Suchergebnisse

With the rise of 'bioeconomy', trees are receiving increasing attention. This contribution conducts a preliminary analysis of the trajectories and the main drivers of change in the rise of new, flexible and multiple uses of trees. It assesses the political dimensions involved in this transformation, which is simultaneously ongoing, anticipated and imagined. Notes are offered on the issues to be considered when the flex-crop framework is operationalized to include the study of trees, and additional conceptualizations that help in analyzing the political economy of tree uses are provided. Areas needing further empirical study are identified and a preliminary research agenda is suggested. The flexible and multiple use of trees and tree-derived commodities is having a large impact on power relations in the global political economy of forestry and the forest industry, the asymmetry of which is based on who is best able to flex or de-multiply, thereby controlling commodity webs and processing technology. It is argued that while flexing seems to increase diversity, in practice it typically increases this only for the processing industry; the converse occurs in terms of the unification of the productive base into monocultures. However, these two processes go hand in hand, and illustrate how flexing is a deeply capitalist process. ; Peer reviewed

The idea of border as 'line' has attracted a lot of critical attention in borders studies in recent years. Yet the idea of borders as lines still carries considerable power, both conceptually and politically. This chapter takes the persistence of the idea of line in contemporary border politics seriously, while also offering a couple of new ways to think about border dynamics, as 'line' suggests something static. The concept of 'tidemarks' as a way to think about border dynamics was developed in 2009 by the author at the first meeting of the EastBordNet research network (funded by COST as IS0803). That network, which was focusing on the eastern peripheries of Europe and aimed at developing a fresh way to conceptualise border dynamics there, carried on discussing the idea until 2013, when the network's funding ended. Sarah Green carried on thinking about the problem of how to conceptualise 'border' for several years thereafter. This chapter is the outcome of those 8 years of research and thinking, and summarises the idea. ; Peer reviewed

During the last decade the number of people fleeing to the European continent peaked. As a consequence, European institutions, together with the European Union member states, tried to find quick remedies to what they called the refugee crisis. The high number of refugees led to an increase in narratives regarding refugees, which were widely circulated in the media and within European institutions. In this chapter, we look at these narratives and how they prevent the European institutions from taking into account the refugees' own knowledge and skills. We raise the question of whether disregarding refugee knowledge is intentional or whether it stems from a lack of consideration or benign neglect. The main questions for the analysis are: What are the dominant discourses or narratives regarding refugee knowledge impacting European rhetoric and, as a result of that, European decision-making and policymaking? In what ways do these institutions and organisations narrate and recognise the knowledge of refugees? How do they acknowledge the knowledge and capabilities of the refugees? The main site of research comprises institutions within the European Union, although some attention is also paid to the Council of Europe. We have analysed policy papers, travaux préparatoires, proposals, white papers, and news outlets. We look at what kinds of roles the refugees are assigned in these reports and whether any of these roles take the expertise of the refugees into account. We understand the so-called European refugee crisis as a context for identifying five different, partially overlapping, and even contradictory narratives. We demonstrate how these dominant narratives contribute to categorising refugees and migrants in stereotypical and harmful ways that hinder recognition of the refugees' own knowledge and hearing their voices. Seeing refugees as valuable human beings with knowledge and skills risks being overshadowed by these problematic narratives, which are circulated and reproduced not only in the media but within the European institutions as well. ; Peer reviewed

Analysis of changes in the status of the concept 'migrant' in Athens from the 1990s to the current day. As Greece had no legislation on migration until the 1980s, people from abroad were classified as 'foreigners', which had a very different meaning from today's meaning. The chapter also considers the effects of Greece joining the Schengen zone in terms of its migration policies. Formal abstract: One aspect of the financial and then fiscal crisis in Athens was the simultaneous change in, and increase of, migration to the city. Their sheer numbers seemed to add to a pervasive sense of disproportion affecting the city. Of course, it is not the first time there has been a sudden arrival of large numbers of people from elsewhere in Athens: the 1920s was another notable moment, following the compulsory exchange of populations after the final breakup of the Ottoman Empire. There was also the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War. Both the city's past and present transnational relations leave their traces in the form that migration takes, and the way it is experienced here. The paper takes a brief look at some of those traces in order to explore how the city has been affected by changes in border regimes, changes in the way different parts of the world are entangled with one another. ; Non peer reviewed

Social and cultural anthropology and archaeology have deep connections to the social and physical sciences. Over the past 150 years, the subject matter and different theoretical perspectives have expanded greatly. 'Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology: an Encyclopedia' provides quick overviews of theories and theorists with just the basics - the 'who, what, where, how, and why'

"The Concise Dictionary of Social and Cultural Anthropology is an accessible, hands-on guide to the hundreds of terms the student of anthropology and the general reader will encounter in dealing with anthropological and ethnographic literature. It includes related terminology from allied fields such as sociology, economics, and geography. The focus is on key concepts in anthropology, with a number of biographies included to identify influential figures who have formulated central theories and conducted the most famous field research within cultures around the world. Extensive bibliographical references provide pointers for further research. Anthropology is a relatively young discipline with a complex history. Anthropological research encompasses hundreds of cultures and provides a valuable perspective on an increasingly globalized world. Written by a researcher and librarian expert in the fields of social and cultural anthropology, this Concise Dictionary offers an invaluable reference to the terminology and accomplishments of this far-reaching and diverse field."--Page 4 of cover