Suchergebnisse

The article presents the effects of external intervention both technical (rehabilitation of networks) and institutional (creation of associations of water users) in a semi-traditional irrigation system in northern Morocco. This intervention identified new challenges and led to tensions, followed by a conflictual process of negotiation and the search for a compromise acceptable to all parties, but above all to the dominant groups. In the light of this analysis, the text then discusses a number of more general questions concerning the institutional dynamics of the irrigated paid systems: the link between investment and ownership rights, the ideological foundations of coordination mechanisms, and the relationship between conflict and change in water management institutions. ; International audience ; The article presents the effects of external intervention both technical (rehabilitation of networks) and institutional (creation of associations of water users) in a semi-traditional irrigation system in northern Morocco. This intervention identified new challenges and led to tensions, followed by a conflictual process of negotiation and the search for a compromise acceptable to all parties, but above all to the dominant groups. In the light of this analysis, the text then discusses a number of more general questions concerning the institutional dynamics of the irrigated paid systems: the link between investment and ownership rights, the ideological foundations of coordination mechanisms, and the relationship between conflict and change in water management institutions. ; L'article présente les effets d'une intervention externe à la fois technique (réhabilitation des réseaux) et institutionnelle (création d'associations d'usagers de l'eau) dans un système d'irrigation semi- traditionnel du Nord du Maroc. Cette intervention a défini des enjeux nouveaux et induit des tensions, puis un processus conflictuel de négociation et de recherche d'un compromis acceptable pour toutes les parties, mais surtout pour les groupes ...

If a revolution is taken to be a decisive break with the past, how can there be a heritage of revolution? Conversely, how does any revolution affect tangible and intangible heritage, as well as shifting conceptions of heritage? In this introduction to four papers dedicated to the theme of 'Heritage and Revolution', we provide an overview of changing conceptualizations of both ideas and how they have shaped each other since the French Revolution first radically changed both. This special section's papers developed from the 2017 Annual Seminar of the Cambridge Heritage Research Group. 2017, as the centenary of the February and October Russian Revolutions, provided a global opportunity for reflection on these themes and for analysis of how contemporary heritagization of revolution (or lack thereof) molds and is molded by a society¿s conception of itself and its past. At at time of shifting political and heritage paradigms worldwide, this topic remains timely and fascinating. This work was supported by the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research [grant number JCNM.GFAC]

We summarize several results about non-simplicity, solvability and normal structure of finite groups related to the number of conjugacy classes appearing in the product or the power of conjugacy classes. We also collect some problems that have only been partially solved.

This article intends to study the energy transition in Brazilian Amazonia, region for a long time isolated, late of development, but with real potentialities. The energy transition is there correlated to the specificities of this territory, in a process of inclusion within the national economy of a Brazil proud of its large proportion of renewable energies which intends to diversify its energy balance. The case of the State of the Pará, in oriental Amazonia, can be considered as "monohydroelectric " oriented. It differs from the case of the State of Amazonas which tends to an energy mix. The energy transition is understood here as a process of development by which a society rapidly growing and expanding, as the Brazilian, resolves its shortages of energy resources taking into consideration climatic impacts; more specifically in Amazonia, where the environmental issue stays in the center of policies of territorial development and in particular as far as the hydroelectric potential is concerned. We try here an approach of those paradoxes. ; Cet article se propose d'étudier la transition énergétique en Amazonie brésilienne, région longtemps isolée du reste du pays, en retard de développement, mais aux potentialités réelles. La transition énergétique qui s'y opère est corrélée avec les spécificités de ce territoire, lui-même en cours d'inclusion dans un Brésil fort de sa proportion en énergies renouvelables et qui entreprend de diversifier son bilan énergétique. Ainsi, le cas de l'État du Pará en Amazonie orientale que l'on peut qualifier de « monohydroélectrique » se distingue-t-il du cas de l'État d'Amazonas qui s'oriente vers un mix énergétique. La transition énergétique est bien comprise ici comme un processus de développement par lequel une société en pleine croissance comme celle du Brésil résout ses pénuries de ressources énergétiques tout en se préoccupant des impacts climatiques, et plus spécialement pour l'Amazonie, où la question environnementale reste au centre des politiques de développement territorial ...

