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AbstractFoodborne illness ranks seventh globally among major health hazards, falling between air pollution and tuberculosis. Yet food safety is relatively understudied by economists. This paper provides an introduction to food safety for economists new to the subject. It presents an overview of the problem, the history of major policy reforms, and the structure of food safety governance in the United States and internationally. It identifies potential opportunities for economists in interdisciplinary food safety research and presents one example of this kind of collaboration, namely research focused on identifying the food sources of US Campylobacter infections.JEL CLASSIFICATIONI1; Q17; Q18

This paper measures political legitimacy in postwar Lebanon. In connection with this several aspects such as political efficacy, government responsiveness, & satisfaction with public policy have been tested. The data were collected between Mar & Apr 1998, & come from a nationwide survey of 774 Lebanese. The findings disclose a Lebanese lack of politically efficacious feelings & indicate, also, the weakness of government responsiveness. Judgments about government performance differ about the policy area: discontent with economic, welfare, & social policies contrasts with a more positive evaluation of public order & foreign policy. Finally, respondents exhibit little support for the existing government & would prefer to have its current form changed. The study drives its importance from the fact that billionaire Rafik Hariri, a three-time former premier, was again designated prime minister on 22 Oct 2000, 2 years after being ousted from power & blamed for the acute economic crisis. Hariri, who was denounced for his ambitious program of political reforms & economic policy during his first period in office between 1992 & 1998, is expected to reverse the country's economic decline under the outgoing government. While there are strong indicators that Hariri will continue his previous policy, the survey findings indicate the shortcomings that should be remedied if the new government desires to overcome the country's current political, economic, & social problems. 4 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Recent Development-- In August 1991, eighteen years after diplomats and scholars completed the Convention Providing a Uniform Law on the Form of an International Will (Washington Convention), the United States Senate consented to ratification. Before the Washington Convention enters into force, however, the United States Congress must enact federal legislation that requires each of the fifty states to recognize the Convention and its prescribed form of an international will. The Washington Convention is the result of the Diplomatic Conference on Wills which convened in Washington, D.C., in October 1973. Its primary objective is to provide testators with a common means of meeting multiple international jurisdictions will formality requirements. To meet this objective, the Washington Convention established a document that certifies the International Will as a valid will that must be accorded full recognition and compliance in those states that are parties to the Convention.

To assess the economic impact of COVID-19 and to study the specifics of functioning of cultural institutions in the conditions of the pandemic, the authors analyze the 2019—2020 indicators and conduct an expert survey of the heads of cultural institutions of various types located in both capital and small towns, and rural areas in all federal districts. The analysis of the budget financing of cultural sector in 2020 compared to 2019 in Russia as a whole, and in the Russian Federation regions showed a noticeable slowdown of growth rates of expenses for culture and a decrease in the share of these expenses. The analysis of the dynamics of GDP per capita (in constant prices) and the share of household expenditures on recreation and cultural events in total household expenditures made it possible to predict a further reduction of these expenditures and, as a consequence, revenues of cultural organizations and extra-budgetary revenues of state and municipal cultural institutions. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of employees in cultural organizations by forms of part-time employment showed that in the conditions of coronavirus expansion, cultural organizations sought to keep jobs for their employees, but they also used various forms of part-time employment. The expert survey of cultural executives and managers confirms the deterioration of financial support for cultural institutions, including the emergence of difficulties associated with the failure to meet indicators established in the state assignment, and the cultural infrastructure lagging behind modern requirements for online formats. Specific measures are proposed to improve the situation in the cultural sector.

The aim of this paper is to examine the
impact of financial policy on rate of economic growth in Jordan for the period
of (2000-2017) taking into the considerations the fluctuations of taxation
system. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been utilized in
order to analyze the long term relationship between study variable which are;
money supply (M2), domestic credit provided by banks (DCBS) and real Gross
Domestic Product GDP. The results shows that, money (M2) and domestic
credit provided by banks (DCBS) can effects on GDP in Jordan for the study
period. The taxation system in Jordan has been fluctuated many times during
2017 and 2018, which made the data partly not available. This led the
researchers to spend long time to find an accurate data in order to
finalize this study. This study
will add good practical evidence on the impact of changing the taxation system
positively or negatively on the economic growth.

Global Finance at Risk: The Case for International Regulation by John Eatwell and Lance Taylor is reviwed.

Bisley reviews 'Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and The Neoliberal Challenge' edited by Charles W. Kegley Jr.

A complex society like ours favors multipositionality of actors, in that they are affiliated with multiple social and professional spheres each having its own networks, interests and governing principles, and generating special bonds of interest. This is especially true for international adjudication as being an international judge or arbitrator is not a career. There is always a before, often an after, and sometimes other professional activities in parallel. Moreover, to have the necessary competences is not enough to be appointed and appointment is more likely for people affiliated to multiple networks.

International relations have been the object of widespread study and review in the United States since World War I. Attention has focussed alternately on the flow of events, the goals and standards, and the underlying principles of world affairs. Primary emphasis has been directed to empirical, normative and theoretical problems. Along the way, scholars, statesmen and observers have singled out certain factors from the myriad dimensions of international society. Students have looked for concepts and methodologies by which order and meaning could be derived in this as in other complex fields.