Suchergebnisse

Le candombe est un rythme, une danse et un défilé, une pratique fondée par les esclaves noirs et leurs descendants, à Montevideo. Le candombe fut longtemps la seule forme de visibilité de la minorité afro-uruguayenne. Divers processus, institutionnels et populaires, lui donnent aujourd'hui de nouvelles dimensions. Différents types d'inscriptions murales associées au candombe sont apparus depuis la fin des années 1990 (peintures murales, graffitis, pochoirs) ; à travers elles, nous envisageons la place sociale et culturelle de la minorité noire, question complexe et dynamique. Sur les murs, la représentation hétérogène de la culture du candombe , à la fois légitime et transgressive, maintient et transcende son origine ethnique. Les murs sont l'espace où s'expose une communauté qui lutte pour sa reconnaissance et une pratique culturelle populaire, appropriée par tous ; c'est aujourd'hui une spécificité de Montevideo.

The 2015 Intercensal Survey marks the first time African descent self-identification was included on a nationally representative survey in Mexico. Before that, there were no nation-wide official counts of the Afro-Mexican population. In this paper we use ordinal logistic regression models to examine the effect of being Afro-descendant on the educational and occupational status of Mexi-cans. Contrary to expectations, our results show that, at the national level, there is no evidence that the self-identified Afro-Mexican population has a lower socioeconomic status than other Mexicans. This contradictory result may be attributed to a higher likelihood of Afro-descendant self-identification among more educated people, and lower among the most disadvantaged, par-ticularly in areas where Afro-Mexicans are less represented.

With the European political landscape becoming increasingly intolerant of differences, where neoconservative, racist and xenophobic ideologies are becoming more popular and with the decline of traditional racism marked by its evidence and easy recognition, and the spread of subtle forms of ethnic discrimination in organizations, it is important to trace where graduated Afro-descendants with white-collar jobs stand in the spectrum of discrimination in Portuguese organizations. This qualitative study aims to analyse the workplace experiences of graduated Afro-descendants in the 'first person', with a specific focus on the perceptions of unequal treatment and discrimination. Twelve graduate men and women who define themselves as Afro-descendants participated in semi-structured interviews and exposed their perceptions and understandings of potentially discriminatory situations at work, ways of coping with these events, and HRM policies favouring cultural diversity, equality and inclusion in organizations. The interviews were analysed by using a thematic analysis style – Template Analysis – producing the following main themes: 'perception of discrimination', 'coping strategies', 'consequences of ethnic discrimination', and 'HRM practices' developed and explored in 12 sub-themes. It was found that ethnic identity plays an important role in the perception and attribution to discrimination, that subtle discrimination permeates Portuguese organizations which are fairly homogeneous in terms of cultural diversity, and that HRM policies must be appropriate to adequately manage diversity counteracting the multiculturalist approach of including diversity without considering the existing inequalities between dominant group and ethnic minorities. ; Com o panorama político europeu cada vez mais intolerante às diferenças, onde as ideologias neoconservadoras, racistas e xenófobas estão cada vez mais populares, com a diminuição do racismo tradicional marcado pela sua evidência e fácil reconhecimento, e a propagação de formas subtis de discriminação racial nas organizações, é importante compreender em que situação estão as minorias étnicas com empregos de colarinho branco nas organizações portuguesas, no espectro da discriminação. Este estudo qualitativo visa analisar as experiências laborais de afrodescendentes graduados na 'primeira pessoa', com um foco específico nas perceções de tratamento desigual e discriminação. Doze homens e mulheres graduados que se definem como afrodescendentes participaram em entrevistas semiestruturadas e expuseram as suas perceções e entendimentos sobre situações potencialmente discriminatórias no trabalho, formas de lidar com esses eventos e políticas de gestão de RH de favorecimento à diversidade cultural, igualdade e inclusão nas organizações. A análise das entrevistas foi feita recorrendo a um estilo de análise temática - "Template Analysis" - produzindo os seguintes temas: "perceção de discriminação", "estratégias de coping", "consequências da discriminação étnica", e "práticas de GRH", desenvolvidos e explorados em 12 subtemas. Constatou-se que a identidade étnica desempenha um papel importante na perceção e atribuição à discriminação, que a discriminação subtil permeia as organizações portuguesas que se revelaram bastante homogéneas em termos de diversidade cultural e as políticas de GRH devem ser adequadas para ser feita uma gestão da diversidade que contrarie a abordagem multiculturalista de incluir a diversidade sem considerar as desigualdades existentes entre grupo dominante e minorias étnicas.

