Suchergebnisse

p. 247-275 ; This paper discusses the interactions and confrontations of the Austrian and Prussian officials with the religious community of the Russian Old Believers. They took place in two European regions: Bukovina (nowadays divided between Romania and Ukraine) and Neuostpreussen (nowadays divided between Poland and Lithuania) beginning at the end of the eighteenth century. The author discusses the officials' associations and misunderstandings regarding the Old Believers. The authorities could not easily distinguish the Old Believers from the Orthodox Christians and had problems recognising their language. In many cases, improper data resulted in failed actions. There was a constant tension between the positive assessment of the Old Believers' diligence and their refusal to fulfil the requirements of the state, like an oath-taking, military service, metrical registration, or inns' building. The consequent resistance of the communities was often stronger than the administrative enforcement, thus revealing the limits of the modern enlightened bureaucracy in practice in the countryside. ; s. 247-275 ; This paper discusses the interactions and confrontations of the Austrian and Prussian officials with the religious community of the Russian Old Believers. They took place in two European regions: Bukovina (nowadays divided between Romania and Ukraine) and Neuostpreussen (nowadays divided between Poland and Lithuania) beginning at the end of the eighteenth century. The author discusses the officials' associations and misunderstandings regarding the Old Believers. The authorities could not easily distinguish the Old Believers from the Orthodox Christians and had problems recognising their language. In many cases, improper data resulted in failed actions. There was a constant tension between the positive assessment of the Old Believers' diligence and their refusal to fulfil the requirements of the state, like an oath-taking, military service, metrical registration, or inns' building. The consequent resistance of the communities was often stronger than the administrative enforcement, thus revealing the limits of the modern enlightened bureaucracy in practice in the countryside.

Socio-economic and political contexts play a major role in a community's perception of the environment, determining natural resource use. We examined perceptions of forest and forest resource use among two Hutsul communities in Bukovina sharing a similar cultural background but living in a region divided by the national border created between Romania and Ukraine in the 1940s. Twenty-nine open-ended and 61 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Hutsuls from Romania and Ukraine. Hutsuls across the border mostly share perceptions of forest benefits, while they differ in perceptions of environmental changes and the drivers of these changes. Hutsuls of Ukraine showed a greater connectedness and a stronger tie to the forest as an essential element of their livelihoods. Moreover, Hutsuls in Ukraine rely more on forest medicinal plants than do Hutsuls in Romania. Hutsuls' perspectives on the negative impact of current forest management policies should be a cornerstone for redesigning sustainable forest management plans.

This volume examines the changing role which ordinary members of society played in the state-sponsored persecution of the Jews in Bukovina and Bessarabia, both during the summer of 1941, when Romania joined the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, and beyond. It establishes different patterns of civilian complicity and discusses the significance of the phenomenon in the context of the exterminatory campaign pursued by the Romanian military authorities against the Jews living in the borderlands.

Gaëlle Fisher and Caroline Mezger: Introduction - The Holocaust in the Borderlands: Interethnic Relations and the Dynamics of Violence in Occupied Eastern Europe -- Anca Filipovici: The Rise of Antisemitism in the Multiethnic Borderland of Bukovina: Student Movements and Interethnic Clashes at the University of Cernauti (1922-1938) -- Doris L. Bergen: Saving Christianity, Killing Jews: German Religious Campaigns and the Holocaust in the Borderlands -- Linda Margittai: Hungarians, Germans, and Serbs in Wartime Vojvodina: Patterns of Attitudes and Behaviors towards Jews in a Multiethnic Border Region of Hungary -- Goran Miljan: The Ustasha Youth and the Aryanization of Jewish Property in the Independent State of Croatia, 1941-1945 -- Svetlana Suveica: Local Agency and the Appropriation of Jewish Property in Romania's Eastern Borderland: Public Employees during the Holocaust in Bessarabia (1941-1944) -- Anna Wylegala: Listening to the Different Voices: Jewish, Polish, and Ukrainian Narratives on Jewish Property in Nazi-Occupied Eastern Galicia -- Miriam Schulz: "Gornisht oyser verter"?! Khurbn-shprakh as a Mirror of the Dynamics of Violence in German-Occupied Eastern Europe -- Source Commentary -- Sanela Schmid: Law Decree on Racial Affiliation (April 30, 1941) int he Independent State of Croatia -- Project Descriptions -- Elysa Ivie McConnell: Fascist Italy and the "Other": Italianization and the Holocaust in the Triveneto Borderlands, 1918-1948 -- Frank Görlich: Vanishing Point Transnistria: Post-Imperial Biographies and German Transnational Continuities in an Age of Empire-Building and Ideologized Mass Violence -- Dana Mihailescu: Transcultural Networks in Narratives about the Holocaust in Eastern Europe.

