Suchergebnisse

RESUMO Os inquéritos de saúde conduzidos em comunidades geograficamente isoladas auxiliam na caracterização do comportamento reprodutivo e seus condicionantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil da saúde sexual, reprodutiva e aspectos socioculturais e econômicos de mulheres ribeirinhas do Médio Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil. Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo feito com mulheres da comunidade da Vila Sião, Alvarães (AM). No total, 28 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 57 anos, foram individualmente entrevistadas, utilizando formulário para a obtenção de dados socioculturais, históricos de vida sexual e reprodutiva. Os resultados das análises descritivas indicaram que as entrevistadas eram mestiças, com ensino fundamental, casadas e atuavam na agricultura familiar. Em relação à história de vida sexual das entrevistadas, notou-se que os relacionamentos eram duradouros, com os mesmos parceiros, e as primeiras gestações ocorreram ainda na adolescência. Os indicadores gestacionais mostraram predomínio de parto domiciliar. Essas mulheres apresentaram elevado coeficiente de fecundidade. No entanto, os históricos de perdas gestacionais atribuídos à eclâmpsia, a acidentes domésticos e a doenças enfatizam a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal para a promoção da saúde da gestante e do bebê. A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que a interiorização dos serviços de saúde é essencial para que uma assistência médica especializada chegue até as comunidades ribeirinhas e isoladas do Amazonas, Brasil.

RESUMO Os inquéritos de saúde conduzidos em comunidades geograficamente isoladas auxiliam na caracterização do comportamento reprodutivo e seus condicionantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil da saúde sexual, reprodutiva e aspectos socioculturais e econômicos de mulheres ribeirinhas do Médio Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil. Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo feito com mulheres da comunidade da Vila Sião, Alvarães (AM). No total, 28 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 57 anos, foram individualmente entrevistadas, utilizando formulário para a obtenção de dados socioculturais, históricos de vida sexual e reprodutiva. Os resultados das análises descritivas indicaram que as entrevistadas eram mestiças, com ensino fundamental, casadas e atuavam na agricultura familiar. Em relação à história de vida sexual das entrevistadas, notou-se que os relacionamentos eram duradouros, com os mesmos parceiros, e as primeiras gestações ocorreram ainda na adolescência. Os indicadores gestacionais mostraram predomínio de parto domiciliar. Essas mulheres apresentaram elevado coeficiente de fecundidade. No entanto, os históricos de perdas gestacionais atribuídos à eclâmpsia, a acidentes domésticos e a doenças enfatizam a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal para a promoção da saúde da gestante e do bebê. A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que a interiorização dos serviços de saúde é essencial para que uma assistência médica especializada chegue até as comunidades ribeirinhas e isoladas do Amazonas, Brasil.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão integrativa da produção científica nacional e internacional, dos últimos cinco anos, sobre estudos existentes na literatura que abordem a correlação entre a maternidade na adolescência ao nascimento de um bebê prematuro e de baixo peso. Foram acessadas publicações indexadas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed Central, SciELO (Web of Science), e Scopus (Elsevier), através dos descritores: adolescent, mother, baby ou infant newborn, preterm e low birth weight em artigos de língua inglesa e portuguesa. Entre 206 publicações encontradas, 11 trabalhos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e por avaliação entre juízes, os quais permitiram compreender temáticas especificas da maternidade adolescente frente ao parto prematuro e de baixo peso ao nascimento. Algumas temáticas foram destacadas como: aspectos emocionais das mães, questões psicossociais, associação entre IMC (índice de massa corporal – peso) materno (pré e peri gestacional) as taxas relativas do nascimento prematuro e/ou baixo peso do bebê e o risco da maternidade adolescente e suas comorbidades. Conclui-se que programas de acompanhamento para prevenção da gravidez adolescente, educação em saúde são essenciais para minimizar as taxas de nascimentos prematuros e com baixo peso, assim como a assistência pré-natal direcionada a problemática relativa a condição de saúde do adolescente.

