Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe literature on the history of passports has been generally discussed in the context of freedom of movement around the globe during the 19th century. However, with its administrative regulations and practices, the Ottoman Empire offered a different view of passports and mobility controls. Through perceiving new threats from the political issues of the late 19th century and directing its attention mainly at the Armenian and Macedonian Questions, one of the critical issues facing the Ottoman government during the Hamidian Era (1876–1908) was controlling the geographic mobility of the individuals who were perceived as a threat based on Ottoman security policies. This paper brings a particular case of this history into focus: the administrative control of the mobility of Armenians. Despite the fact that extensive research has been done on the Armenian Question, so far, little has been written on the policies restricting their mobility. This paper aims to explore the passport regulations and practices to shed light onto the relationship between state formation, Ottoman threat perceptions and the marginalisation of the Armenian community. I offer a new look at the securitisation of the Armenian Question.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Rationale for This Book -- 1.2 Theoretical Approaches: A New Social Movements and Resource Mobilization Theory Perspective -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Revisiting Armenians in the Ottoman Empire: Deportations and Atrocities -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: From Ottoman Millet to Turkish Citizens: 1923-2002 -- 3.1 Denialism in Turkish Academia and Literature -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Hopes and Loss of Democratization Under AKP Government: From 2002 Onward -- 4.1 After the First AKP Victory: A Relatively Liberal Environment -- 4.2 Dink's Assassination Followed by 'Democratic Opening' -- 4.3 Intolerance Toward Non-Muslims: Being Armenian in Turkey -- 4.4 Erdoğan's 'New Turkey': One-Man Rule -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Challenging the Turkish State's Denial of the Armenian Genocide -- 5.1 The Rise of Civil Society: "We Are All Hrant, We Are All Armenians" -- 5.2 Resource Mobilization: The Apology Campaign, Electoral Advocacy, Gezi Park Protests -- 5.3 Mobilization Among Armenians in Istanbul -- 5.4 Cultural and Symbolic Tactics: Networked Activism and Initiatives by Civil Society -- 5.5 Retrieving 'Silenced Memories' Through the Movements -- 5.6 Resistance Performance: Alternative Art, Music and Media -- 5.7 The Rise and Revelation of Islamized Armenians -- 5.8 The Kurds in the Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation Process -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography -- Bibliography -- Index.

Few issues in late-nineteenth-century Armenian/Turkish history straddle so many of the "questions" of the period as does the mass conversion of Armenians in the 1890s. The topic is enmeshed in the much-contested "Armenian Question," the birth of Armenian nationalism, the so-called "Eastern Question," and the rise of Turkish nationalism. This article will deal with these conversions by situating them within the larger context of the "Armenian Question" generally. Although important research has been done on the mass conversions during the genocide of 1915, surprisingly little has focused on the massacres of 1894–1897. Even more surprising is the lack of research to date into the issue of mass conversions during the latter period, and nothing has been written based on Ottoman archives. My aim here is to make a contribution towards filling this lacuna.

AbstractMarshaling an array of travelogues from British adventurers who visited the Russian-Ottoman-Persian borderlands during the first half of the 19th century, it is clear that the Armenian Question arose in the British consciousness earlier than previously thought. Influenced by their origins and the political circumstances of the countries through which they journeyed, British travelers highlighted in their narratives the political status of the Armenians and the trends affecting them throughout the borderlands. Ethnoreligious and socioeconomic strife between Armenians and other various groups remained a persistent theme that linked the disparate accounts and authors. Frequently overlooking core religious, cultural, political, and social factors and identities that distinguished the Turks, Persians, and Kurds, British travelers issued essentialized explanations for Armenian struggles that highlighted their status as a religious minority surrounded by ostensibly hostile majorities. Well before the outbreak of the Crimean War, British adventurers contextualized Armenian misery within the British-Russian geopolitical rivalry. Thus, early British adventurers established the cultural and political groundwork for the more famous discussions of the Armenian Question during the last decades of the 1800s.