The contribution is intended to analyse, in line with the rouge of this issue, the arguments used by the Conseil constitutionnel in its decision declaring the prohibition of homosexual marriage to be lawful. The analysis of the judgment is preceded by a reconstruction of the constitutional rules governing marriage and the family, as well as a comparison between the rules governing Pacs and the matrimonial regime, in order to understand both the reasons for the claims of homosexuals' rights, dictated by the significant differences between Pacs and marriage, and the space left for any intervention by the legislature. ; International audience This contribution aims to analyze, in line with the theme of the current issue, the arguments made by the French Constitutional Council in the decision upholding the ban on gay marriage. The analysis of the sentence is preceded by a survey of the constitutional regulation of marriage and family and by a comparision between the regulation of marriage and Pacs, in order to clarify the reasons founding the struggle for gay rights in France, dictated by the differences between Pacs and marriage, and the space left for a possible intervention of the Legislator. ; The contribution is intended to analyse, in line with the rouge of this issue, the arguments used by the Conseil constitutionnel in its decision declaring the prohibition of homosexual marriage to be lawful. The analysis of the judgment is preceded by a reconstruction of the constitutional rules governing marriage and the family, as well as a comparison between the rules governing Pacs and the matrimonial regime, in order to understand both the reasons for the claims of homosexuals' rights, dictated by the significant differences between Pacs and marriage, and the space left for any intervention by the legislature. ; Il contributo intende analizzare, in linea con il fil rouge di questo numero, le argomentazioni utilizzate dal Conseil constitutionnel nella decisione in cui ha sancito la legittimità del divieto di matrimonio ...

Since 2010, austerity plans are increasing in Europe to deal with the state debt crisis and to reassure the markets. The measures adopted by the various European governments, as well as the recommendations issued by the European bodies, are mainly of three types: reforms of social protection, privatisation, freezing of civil servants' salaries and reduction of their number. Cuts are foreseen in social spending, structural reforms are imposed: increasing the retirement age, increasing labour market flexibility, reducing unemployment benefits to make work more attractive, mandatory working hours for recipients of assistance, increased competition in health and social services. These policies lead to the destruction of social cohesion in the countries of southern and eastern Europe and further undermine the lack of solidarity between the peoples of Europe. Europe must lead tomorrow's policies and support countries in their efforts to invest in society. ; Depuis 2010, les plans d'austérité se multiplient en Europe pour faire face à la crise de la dette des États et pour rassurer les marchés. Les mesures adoptées par les différents gouvernements européens, ainsi que les recommandations émises par les instances européennes, sont principalement de trois types : réformes de la protection sociale, privatisations, gel du salaire des fonctionnaires et réduction de leur nombre. Des coupes sont prévues dans les dépenses sociales, des réformes structurelles sont imposées : augmentation de l'âge de départ à la retraite, flexibilisation accrue du marché du travail, baisse des prestations chômage pour rendre le travail plus attractif, heures de travail obligatoire pour les bénéficiaire de l'assistance, compétition renforcée dans le domaine des services sanitaires et sociaux. Ces politiques mènent à la destruction de la cohésion sociale des pays du Sud et de l'Est de l'Europe et ruinent un peu plus encore le peu de solidarité existant entre les peuples européens. L'Europe doit demain montrer la voie des politiques à mener pour ...

After having so much hoped in the Oslo Declaration of Principles (1993), the 1980s ended up with a stalemate in the peace process confirmed by the second Palestinian uprising — the Intifada Al Aqsa- and the use of increasingly massive military actions on the Israeli side. Successive failures in the negotiations (Camp David, 2000, Taba, 2001) have the effect of putting the number back at the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It was this refocusing on the demographic situation, which had lost its centrality in the 1980s, which this article tries to analyse in order to better understand the reality of Israel's territorial strategy. ; International audience The Return of the number : permanences and limits of the Israeli territorial strategy. After having hoped so much in the Declaration of Principles (Oslo 1- 1993), the Nineties have been closed on the sentiment that the Peace process was in a deadlock. This statement was confirmed by the second Palestinian uprising -the Intifada Al Aqsa- and, on the Israeli side, by resorting to massive military actions. The successive failures of the negotiations (Camp David, 2000, Taba, 2001) resulted in to replace the number in a key position in the Israeli- Palestinian conflict. This is this re-emergence of the demographic question, which had lost its key position during the Nineties that this article proposes to analyse for better seizing the reality of the territorial strategy of Israel. ; After having so much hoped in the Oslo Declaration of Principles (1993), the 1980s ended up with a stalemate in the peace process confirmed by the second Palestinian uprising — the Intifada Al Aqsa- and the use of increasingly massive military actions on the Israeli side. Successive failures in the negotiations (Camp David, 2000, Taba, 2001) have the effect of putting the number back at the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It was this refocusing on the demographic situation, which had lost its centrality in the 1980s, which this article tries to analyse in order to ...