Abstract
Air pollution is a substantial environmental threat to children and acts as acute and chronic disease risk factors alike. Several studies have previously evaluated epigenetic modifications concerning its exposure across various life stages. However, findings on epigenetic modifications as the consequences of air pollution during childhood are rather minimal. This review evaluated highly relevant studies in the field to analyze the existing literature regarding exposure to air pollution, with a focus on epigenetic alterations during childhood and their connections with respiratory health effects. The search was conducted using readily available electronic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) to screen for children's studies on epigenetic mechanisms following either pre- or post-natal exposure to air pollutants. Studies relevant enough and matched the predetermined criteria were chosen to be reviewed. Non-English articles and studies that did not report both air monitoring and epigenetic outcomes in the same article were excluded. The review found that epigenetic changes have been linked with exposure to air pollutants during early life with evidence and reports of how they may deregulate the epigenome balance, thus inducing disease progression in the future. Epigenetic studies evolve as a promising new approach in deciphering the underlying impacts of air pollution on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) due to links established between some of these epigenetic mechanisms and illnesses.

Este é um estudo quantitativo, realizado em 2015, com o objetivo de verificar o conhecimento e satisfação dos usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Município de Uberaba, MG sobre os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado a usuários que aguardavam atendimento na sala de espera. Participaram 370 usuários, sendo 273 (73,8%) mulheres, com idades idade entre 18 e 99 (45,19±16,47) anos. A média de satisfação com os serviços em uma escala de 0 a 10 foi de 7,26±2,21. A investigação do conhecimento dos participantes sobre a os serviços oferecidos pela Unidade Básica de Saúde indicou que a vacinação (88,4%), acompanhamento pré-natal (81,6%), tratamento dentário (81,4%), saúde bucal (75,4%) e exame preventivo para câncer de colo de útero (74,3%) foram os mais reconhecidos. A maioria desconhece o serviço de acompanhamento para cessação tabágica (53%). Na avaliação do conhecimento dos serviços da Rede de Atenção à saúde (55,1%) e que cuidados de baixa complexidade e gravidade poderiam ser resolvidas na Unidade Básica (60,8%) responderam adequadamente. Os usuários são esclarecidos quanto: à universalidade e a gratuidade, ações de prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde, mas demonstraram dificuldade em associar a atenção básica como assistência integral à saúde.

It gives me great pleasure to announce the July issue of Nidan: International Journal of Indian Studies, for which I am now working as associate-editor for the second consecutive year. After successfully guest editing the 2019 Nidan special issue on Christianity in India, I was deeply honoured when Professor Pratap Penumala invited me to accept the position of associate editor for the journal. Professor Penumala and I had already struck up a cordial and efficient working relationship and saw eye-to-eye on several academic and political issues, giving me the freedom and confidence to choose my own themes, decide on paper submissions, and other reviewers and guest editors. Professor Penumala's constant and gentle, encouraging words of wisdom gave me courage to face CoVid demotivation this year that sometimes felt insurmountable, and my work experience with various authors, reviewers, and the efficient team of editors at the University of KwaZulu-Natal humbled me with their dedication. I received much enthusiasm from junior and senior scholarly professionals alike, who werehappy to contribute and review papers for Nidan. In fact, the academic verve I encountered while working with Nidan has gone a long way in restoring my faith in academia in general, bringing me in close contact with many highly merited researchers.

It is essential for small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) to become established, be sustainable and grow. These firms play a vital role in the economy of both developed and developing countries. Empirical studies have acknowledged the contribution of SMMEs to the economy, as well as to the gross domestic product. However, the failure rate of these firms has also been emphasized in the same studies. SMME survival is critical for economic growth, which is measured by increases in profits. Capital structure decisions are significant to the survival and growth of these entities. This study was conducted to examine the interplay between capital structure and SMMEs` survival and growth in a developing economy. A sample size of 103 SMMEs was chosen on a non-probability basis using convenience sampling within the eThekwini area, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The statistical tool used for analysis in this study was the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) 5.0 software. Capital structure was found to have a significant influence on the growth and survival of small, medium, and micro enterprises. The study concludes that utilizing retained earnings, personal savings, trade credit and funds from friends and family has a significant influence on the growth and survival of the firm. Debt and external equity financing, on the other hand, have an insignificant influence on the growth the firm.

Buenos Aires fue, en el pasaje del siglo XIX hacia el siglo XX, uno de los principales centros de edición y circulación de impresos anarquistas en ámbito internacional. Desde la capital argentina se enviaban periódicos, revistas, libros, folletos y almanaques ácratas para diversas ciudades del mundo y lo mismo ocurría en el sentido inverso: al puerto llegaban muchos materiales escritos del ideario libertario. Uno de los principales agentes históricos involucrados en este proceso fue Fortunato Serantoni, militante del comunismo anárquico desde los tiempos de juventud en Florencia, su tierra natal. Después, Serantoni vivió en Barcelona y actuó en el anarquismo catalán. Llega en Buenos Aires en 1893 y desarrolla una serie de proyectos de edición y circulación de impresos, entre los cuales se destaca la Librería Sociológica. El presente artículo pretende abordar la trayectoria biográfica de Fortunato Serantoni y sus acciones en el universo de la edición y circulación, con énfasis en la Librería Sociológica, de la cual se presenta su catálogo. Para reconstituirlo, recolectamos los anuncios de libros y folletos vendidos por Serantoni en la librería publicados en diversos periódicos de la época. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de comprender el circuito editorial del cual Serantoni formaba parte, en el marco de una red transnacional de militancia creada por los anarquistas.

