Suchergebnisse

Scientific behavior is as common to the humanities as it is to the social sciences—in fact, many of the humanities are social sciences, a condition that should shame neither party. Though there is a clear intellectual line beween the arts and the sciences, no such line can be drawn between the humanistic social sciences and the "social" social sciences. There is a difference in perceived social status, which could be reduced by a better understanding of the common ground on which the humanist and the social scientist stand, Professor Homans, of Harvard, states as his qualifications "that I took my bachelor's degree in English literature, I am a professor of sociology, and I write history." This article was prepared for the American Council of Learned Societies and is published with its kind permission.

Until 2012 many gatherings have been organised discussing the future of Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) in the European research landscape; Many wise words were spoken and good ideas had been launched before, but to connect them with specific work programmes and discuss them in an open and broad manner, was another matter. Our Lithuanian colleagues recognised that the timing of their country's EU Presidency would be the perfect moment to discuss the role and relevance of SSH in the upcoming Framework Programme, Horizon 2020, with their wider impact. The new programme foresees the full integration of SSH into the "Grand Societal Challenges" that Europe faces and is determined to tackle through research, development and innovation. The realisation of these ambitious goals has yet to take shape. The conference in September 2013 was one of the many potential places to make this happen. Before the start of the conference we conducted a "consultation process" within the European SSH communities to hear the voices of as many contributors as possible. More than 300 very detailed responses have brought up interesting issues, which helped us to structure the conference and collect recommendations for drafting a declaration. We collaborated closely with the European Commission in preparing this conference: as a result, Commission staff participated in all sessions where the integration into the seven societal challenges was discussed. We asked prominent scholars from all branches of SSH to provide input. The first day of the conference concentrated on reflecting and assessing where we stand, whereas the second day was dedicated to a detailed discussion of the next necessary steps towards achieving integration. This report collects all conference contributions and the resulting recommendations.

Scientific natural science, which had been established in European culture since the mid-17th century, began to transmit samples of scientific knowledge into the field of studying social reality. Until the 19th century, the only mental form of reflecting this reality was "primary history," as Hegel defined it, i.e. tradition of historiography coming from Herodotus. This tradition received its design, oriented towards the field of scientific rationality, from the German historian Leopold von Ranke: to show "how it really was" (wie es eigentlich gewesen). Its social function is the formation of national historical memory. But methodological reflection at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries revealed, as it seemed to it, two radical differences between "primary history" and other "sciences of culture" from natural science. In this regard, the categories of "values" and "understanding" were emphasized. The presence of these categories in the foundations of any science determines its specification as a humanitarian science. The first attempts to transfer certain aspects of the disciplinary matrices of natural science to the sphere of social science are associated with the names of Kant and Marx. Both attempts were unsuccessful. But, unlike Kant's, the "materialist understanding of history" found its supporters and successors. Its main error is the unlawful direct transfer of the semantic content of the category "matter", as it developed in natural science (the relationships of things), to the relationships between people endowed with consciousness. The addressee of social sciences are cultural forms, the existence of which has an objective status of existence, but relative to the individual consciousness of acting people. These are, for example, social institutions. The humanities deal with meanings, the existence of which is determined by systems of social communications.

SUMMARY: This introduction to the forum places its contributions into a larger context of debates about dynamics in the fields of humanities and social sciences in imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. This research perspective informed the focus of the collaborative research project "The Constitution of Humanities and Social Sciences in Russia: Networks and Circulations of Models of Knowledge from the Eighteenth Century to the 1920s." The primary impetus for the project's organizers came from the French academic tradition, specifically, studies of "cultural transfers," or to use the terminology preferred by some project participants, "histoire croisée" or cultural circulation that have been popular since the 1980s. Of no less importance was the desire to modify this paradigm by introducing the approaches of imperial history and the repertoire of research problems characterizing studies of Soviet modernity. Введение в форум помещает вошедшие в него статьи в более широкий контекст дискуссий о гуманитарных и социальных науках в имперской России и СССР. Эта тематика стала определяющей для международного проекта "Становление гуманитарных и социальных наук в России: сети и циркуляции моделей знания с XVIII века до 1920-х годов". Основным стимулом для организаторов проекта явилась французская традиция истории науки, и прежде всего, ставшие популярными в 1980-е годы исследования "культурных трансферов", или, как предпочитают называть свою дисциплину некоторые участники проекта, "histoire croisée" (история культурной циркуляции). Не менее важным было стремление привнести в эту парадигму подходы имперской истории и проблематику изучения советской модерности.