The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to reconsider nineteenth century European literature through the study of non-canonical texts written by Afro-descendant women during the transatlantic slavery, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. It advances the thesis that the writings of the "minor subjects" in modern Europe put forth an innovative idea of freedom, which can help us to reconsider not only our understanding of gender identities but also our notion of Europe. The literary texts selected for this study are the following: the slave narrative written by Mary Prince, a former slave from the British colonies in the Caribbean and entitled The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave Related by Herself (1831); a collection of Cuban poems written by Maria Cristina Fragas (Cristina Ayala), Ofrendas Mayabequinas (1926); and Ursula (1859), a novel by Maria Firmina dos Reis, a woman of African descent born in the Portuguese colony of Brazil. These works are useful examples in order to re-examine European identity in the light of the important historical event of the transatlantic slave trade, given the role that slavery and colonialism played not only as historical facts but also as ideologies. The study hereafter presented is structured in five chapters, with an introduction and a concluding section. The introduction draws a general outline of the dissertation. In the first chapter, the topic of the research and its rationale are discussed, explaining the hypothesis and the objectives of the work and presenting a review of the existing literature on the topic. In particular, I establish the framework for the methodology of the research, locating the idea of desire (Eros), of women's literature, of post-colonial and de-colonial literature and the category of gender. The second chapter examines the way in which the historical and cultural background of the nineteenth century influenced my corpus of primary texts. Subsequently, in the following three chapters, I examine each work individually: The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave Related by Herself in the third chapter; Ofrendas Mayabequinas in the fourth; and Ursula in the fifth. Finally, the conclusion is devoted to the interpretation and comparison of the studied texts. The re-discovery and research of minor voices in European literature and, in particular, of women and slaves, goes hand in hand with the necessity for a new Europe that must rethink the notions of otherness and freedom as a way to reframe its human and political relationships. ; Tesis Univ. Granada.

Longtemps occulté, voire objet de déni, le passé africain de l'Argentine resurgit sous l'égide de multiples acteurs qui tissent progressivement les contours d'un cosmopolitisme noir. Depuis le début des années 1990, des descendants d'esclaves, des deuxième et troisième générations d'immigrés capverdiens, des migrants subsahariens et latino-américains mettent en saillance une ethnicité qui se décline selon des modalités distinctes ; alors que les derniers arrivés cherchent à exploiter le créneau économique de l'africanité en convoquant notamment un ethos de l'Africain traditionnel supposé être le garant de la culture et des techniques ancestrales, les Afro-argentins investissent plutôt le champ du politique dans l'espoir d'obtenir des réparations pour des discriminations subies depuis le xvi e siècle.

Abstract: This article is centered around the experiences of Afro-descendant men in the 1812–1813 period of the Mexican War of Independence as it occurred in the port-city of Veracruz and it Sotavento (Leeward) hinterland. It argues that Black men had complex, active, and essential roles in providing the backbone of regional royalist and insurgent armies. It pieces together the fragmented military and political agency of Veracruz's Afro-descendant men as reflected in published and unknown archival sources of the colonial and national archive, such as military reports and correspondence, constitutions, decrees, 19th Century published accounts, and a lengthy court case. This article sheds light on how Afro-descendant men were pushed to participate by their individual and collective needs, reacting to localized, and transatlantic, conditions that promised, or excluded them from, social, economic, and political advancement. By centering Veracruz's Afro-descendant men as instrumental players of the war, even in leadership roles, this article seeks to problematize traditional narratives of the struggle that negate and erase Black History in the Mexican struggle for liberation. This article also places their experiences within the backdrops of Atlantic World politics during the Age of Revolutions. It examines the ways by which they reacted to limiting frameworks of citizenship influenced by localized, and transatlantic, Anti-Black stereotypes and fears, along with the adoption of the 1812 Cádiz Charter. This article argues that these men found themselves amidst the paradox of being militarily wanted but politically rejected by nineteenth century Spanish colonialism. This led Afro-descendant men to seek new opportunities of belonging and empowerment, joining the insurgency to improve their sociopolitical status. This article seeks to humanize voiceless Afro-descendant historical actors placing them as essential players of Veracruz's, and the Greater Caribbean's, early-nineteenth century regional dynamics.

<p dir="ltr"><span>El artículo que se presenta a continuación expone algunos de los resultados parciales de la investigación "Prácticas de restitución de derechos y resignificaciones culturales en las organizaciones de la población afrodescendiente e indígena en situación de desplazamiento de la ciudad de Bogotá", la cual se ha venido desarrollando desde 2013 por los integrantes del grupo de investigación "Procesos sociopolíticos contemporáneos" del Programa de Trabajo Social de la Fundación Universitaria Monserrate. El artículo se centra en la descripción de las prácticas puestas en marcha desde las organizaciones de las comunidades afrodescendientes e indígenas dentro del proceso de restitución de derechos en la ciudad de Bogotá. Finalmente, se identifican algunas dificultades de los procesos organizativos de las comunidades en mención.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>

This article examines the evolution of the Afro-descendant women's movement in Peru between 1980 and 2015. We examine the development of women's conscious through other movements, specifically through the national Afro-Peruvian movement and the regional feminist encounters that have been taking place since the 1980s. Our study outlines the tensions, and points of convergence and divergence that have existed for Afro-Peruvian women in these movements. We demonstrate how these issues characterize the nature of Afro-Peruvian women's struggle and their social and political position within the realm of race- and gender-based activism. We show that this friction has prompted women to challenge their institutions and to create spaces for themselves to focus on their own specific needs. First, we trace the Afro-descendant and feminist movements, beginning at the regional level before focusing on the specific case of Peru. Then we outline the different roles that women activists have occupied within the Afro-descendant movement in-country and show how their participation became more visible within their respective organizations and, at times, in the government. Finally, we examine the emergence of a new feminist Afro-Peruvian collective that has served as a locus of cross-organizational dialogue and articulation for veteran and newer activists. The conclusion outlines important current advances involving civil society collectives. The data featured in this paper were collected through extensive archival research, in-depth semi-structured interviews with representatives from the Afro-descendant movements in Peru conducted between 2004 and 2013, and intensive participant observation.