Managing capital structure is an imperative decision made by all firms. The manner in which financing is organized is a strategic financial decision and managers must settle on the amount of debt in relation to equity that it requires to maintain. Despite many empirical studies investigating the choice of capital structure for large corporates, minimal research has been conducted on capital structure decisions in small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs). This study identifies major factors influencing the capital structure of SMMEs in a developing economy and enlightens owners/managers on the importance thereof. This investigation used a quantitative research approach, which was cross-sectional. A convenience sampling method was adopted, and data were collected from 136 respondents, only confined to the retail and whole sector, which is the second largest sector in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The partial least squares structural equation modelling was utilized to determine the statistical results. It was discovered that managerial factors such as individual goals and financing preference of the owner/manager, network ties, attitude to debt, maintaining control and asymmetric information; and firm-level factors such as size of the firm, profitability and firm age are major factors that influence the capital structure of SMMEs. Therefore, capital structure decisions are made motivated by the attitudes of the owners/managers.

El presente trabajo se propone hacer un mapeo histórico-conceptual sobre las diferentes etapas de la recepción del la pedagogía freireana en la Argentina. Este objetivo debe tener en cuenta al menos dos variables. En primer lugar el pensamiento freireano no es homogéneo sino que se modifica a través del tiempo y es especial a través de los avatares históricos y políticos que le tocó enfrentar en su vida, como la cárcel, el exilio, la experiencia como educador fuera de Brasil y el retorno a su país natal. Por otra parte la recepción de la pedagogía freireana en la Argentina también depende del contexto político del país y de sus diferentes momentos históricos. Freire será reivindicado en etapas de apertura democrática pero violentamente prohibido en momento de gobiernos militares y/o autoritarios. Por lo tanto el trabajo trata de abordar su objetivo teniendo en cuenta esas dos variables, la evolución del pensamiento freireano a partir de su experiencia vital y su recepción en la Argentina en los diferentes contextos históricos. El resultado en un interesante mapeo de los distintos momentos e intensidades con las que se recibió en nuestro país la obra y el pensamiento de este pensador fundamental y fundante de la pedagogía Latinoamericana.

BACKGROUND: Due to the limited number of studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this study aimed to identify the prevalence and determinants of postpartum poor maternal sleep and depression. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 380 women who were 2–12 months postpartum in March and April 2017 in Ramechhap district, Nepal. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality and depression was 28.2% and 18.7%, respectively. Poor sleep quality was associated with having an occupation (in government or business, odds ratio [OR] 6.69; in agriculture/labour, OR 15.5), a male infant (OR 2.37), home delivery (OR 2.17), mental illness during pregnancy (OR 5.87), complications after delivery (OR 5.58) and postpartum depression (OR 2.86). Meanwhile, postpartum depression was associated with having no post-natal care (OR 98.7), living in a nuclear family (OR 48.5), living in a rural area (OR 26.6), having a male infant (OR 4.61), having complications after delivery (OR 21.9), introducing complementary foods before 6 months of age (OR 4.71) and having poor sleep quality (OR 3.20). CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high prevalence of depression and poor sleep quality were found. The close positive association between poor sleep quality and depression suggests the need for early identification and support for women at risk of poor sleep quality and depression in Nepal.