The offence of persecution under § 238 StGB was reformed by the Act of 1 March 2017, and it was no longer a successful offence to become a fit and proper offence. It is therefore no longer necessary for the perpetrator to cause a serious disturbance to the life of the person harassed, but it is sufficient that his conduct is objectively appropriate for that purpose. However, the controversial analogous clause in paragraph 1 (5), which has been stripped of unconstitutional for breach of the principle of certainty and which the legislature has decided not to repeal, in order to continue to allow the punishment of actions not expressly provided for but of similar seriousness, remains. The crime of persecution of § 238 StGB was reformed by the Law of March 1st, 2017, ceasing to be a result crime to reward a suitability crime. So that the authorisation is not longer required to cause a serious disturbance in the way of life of the harassed person, but it is enough that his conduct is objectively appropriate for it. However, a controlversial analogical clause remains in section 1, number 5 of § 238 StGB. It has been passed as unconstitutional for violating the principle of certainty, but the legislator has decided not to repeal it, in order to continue the punishment of actions not expressly foreseen, but of similar severity ; El delito de persecución del § 238 StGB fue reformado por la Ley de 1 de marzo de 2017, dejando de ser un delito de resultado para convertirse en un delito de idoneidad. De modo que ya no se requiere que el autor cause una perturbación grave en la forma de vida de la persona acosada, sino que basta que su conducta sea objetivamente adecuada para ello. Ahora bien, se conserva la polémica cláusula analógica del número 5 del apartado 1, que ha sido tachada de inconstitucional por vulnerar el principio de certeza y que, sin embargo, el legislador ha decidido no derogar, con el fin de seguir permitiendo el castigo de acciones no previstas expresamente, pero de gravedad semejante. The crime of ...

401 414 352 ; S ; [EN] Zirconium terephthalate UiO-66 type metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are known to be highly active, stable and reusable catalysts for the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols. Moreover, when defects are present in the structure of these MOFs, coordinatively unsaturated Zr ions with Lewis acid properties are created, which increase the catalytic activity of the resulting defective solids. In the present work, molecular modeling techniques combined with new experimental data on various defective hydrated and dehydrated materials allow to unravel the nature and role of defective active sites in the Fischer esterification and the role of coordinated water molecules to provide additional Bronsted sites. Periodic models of UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 catalysts have been used to unravel the reaction mechanism on hydrated and dehydrated materials. Various adsorption modes of water and methanol are investigated. The proposed mechanisms are in line with experimental observations that amino groups yield a reduction in the reaction barriers, although they have a passive role in modulating the electronic structure of the material. Water has a beneficial role on the reaction cycle by providing extra Bronsted sites and by providing stabilization for various intermediates through hydrogen bonds. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This work is supported by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) (project number 3G048612), the Research Board of Ghent University (BOF) and BELSPO in the frame of IAP/7/05. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 641887 (project acronym: DEFNET). Funding was also received from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [consolidator ERC grant agreement no. 647755-DYNPOR (2015-2020)]. Computational resources (Stevin Supercomputer Infrastructure) and services were provided by Ghent University. Financial support ...

This article questions the idea that David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest instigates new forms of sincerity. We begin by scrutinizing the theoretical underpinnings of Adam Kelly's influential reading of such 'New Sincerity'. Firstly, we argue that this theory misconstrues Jacques Derrida's notions of iterability and undecidability. It does so in order to corral their implications within an elitist understanding of the 'literary' text. Secondly, we argue that Kelly's reading ignores how Infinite Jest's supposed New Sincerity is geared exclusively towards the novel's white male characters. Through close readings of the novel's often celebrated AA scenes, and by drawing on the work of political and cultural theorist Denise Ferreira da Silva, we then show how this process works at the expense of black and female characters. By addressing how forms of racist and sexist exclusion constitute the novel's apparent New Sincerity, we argue that this reading works to restore white men to positions of representative cultural authority.

