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This study examined the incidence of neckwear tightness among a group of 94 white-collar working men and the effect of a tight business-shirt collar and tie on the visual performance of 22 male subjects. Of the white-collar working men measured, 67% were found to be wearing neckwear that was tighter than their neck circumference. The visual discrimination of the 22 subjects was evaluated using a critical flicker frequency (CFF) test. Results of the CFF test indicated that tight neckwear significantly decreased the visual performance of the subjects and that visual performance did not improve immediately when tight neckwear was removed.

PurposeThis paper explores critical failure factors (CFFs) in the context of knowledge sharing. It provides further insights into what can cause knowledge- sharing failures, inflexible knowledge-sharing strategies and ineffective knowledge- sharing mechanisms. It also examines how practitioners can reduce or even mitigate such dysfunctions.Design/methodology/approachA case-based inductive approach was conducted. Data were collected from two studies applying mixed methods. The first data set included nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews with highly skilled personnel from an aerospace and defense organization. The second data source included 375 successfully completed questionnaires from participants employed at the same organization.FindingsThe paper identifies six CFFs with an impact on knowledge sharing. It also reveals that managing organizational ignorance can play a key role in generating new knowledge and averting failure. Study findings provide insights into the importance of identifying these failures when sharing knowledge and propose relevant mitigation strategies.Originality/valueThis paper identifies a range of empirically validated CFFs that complement the extant work on the complexity of knowledge sharing and have hitherto not been seen in the literature. It also provides a more nuanced understanding of why both organizations and their people often fail to share knowledge by exploring the role of organizational ignorance.

This article explains the integrated implementation of a COVID-19 Feminist Framework (CFF) and biopsychosocial-spiritual perspective (BPSS-P) on the inclusive equitability of social service providers, practitioners, and policy-developers on global platforms. Mechanisms of CFF and BPSS-P entail the process to address/mitigate institutional inequities, mental health issues, violation of human rights, race/sex/gender-based violence, abuse, and trauma amid COVID-19. This discourse is about raising consciousness, collective liberation, wellbeing, and equality for women, children, BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, and gender-diverse people. This article further discusses social workers and mental health practitioners' uniqueness for short-term and long-term support for emotional, cognitive-behavioral, and psychosocial repercussions on the individual and community levels.

The current mode of ocean governance in the biogeographically defined space of the Coral Triangle emerged due to the framing of marine degradation as a de-bounded risk with a transboundary nature. This framing justified the rescaling of the issue's governance from the national to the regional. This article will explore how ocean governance in the form of the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF) is an example of a regional multi-level regulatory governance arrangement based on disaggregated, regulatory forms of statehood. These new kinds of regional regulatory governance are defined by the dominance of policy and technical expertise. As such, non-state actors work closely with national and supranational actors in the development, implementation, and regulatory functions of the CTI-CFF. The organizational structure of the CTI-CFF's governance framework provides an example of how regional regulatory systems are networked into existing national government structures. The CTI-CFF's Regional Plan of Action and corresponding mechanisms serve as a model for each member country's National Plan of Action and domestic programs. These plans of action promote the transformation and rescaling of national governance to be consistent with regional standards of marine resource governance. To summarize, CTI-CFF is a multi-level governance structure constructed to strengthen regulatory regionalism.

A Cirurgia de Feminização Facial (CFF) é um conjunto de procedimentos ósseos e teciduais moles desenvolvido para feminilizar os rostos de mulheres transgêneros. Na avaliação cirúrgica, características faciais particulares são identificadas como "específicas ao sexo" e marcadas para tal intervenção. Porém, essas características não exibem traços "masculinos" ou "femininos" apenas; elas são complexamente recortadas por morfologias de classificação étnico-racial. Baseando-me em observação clínica a partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, mostro como o ideal feminino desejado entrou em conflito com características identificadas como "étnicas". Na prática de CFF "masculinidade" e "raça" foram enredadas como elementos exteriores através dos quais a "feminilidade" desejável era articulada. Argumento que a cirurgia que, conscientemente, atua para fazer a paciente se afastar de uma etnicidade fisionomicamente identificada visando a alcançar uma feminilidade ostensivamente neutra e não marcada se torna não apenas um processo de feminilizar o rosto, mas também um processo de "embranquecê-lo", ainda que as feições da branquitude não sejam o desejo expresso da paciente ou objetivo do cirurgião.