Autori u radu ističu važnost socijalnih intervencija kao mjera socijalne politike u svladavanju izazova suverenoga društva. Naglasak je dan na mjere poput dječjeg doplatka, naknada za roditeljski dopust, subvencioniranje stambenih kredita mladih obitelji te druge mjere pronatalitetne i obiteljske politike ne samo na državnoj, već i na lokalnoj razini. ; Dieser Beitrag bespricht die Wichtigkeit von sozialen Interventionen als Maßnahmen der Sozialpolitik bei der Bewältigung der Herausforderungen moderner Gesellschaft. Die Maßnahmen wie Kindergeld, Mutterschaftsgeld, Subventionierung von Wohnungskrediten junger Familien und andere Maßnahmen der Geburten- und Familienpolitik nicht nur auf nationaler sondern auch auf lokaler Ebene werden hervorgehoben. ; In this paper the authors give special attention to the measures of social interventions as measures of social policy in line to fight the present challenges of the contemporary society. Special attention is given to the measures of child allowances, parental benefits, state subsidies for residential loans for young families and other measures of pro-natal and family policy not just at the state level but also at local municipality level. ; Nel lavoro gli autori sottolineano l'importanza degli interventi sociali quali misure di politica sociale volte a superare le sfide poste dinnanzi alla società contemporanea. L'accento viene posto su misure quali gli aiuti ai minori, l'indennità per il congedo parentale, le sovvenzioni rivolte alle giovani famiglie per i mutui su immobili, altre misure volte alla natalità, come pure sulle politiche familiari statali e locali.

Background Due to the limited number of studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this study aimed to identify the prevalence and determinants of postpartum poor maternal sleep and depression. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 380 women who were 2–12 months postpartum in March and April 2017 in Ramechhap district, Nepal. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors. Results The prevalence of poor sleep quality and depression was 28.2% and 18.7%, respectively. Poor sleep quality was associated with having an occupation (in government or business, odds ratio [OR] 6.69; in agriculture/labour, OR 15.5), a male infant (OR 2.37), home delivery (OR 2.17), mental illness during pregnancy (OR 5.87), complications after delivery (OR 5.58) and postpartum depression (OR 2.86). Meanwhile, postpartum depression was associated with having no post-natal care (OR 98.7), living in a nuclear family (OR 48.5), living in a rural area (OR 26.6), having a male infant (OR 4.61), having complications after delivery (OR 21.9), introducing complementary foods before 6 months of age (OR 4.71) and having poor sleep quality (OR 3.20). Conclusions A relatively high prevalence of depression and poor sleep quality were found. The close positive association between poor sleep quality and depression suggests the need for early identification and support for women at risk of poor sleep quality and depression in Nepal.

Previously colonized by both Holland and Britain, South Africans have always borrowed; many taking aesthetic clues from memories of 'home'. Applied seemingly irrelevantly, these 'clues' often border on the pastiche. Pre and post Union in 1910, the British-controlled colonies of Natal and the Cape absorbed imported architectural influences which not only introduced an Arts and Crafts layer to Victorian Gothic and Classical revivals, but introduced vital new ideas, namely Art Deco and Modernism.Somehow this polemic embraced another revival: a melange of Tudor and Elizabethan focusing on detail, craftsmanship and nostalgia. The 'Tudorbethan' Revival occurred at a vital point in the inter-war era, and it is contended that this style demonstrated a calculated resistance to the hybrid 'Union Period' architecture and its political role in forging a common diasporic identity and culture in the 1930s, rather than a mere application of fashion.This paper situates the Tudorbethan Revival within contemporary architectural themes in Durban, South Africa, and contextualises the socio-political production of buildings between the wars before examining the works of architects who conceived this well-crafted, nostalgic and irrelevant architecture. It concludes by comparing this complex aesthetic with the contemporary architectural thread of 'Gwelo' Goodman's Cape Dutch Revival suggesting the degree to which domestic architecture is able to support political positions in contested societies.

This article engages with the idiosyncratic dwelling practices of khwajasara, a Pakistani gender-variant subjectivity better known as hijre in the larger South Asian context. As a prevalent type of khwajasara household, the dera plays a paradigmatic role in their homecoming narratives; whether as a post-home, the refuge from an unhomely natal familial house and a terrorising school environment, or as an intermediary bodily, spiritual and communal sanctuary on a journey towards one's Home after post-home. Anchored in the idea of the dera, and especially as intimated to me on a late September afternoon in Lahore, this article zigzags through khwajasara's historical and present-day multi-local experiences of homecoming, which is posited here as both spatial and identitary journeying towards collective thereness. As a property of dwelling with kindred souls, I argue that thereness equips khwajasara with exploratory senses of the subject, including, at times, those of being otherworldly and nomadic. Such thereness disrupts the very idea of settlement and allows the dera and its inhabitants to not only transgress communal boundaries - such as those of gender, religion, ethnicity and language - but also to construe home as a journey, not a destination. At the same time, it reveals various productive anxieties about khwajasara's - or, indeed, everyone's - classed, urbanised, economised and gendered home-life.