1 9 13 116 ; S Lansford CDGR, Bier H: Head and neck cancers. 1999, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press ; Abstract: Background: Cytogenetic and gene expression analyses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have allowed identification of genomic aberrations that may contribute to cancer pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the molecular consequences of numerous genetic alterations still remain unclear. Methods: To identify novel genes implicated in HNSCC pathogenesis, we analyzed the genomic alterations present in five HNSCC-derived cell lines by array CGH, and compared high level focal gene amplifications with gene expression levels to identify genes whose expression is directly impacted by these genetic events. Next, we knocked down TRPC6, one of the most highly amplified and over-expressed genes, to characterize the biological roles of TRPC6 in carcinogenesis. Finally, real time PCR was performed to determine TRPC6 gene dosage and mRNA levels in normal mucosa and human HNSCC tissues. Results: The data showed that the HNSCC-derived cell lines carry most of the recurrent genomic abnormalities previously described in primary tumors. High-level genomic amplifications were found at four chromosomal sites (11q21-q22.2, 18p11.31-p11.21, 19p13.2-p13.13, and 21q11) with associated gene expression changes in selective candidate genes suggesting that they may play an important role in the malignant behavior of HNSCC. One of the most dramatic alterations of gene transcription involved the TRPC6 gene (located at 11q21-q22.2) which has been recently implicated in tumour invasiveness. siRNA-induced knockdown of TRPC6 expression in HNSCC-derived cells dramatically inhibited HNSCC-cell invasion but did not significantly alter cell proliferation. Importantly, amplification and concomitant overexpression of TRPC6 was also found in HNSCC tumour samples. Conclusions: Altogether, these data show that TRPC6 is likely to be a target for 11q21-22.2 amplification that confers enhanced invasive behavior to HNSCC cells. Therefore, ...

The temple of Bâ-qutfah is located in the Governorate of Hadhramawt (Yemen).Fouted by Jean-François BRETON and the French Archaeological Mission in the RDP of Yemen in 1978, this fairly healthy sanctuary included a podium, autel and a stone guard. In the wooden framework of the walls, 70 slabs were embedded. The temple was reportedly built around 7°-6th century BC. ; International audience ; The temple of Bâ-qutfah is located in the Governorate of Hadhramawt (Yemen).Fouted by Jean-François BRETON and the French Archaeological Mission in the RDP of Yemen in 1978, this fairly healthy sanctuary included a podium, autel and a stone guard. In the wooden framework of the walls, 70 slabs were embedded. The temple was reportedly built around 7°-6th century BC. ; Le temple de Bâ-qutfah se trouve dans le Gouvernorat du Hadhramawt (Yémen).Fouillé par Jean-François BRETON et la Mission archéologique française en RDP du Yémen, en 1978, ce sanctuaire en assez bon état comportait une cella avec un podium, un autel, une gouttière en pierre. Dans l'ossature de bois des murs étaient encastrées des dalles inscrites au nombre de 70 environ.Le temple aurait été édifié vers le 7°- 6° siècle av. J.- C.

Summary The change in the organisation and territorial structure of the Bolivian State brought with it multiple challenges. From the perspective of administrative law, there are a number of challenges, including those arising from the administrative act in departmental autonomous governments. In this regard, it is important to note that the issuing of administrative acts derives from the administrative function of the State, the general rule of which is that the executive bodies are responsible for issuing them, but there is an exception rule allowing the legislative bodies to exercise this function in specific cases. This picture presents a number of challenges surrounding the administrative act in these departmental autonomous governments, including the distinction between normative and non-normative acts, as well as the need to set up a new institutional structure in these bodies in order to improve the way in which this act materialises the day-to-day functioning of the State. ; Resumen La modificación en la organización y estructura territorial del Estado boliviano trajo consigo múltiples desafíos. Desde la perspectiva del derecho administrativo, existen varios desafíos entre los que se encuentran aquellos que derivan del acto administrativo en los gobiernos autónomos departamentales. Al respecto, es importante destacar que la emisión de actos administrativos deriva de la función administrativa del Estado, cuya regla general establece que son los Órganos Ejecutivos los encargados de su emisión, pero existe una regla de excepción que permite a los Órganos Legislativos ejercer esta función en casos específicos. Este panorama contempla varios desafíos en torno al acto administrativo en estos gobiernos autónomos departamentales entre los que destaca la distinción entre actos normativos y no normativos, así como la necesidad de configurar una nueva estructura institucional en estos órganos para mejorar la forma en la que se ejerce este acto que materializa el funcionamiento del Estado día a día.

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