Suchergebnisse

Does involvement in territorial conflict affect domestic repression? I argue that seeking to revise territory abroad will affect domestic repression, but conditionally on regime type and conflict severity. For democracies, there may be public pressure to deliver the good of territory. Because of this, territorial revision can lead to in-group/out-group dynamics at home, making it politically beneficial to increase repression domestically against groups seen as being opposed to the conflict. Autocracies may place a different value on contested territory, as they rely on the distribution of private goods to maintain support. While in-group/out-group dynamics may also be in play for autocracies, such states also face different types of constraints than democracies. Autocracies are more likely to use their military for domestic repression, and thus are more likely to simply maintain or reduce repression because the military is now being used abroad. These propositions are tested cross-nationally by examining repression when states are revisionists in conflicts over territory spanning from 1977 to 2001. The results of ordered logit analyses of state repression show that democratic states become more likely to increase repression when they are territorial revisionists, as those conflict-years become more deadly, while autocratic states are less likely to increase repression during the same periods.

State entrepreneurship is a policy by which productive enterprises are owned as public agencies but operated according to standard business criteria. State intervention of this kind is increasingly common in the Third World, where this policy is a response to the entrepreneurial capabilities of local private & multinational enterprise. Accounts of the interrelationship of state, local, & multinational entrepreneurship are studied & found to have theoretical shortcomings. These deficiencies are eliminated by isolating the central tenets of the explanations & deducing the generic from entrepreneurship histories. Insights emerge concerning the prospects for survival of the alliance of state, local, & multinational capital. The groundwork is laid for an in-depth study of selected political & economic determinants of state entrepreneurship. 2 Figures. Modified HA.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Dedication -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tax, Transition and the State: The Case of Russia -- 3 Budget Softness and the Russian Enterprise Sector -- 4 Tax Arrears and the Romanian Enterprise Sector -- 5 Effective Tax Administration in Transition Countries -- 6 Tax Capacity and Effort in Transition Countries -- 7 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index

This report focuses on how improving college completion rates for Latino students can be a catalyst for stronger economies. It also provides examples of states that are ensuring Latinos have the education and training to find jobs in high-demand, high-paying fields and become positive contributors to the economy. ; National Conference for States Legislatures - NCSL

Research on the role of states and markets in the hydrocarbon sector is highly topical in contemporary International Political Economy. In some areas, this is a result of new hydrocarbon discoveries, in others it relates to factors like unsatisfactory progress in energy markets or pollution and other negative externalities. Recent international discussion in this area has so far focused on specific topics such as the role of national oil companies or the impact of government policies on national supply reservations or local content requirements. This edited collection will approach the same question but from a broader perspective, investigating its very essence and how this varies on a regional basis.

Couples in remarriages with stepchildren are a significant portion of the marriage population and have unique educational needs regarding aspects of couple functioning within the context of stepfamily development. From a review of the literature, we examine current curricula focused on these couples. Information is offered on implementation issues regarding recruitment, delivery context, facilitator and participant characteristics, and evaluation.

Abstract
One of the lingering legacies of the Cold War was the enormous nuclear arsenals amassed by the two superpowers. When one of them, the Soviet Union, disintegrated in 1991, its nearly 30,000 nuclear weapons were located on the territory of not one but four newly sovereign states: Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. Although command-and-control of Soviet strategic missiles was centralized in Moscow, the specter of the single largest wave of horizontal nuclear proliferation loomed after 1991. By 1994, however, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine had decided to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as non-nuclear weapons states and to give up the missiles on their soil. Drawing on previously untapped archival records, this article reconstructs the divergent paths of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine toward relinquishing their armaments. A combination of domestic and international political factors contributed to the resolution of the problem. Among the various contributing factors, the NPT stands out as a salient force that provided normative framing and guided deliberations on post-Soviet nuclear disarmament.

This article explores the likely impact of Brexit on UK higher education. Because negotiations between the UK and the EU remain inconclusive at the time of writing, much remains uncertain. There is likely to be a fall in the number of EU students studying in the UK. The loss will be concentrated in a limited number of universities and the financial consequences could well be mitigated by increasing numbers of foreign students from outside the EU. It is hoped that the UK will retain some access to EU research funds by obtaining associate status in the new framework programme. After the Brexit vote there was great concern that the UK would lose large numbers of academic staff from EU countries. Now that there is greater clarity about a new immigration policy, these fears have lessened somewhat. Threats on all these fronts remain but what is certain is that a sector which has thrived on its internationalism will feel diminished as it ceases to be a participant in European decision making about higher education and instead a client.