron al varón adulto como sujeto privilegiado de la historia, partiendo de una exploración de las investigaciones presentadas, con ocasión del Bicentenario de la Independencia de Colombia, en la mesa "Familia, mujeres y sexualidades en la Nueva Granada y en Colombia" del XV Congreso de Historia. Se realiza un recorrido por la línea dedicada a las investigaciones sobre género, categoría planteada en términos relacionales, que ha posibilitado interpretaciones renovadoras de la construcción social y cultural de las diferencias entre las mujeres y los hombres en los análisis de los procesos históricos; se advierte de qué forma el uso de la categoría género ha contribuido a interrogar la dicotomía entre los ámbitos privados y los públicos, puesto que el matrimonio, la familia, el hogar, la intimidad, la sexualidad, se proyectan como asuntos de interés político. Se discute, en primer lugar, el trabajo sobre la fi gura histórica de Policarpa Solavarrieta y algunas de sus diversas representaciones, para luego resumir los estudios de documentación presentados por tres investigadoras, en relación con la Colonia en la Nueva Granada, en las provincias de Antioquia y Santa Fe y en la ciudad de Cali, a partir de los juicios criminales y los testamentos, sobre las formas de participación social y económica de las mujeres, el concubinato y el conyugicidio respectivamente. En relación con la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, se toman en cuenta dos investigaciones sobre las tensiones que se advierten en la producción de discursos legales, políticos, prescriptivos y literarios, a ropósito de la construcción y reconstrucción de las diferencias de género, durante la conformación del Estado Nacional. Se trata de dos ejercicios que muestran porciones del territorio: el Estado Soberano de Bolívar y la relaciónimaginada entre la ciudad Capital de la república con la "tierra caliente". Finalmente, en lo tocante al siglo XX, se da cuenta de dos investigaciones sobre cómo afectan a las mujeres las migraciones en porciones del erritorio santandereano y caribeño; una tercera, plantea el tema de la fi gura de la estudiante universitaria y su activismo estudiantil, del que surge el feminismo autónomo en la década de los años setenta, centrándose en el escenario de la Universidad de Antioquia en la ciudad de Medellín.Palabras clave: género, historia de Colombia, mujeres,bicentenario, Colonia, siglo XIX, siglo XX.Women in Some Trends in Historical Research in Contemporary Colombia. On the Occasion of the Bicentennial CelebrationAbstract: This paper looks into new perspectives in historical research opposed to androcentric traditions that place adult males as history's privileged subject, exploring papers presented in the track on "Family, Women and Sexualities in Nueva Granada and Colombia" of the 15th Congress of History, on the Bicentennial of Colombian Independence. This track centered on gender, a category defi ned on relational terms, which has allowed for new interpretations of the social and cultural construction of the differences between men and women in historical processes, with attention to the contribution made by the use of the category in questioning the public/private dichotomy, since marriage, family home, intimacy and sexuality are projected as political issues. Research carried out about the representations of historical heroine Policarpa Solavarrieta is examined, and then three papers about women in colonial times in Nueva Granada, in the provinces of Antioquia, Santa Fe and the city of Cali, are summarized. With regard to the second half of the XIX Century, two research projects are presented about the tensions in the production of legal, political and literal discourse, especially looking to the construction of gender differences when the Colombian nation state was being formed. They deal with the Sovereign State of Bolivar and the imagined relation between the capital of the Republic with the "hot-weather lands." Finally, in what pertains to the XX Century, two papers are reviewed dealing with how migrations in the Santander and Caribbean regions affected women; a third one deals with women university students and their activism, form which springs autonomous feminism in the 60s, specifi cally at the University of Antioquia in Medellín.Key Words: gender, Colombian history, women, bicentennial, Colonial times, XIX Century, XX Century

En el mantenimiento de la salud y en la atención a las necesidades derivadas de la enfer-medad y la discapacidad concurren distintos ámbitos donde se asignan y distribuyen los recursos necesarios: el Estado, el mercado, la comunidad y los hogares. De hecho gran parte del trabajo de atender la salud-enfermedad se realiza en los hogares y se caracteriza por ser femenino, no remunerado e inequitativo porque implica desigualdades por sexo en el reparto de las responsabilidades, costos y compensaciones. Hoy se constata un aumento en las demandas de atención de la salud derivadas de trans-formaciones demográficas, sociales y epidemiológicas. La tesis es que existe una de-manda creciente de cuidado la cual ha implicado una mayor carga doméstica resultado de una orientación de la política de salud que traslada y corresponsabiliza a los hogares. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre la orientación y contenido de las políticas de salud en Colombia desde la creación del sistema de aseguramiento en 1993 y la equidad de género en el trabajo de cuidar la salud en los hogares. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa e interpretativa desde posturas críticas del femi-nismo y la economía política, a partir de las propuestas para el análisis de las políticas de bienestar de Esping-Andersen y de los efectos de las políticas sobre la equidad de género de Nancy Fraser. Con métodos y técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, se caracteriza el cuidado que se brinda en los hogares, se identifican las condiciones generadoras de de-mandas de cuidado de la salud, y se analiza la orientación y contenido de normas y políti-cas de salud. Los hallazgos muestran que en la política sanitaria colombiana ha predominado una lógica del lucro y la eficiencia incompatible con los ideales de equidad. Estimulando la compe-tencia en el mercado y haciendo acopio de discursos y estrategias sobre obligación, co-rresponsabilidad y participación, el Estado ha trasladado muchas de sus funciones, lo cual se hace evidente en la forma como define los beneficios que garantiza, los límites en las prestaciones, la ausencia de mecanismos para compensar las deficiencias en la provisión, el papel que asigna a las familias y la naturalización de los roles de género. Como conse-cuencia de los fallos en reconocimiento y redistribución, la carga de la producción domés-tica de la salud se ha incrementado, y ha devenido en mayor explotación, exclusión y desprotección de las mujeres. ; Abstract. In order to maintain health and take care of the needs arising from illness and disability, several areas are involved to allocate and distribute the necessary resources: the State, market, community and homes. In fact, much of the work to deal with health and disease takes place in homes and is characterized as feminine, unpaid and inequitable, because it implies gender inequalities in the sharing of responsibilities, costs and compensation. At present, it is observed an increase in the demands for health care resulting from demographic, social and epidemiological transformations. The hypothesis is that there is a growing demand for care which has meant greater domestic burden caused by health policy orientation that transfers share liability to households. The aim is to analyze the relationship between direction and contents of health policies in Colombia since the creation of the insurance system in 1993 and the gender equality in the health care household work. This is a qualitative and interpretative research from the feminism critical positions and the political economy, based in the analysis of Esping-Andersen welfare policies and in the effects on gender equality policies of Nancy Fraser. With quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques, the household care is characterized, generators of health care conditions demands are identified, and the direction and content of health law and policy are analyzed. The findings show that in the Colombian health policy the profit and efficiency logic has pre-dominated, which is incompatible with the ideals of equity. By stimulating competition in the market and making speeches and collecting strategies on responsibility, joint responsibility and participation, the State has transferred many of its duties, which is evident by the way it defines the benefits guaranteed, the benefits limits, the absence of mechanisms to compensate for deficiencies in the provision, the role assigned to the families and the naturalization of gender roles. As a result of failures in recognition and redistribution, the burden of the domestic production of health has increased and has become in more exploitation, exclusion and vulnerability of women. ; Doctorado