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The aging of the workforce is occurring globally and has significant impact on organizations. The Malaysian population is ageing. Although, not as quickly as the populations of a number of Asian nations, or of parts of Europe; the rate is sufficient to cause a concern. The life expectancy of Malaysians has increased in year 2012 with an average of 73.8 years or equal to 71.1 years for males and 76.7 years for females. The birth and death rates are 26.05 births/1,000 population and 5.29 deaths/1,000 population respectively. These figures have placed a greater liability on the government's shoulder, and have become a push factor for the country to revise a new retirement age for the public servants. The 'aged population' impinged on the new challenges faced by the Malaysian government, which had to deal with an unproductive aged workforce. A new retirement age from 58 to 60 years old has been introduced and this could have a positive effect on this cohort, in maintaining financial security. However, keeping older employees might affect organizations' performance and productivity. The organizations need to pay more attention on them, since they are less effective and might be affected by numerous health problems. An innovative culture should be introduced and this could be a good indicator for organizations that deal with these 'expensive' workers.

In March 1982, as a contribution to Senior Citizens' Week, the University of New South Wales sponsored an open symposium under the title "Age Care Whose Responsibility?". The symposium was attended by approximately 200 people and the papers presented that evening were both informative and provocative. The papers are not definitive statements about research findings, but rather reflect interests and concerns of the authors, and they highlight a small part of contemporary debates in social gerontology. As four papers given by four individuals there was, of course, no attempt to develop a unified theme. This is evident, for example, in the way in which the political dimensions of public allocations are discussed. The opening paper makes the point that if ageing is seen as a problem, it is a political problem, first and foremost, and we have not yet understood how to legitimize the claims made by elderly people and find a political resolution of allocative mechanisms. The second paper points out that allocations are the result of partisan political debate and as such are subject to uncertainty, which can breed fear among aged people whose options are limited. Jamrozik suggests as a possible solution the establishment of an Income Maintenance Commission which would operate outside party political boundaries. In the third paper, Peter Sinnett goes a step further and argues strongly for the depoliticization of provisions in health and welfare. He argues that the strongest groups, the most articulate and those able to express their interests win in the political stakes, at the expense of the most disadvantaged and also at the expense of equitable co-ordinated services. What we need, says Sinnett, is moral leadership, not political leadership. Ian Webster's paper examines the creation of dependency, and his inverse law of need again highlights the political dimension of resource allocation. The "law" states that (a) for the individual, access to services decreases with increasing needs (unmet need is compounded), (b) for ...

China is aging at an unprecedented rate. Improvements in life expectancy and the consequences of the decades-old family planning policy have led to a rapid increase in the elderly population. According to the United Nations World Population Prospects, the proportion of older people age 65 and over will increase by about one-fourth by 2030, and the elderly will account for about one quarter of the total population by 2050. Population aging will not only pose challenges for elder care but also have an impact on the economy and all aspects of society (World Bank, 2016a). The government is aware of the need to develop an efficient and sustainable approach to aged care. To this end, the General Office of the State Council issued the 12th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Aged Care Services in China and the Development Plan for a System of Social Services for the Aged (2011-2015). It is now in the process of formulating the 13th Five-Year National Plan on Aging, which will further elaborate and finalize the reform roadmap for 2016 to 2020. The Plan is expected to be finalized and launched by June 2016. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) helped draft these plans and is now leading the development of policy measures for the provision of social services for the elderly. This volume has been prepared to support the translation of the broad ideas on aged care provision expressed in the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plans and other government plans into reality and to help the government tackle the challenges described above. It strives to identify a policy framework that fits the Chinese context and can be put in place gradually. Specifically, it aims to provide an up-to-date understanding of the evolving aged care landscape in China; review international experiences in long-term care provision, financing, and quality assurance and assess their relevance to China's current situation; discuss implications of current developments and trends for the future of aged care in China; and propose policy options based on available evidence and best practices.

The position is taken that those who are both black & old are different from the aged or the minority aged, & primary concern is shown for providing background information on the National Caucus on the Black Aged, Inc. (NCBA) & selected demographic data on black & other aged to justify that position & hence, NCBA's existence. Black aged, who often experience multiple jeopardy from racism, ageism, & poverty & in the case of F's, sexism, are beset with some crucial problems differentiating them from other aged. Some of them are in the areas of education, employment, low income, mortality (black aged enjoy on the average greater longevity than their white counterparts due to the operation of the survival of the fittest), housing, & political participation. Because NCBA is opposed to the "artificial dissection of blacks" it is committed to the position that those problems can be resolved through effective political action involving NCBA & aged blacks. It is recommended that needed distinctions be made between various minority groups who fall in the category of the aged & to make a special effort to treat the black aged in such a manner that the interests of equity are satisfied. 6 Tables. Modified HA.