This edited volume focuses on big data implications for computational social science and humanities from management to usage. The first part of the book covers geographic data, text corpus data, and social media data, and exemplifies their concrete applications in a wide range of fields including anthropology, economics, finance, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, public health, and mass communications. The second part of the book provides a panoramic view of the development of big data in the fields of computational social sciences and humanities. The following questions are addressed: why is there a need for novel data governance for this new type of data?, why is big data important for social scientists?, and how will it revolutionize the way social scientists conduct research? With the advent of the information age and technologies such as Web 2.0, ubiquitous computing, wearable devices, and the Internet of Things, digital society has fundamentally changed what we now know as "data", the very use of this data, and what we now call "knowledge". Big data has become the standard in social sciences, and has made these sciences more computational. Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities will appeal to graduate students and researchers working in the many subfields of the social sciences and humanities.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Big Data in Computational Social Sciences and Humanities: An Introduction -- 1.1 Big Data for Computational Social Sciences and Humanities in Practice -- 1.1.1 Geographic Data -- 1.1.2 Text Corpus Data -- 1.1.2.1 History in Light of Dynamic Maps -- 1.1.2.2 Economics Paradigm Shift in Light of Corpus Linguistics -- 1.1.2.3 Financial Prediction in Light of Sentiment Analysis -- 1.1.2.4 Network Modeling of Health-Related Concepts and Institutions -- 1.1.2.5 Linguistic Complexity of Shakespeare Plays -- 1.1.2.6 Evolution of "Language" in Light of Corpus Linguistics -- 1.1.3 Social Media Data -- 1.1.3.1 Digital Governance Using Public Opinion Mining -- 1.1.3.2 Grassroots Politics -- 1.2 Survey and Challenges -- 1.2.1 Survey of Published Research -- 1.2.1.1 Big Data Finance -- 1.2.1.2 Big Data in Psychology -- 1.2.1.3 Spatial Humanities -- 1.2.1.4 Cloud Computing -- 1.2.2 Challenges of Using Big Data for Research -- 1.2.2.1 Big Data Complexity -- 1.2.2.2 Big Data Search -- 1.2.2.3 Big Data Simulation -- 1.2.2.4 Big Data Risks -- 1.3 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Part I Practice -- 2 Application of Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI): Tourism Development for Rural Communities -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Study Site -- 2.2.2 Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) -- 2.2.3 Building a Web-Based GIS for Community Resource Management -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Community Resource Database -- 2.3.2 Creating Virtual Tour Using Google Earth -- 2.3.3 Establishing the Web-Based GIS Platform -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 3 Telling Stories Through R: Geo-Temporal Mappings of Epigraphic Practices on Penghu -- 3.1 It Takes a Story to Catch a Fish -- 3.2 From History to Code -- 3.3 Approaching Penghu.

Introduction : The Renaissance / Orville Vernon Burton -- Technological revolutions I have known / Edward L. Ayers -- Rewiring the history and social studies classroom : needs, frameworks, dangers, and proposals / Randy Bass and Roy Rosenzweig -- Validity of web-based surveys : explorations with data from 2,382 teenagers / William Sims Bainbridge -- Computer environments for content analysis : reconceptualizing the roles of humans and computers / William Evans -- Electronic texts in the historical profession : perspectives from across the scholarly spectrum / Wendy Plotkin -- Social activism through computer networks / Daniel J. Myers -- Creating cybertrust : illustrations and guidelines / H. Jeanie Taylor and Cheris Kramarae -- Electronic networks for international research collaboration : implications for intellectual property protection in the early twenty-first century / Carole Ganz-Brown

.