The XX-th century had a decisive role in shaping the societies of Eastern Europe. In a short period of time several political ideologies influenced the people causing deep woundsand the effects we face even today.
The Republic of Moldova, The Ukraine and Romania have all fallen under the influence of the soviet ideology. To impose such a drastic change regarding the way of life, social institutions such as the Church, the family and private propriety, special methods had to be used. The Bolshevik ideology did not have any regard for the price of individual life and did not refrain from using violent methods. According to the main communist ideologues famine, torture, propriety nationalization and killings were justified.
The effects of this societal change still affect the region. Romania, The Republic of Moldova and Ukraine must find the understanding for the past and create solutions for the common problems.
Keywords: political pressure, communism, intellectuals, violence, famine

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and 'ethnic unmixing', guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. This introductory essay provides an overview of the historiography of the borderland region of Bukovina after 1945 and 1989–1991. Presenting the approaches adopted in different national contexts after the end of the Second World War, it points to the methodological nationalism which characterized research on the region during the Cold War. We show that while the historiography of Bukovina on the ground, in Romania and the Soviet Union, refracted wider national ideologies, abroad, particularly in West Germany and Israel, it remained for a long time the prerogative of small groups of "Bukovinians," who saw it as their "lost home." We explore both the similarities and differences between these narratives and stakeholders as well as the changes that took place after 1989–1991, especially in Romania and Ukraine. We show that while divided, the actors behind the narratives and thereby the narratives themselves have been connected in complex ways over the decades and particularly since the collapse of communism. Indeed, while for a long time the study of Bukovina resisted transnationalism, it nevertheless constituted and constitutes an ultimately transnational research object. Today, Bukovina remains a space of contest but it is also a space of opportunity, not least for researchers interested in the contested histories of borderland regions. This essay therefore contextualizes the themes and issues addressed in the following cluster of articles and identifies avenues for future research in this field.

Tourism is one of the most vulnerable industries when facing a global threat of sanitary, economic, or military considerations. From an economic activity comprising nearly 3% of the country's GDP, the tourism has dropped to a flat zero in Romania. For three months, specifically March - May 2020, almost 97% of the accommodation units were closed, and only those hosting medical staff or quarantined persons were open during this period. The present study runs an analysis on the tourism in Bukovina during March-July 2020 and employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results have highlighted that tourists were partial to a certain type of accommodation units, namely agritourist and tourist guesthouses in Bukovina. Another visible fact is the predilection for remote places with good accessibility located along the main road axes to Bukovina (stopovers, tourist cottages, chalets, and campsites).

This paper discusses the interactions and confrontations of the Austrian and Prussian officials with the religious community of the Russian Old Believers. They took place in two European regions: Bukovina (nowadays divided between Romania and Ukraine) and Neuostpreussen (nowadays divided between Poland and Lithuania) beginning at the end of the eighteenth century. The author discusses the officials' associations and misunderstandings regarding the Old Believers. The authorities could not easily distinguish the Old Believers from the Orthodox Christians and had problems recognising their language. In many cases, improper data resulted in failed actions. There was a constant tension between the positive assessment of the Old Believers' diligence and their refusal to fulfil the requirements of the state, like an oath-taking, military service, metrical registration, or inns' building. The consequent resistance of the communities was often stronger than the administrative enforcement, thus revealing the limits of the modern enlightened bureaucracy in practice in the countryside.

This paper discusses the interactions and confrontations of the Austrian and Prussian officials with the religious community of the Russian Old Believers. They took place in two European regions: Bukovina (nowadays divided between Romania and Ukraine) and Neuostpreussen (nowadays divided between Poland and Lithuania) beginning at the end of the eighteenth century. The author discusses the officials' associations and misunderstandings regarding the Old Believers. The authorities could not easily distinguish the Old Believers from the Orthodox Christians and had problems recognising their language. In many cases, improper data resulted in failed actions. There was a constant tension between the positive assessment of the Old Believers' diligence and their refusal to fulfil the requirements of the state, like an oath-taking, military service, metrical registration, or inns' building. The consequent resistance of the communities was often stronger than the administrative enforcement, thus revealing the limits of the modern enlightened bureaucracy in practice in the countryside.