Familial clustering, twin concordance, and identification of high- and low-penetrance cancer predisposition variants support the idea that there are families that are at a high to moderate excess risk of cancer. To what extent there may be families that are protected from cancer is unknown. We wanted to test genetically whether cancer-free families share fewer breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk alleles than the population at large. We addressed this question by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 51 elderly cancer-free individuals whose numerous (ca. 1000) family members were found to be cancer-free ('cancer-free families', CFFs) based on face-to-face interviews. The average coverage of the 51 samples in the WGS was 42x. We compared cancer risk allele frequencies in cancer-free individuals with those in the general population available in public databases. The CFF members had fewer loss-of-function variants in suggested cancer predisposition genes compared to the ExAC data, and for high-risk cancer predisposition genes, no pathogenic variants were found in CFFs. For common low-penetrance breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk alleles, the results were not conclusive. The results suggest that, in line with twin and family studies, random environmental causes are so dominant that a clear demarcation of cancer-free populations using genetic data may not be feasible. ; The study was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, No 856620. A.H. was supported by Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation,HUCHResearch Funds (VTR), Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Organizations, University of Helsinki, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Various versions of Hospital Information system (HIS) have been developed and implemented in Malaysian government hospitals as an enabler in providing a better service to public. However, some of the applications are suffering and facing many challenges during implementation phase and failed to be implemented successfully. Preliminary study revealed that there is no guideline in implementing IS in government hospitals in Northern Region of Malaysia. This article proposes a guideline to prevent the mentioned problems in ensuring a success implementation of IS in Malaysian government hospitals. Extensive literature review and in-depth interview have been conducted to identify the Critical Failure Factors (CFFs) of IS projects implementation. Key persons representing top management, IT practitioners and medical practitioners from four selected government hospitals in the Northern Region of Malaysia were involved in data collection. The model has been constructed to tackle the identified CFFs by incorporating the elements of CM adopted from the three CM models (Lewin's, Kotter's, and Prosci's ADKAR models). The model is believed to be beneficial for top management, IT practitioners and medical practitioners in preventing IS implementation failure among government hospitals towards ensuring the success implementation.

We compared 7 methods of measuring visual fatigue - accommodation power, visual acuity, pupil diameter, critical fusion frequency (CFF), eye movement velocity, subjective rating of visual fatigue, and task performance - for their sensitivity to visual load. In the experiment, 10 participants performed a monitoring task at 2 viewing distances, read articles under 2 levels of screen contrast, and tracked visual targets at 2 different speeds. The same measurement techniques, excluding pupil diameter and eye movement velocity, were compared by extending the task time from 20 to 60 min with the same VDT tasks to test for possible improvement in sensitivity. The results indicated that sensitivities of accommodation power, visual acuity, and CFF were greatly improved by a longer task period, but these 3 measurement techniques did not distinguish among tasks. Pupil diameter, eye movement velocity, and subjective rating of visual fatigue were sensitive in differentiating tracking from reading and monitoring tasks. Eye movement velocity and subjective rating were sensitive to the changes in target velocity of the tracking task. Although task performance was not directly comparable to other measurement techniques, it helped to ensure that participants maintained the same performance level by devoting more resources to the highload conditions. Actual or potential applications of this research include using some of these assessment techniques for the design of adaptive displays.

We thank the patients and staff at each of the contributing centres for their involvement, time and patience in sample collection. This study was supported by grants from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/H019456/1) and the Wellcome Trust (WT 098051). AWW receives core funding support from the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) division. AA and GO received support from the Dartmouth Translational Research Core (CFF RDP STANTO15R0) for acquiring samples. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERPs) is a complex and costly process which usually results in serious failures. Numerous factors affect these projects implementation due to their size, complexity and high chance of failure. Therefore, identifying these factors in ERP projects is a critical issue. The majority of previous studies and research projects have been conducted in identifying ERP Critical Success Factors (CSFs) rather than Critical Failure Factors (CFFs). In order to help practitioners, this paper studies the CFFs in this kind of projects. Unfortunately, the implications of interdependency among failure factors are usually underestimated by project managers and decision makers since they are difficult to model and analyze. With this in mind, the authors have built Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) of failure factors in ERP implementation projects. The main advantage of FCM lies in them being capable of modeling complex phenomena based on the experts' perceptions. This tool models uncertainty and related events, imitating human reasoning. Moreover, FCMs enable the developing of forecasting exercises through simulations. Practitioners would thus assess the joint influence of ERP implementation failure factors on project outcomes. The results make known to practitioners which problems will arise if the failure factors are not treated, and how these will impact on the outcomes of projects. Therefore, the tool proposed would help them to manage ERP implementation projects in a more effective and proactive way.

This is a report on the fourth and final year of the RUAF-CFF programme activities in West Africa Anglophone region, coordinated by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Ghana. This report documents the activities implemented as well as the results, outcomes and impacts in all focus cities within the region from January 2005 to December 2008. The cities are: a. Pilot cities: Accra, Ghana, Freetown, Sierra Leone, and Ibadan, Nigeria in sequential order of entry and intervention; b. Partner (or dissemination) cities: Tamale, Tema and Cape Coast in Ghana; and Akure in Nigeria, all at completion stages of pilot project implementation in their respective cities.

Successful implementation of Information System (IS) in government hospitals is indeed a challenging task. Fail to prevent or control challenges of Information System (IS) implementation have led to the failure of its implementation. Government has invested a big amount of money on information system (IS) projects to improve service delivery in healthcare. However, several of them failed to be implemented successfully due to several factors. This article proposes how Change Management (CM) helps in preventing the failure of IS implementation, hence ensuring the success of it. This study starts by discovering challenges of IS implementation in government hospitals. Combination of extensive literature review and deep interview approaches were employed to discover these challenges. CM has been employed in designing a prevention model to cater the challenges. The model caters three main phases of implementation; pre-implementation, during implementation, and post-implementation by adopting CM practices of Lewin's, Kotter's and Prosci's CM model. Six elements of CM comprising thirteen sub-elements adopted from the three CM models have been used to handle CFFs of Human and Support issues; guiding team, resistance avoidance, IS adoption, enforcement, monitoring, and IS sustainability. Successful practice of the proposed mapping is expected to prevent CFFs to occur, hence ensuring a successful implementation of IS in the hospitals. The proposed model has been presented and successfully evaluated by the domain experts from the selected hospitals. The proposed model is believed to be beneficial for top management, IT practitioners and medical practitioners in preventing IS implementation failure among government hospitals towards ensuring the success implementation.

Indebidamente los contribuyentes acuden a prácticas ilegales (evasión, si­mulación y defraudación fiscal), esto debido a los trastornos financieros que en lo cotidiano, en la gran mayoría de empresas en México pasa, tales prácticas a las que nos referimos es la moda hoy en día al igual que otros cambios en materia fiscal como complementos de pago, factura electró­nica y contabilidad electrónica entre otras; el trastorno mayor es respecto de hacer uso indebido de comprobantes fiscales que amparan operaciones inexistentes, cuyo principal objetivo es reducir su carga tributaria, al darles un efecto fiscal a tales comprobantes deduciendo y/o acreditando diversas operaciones simuladas consignadas en los mismos y que en realidad no se llevaron a cabo. La problemática inicial comenzó con la incorporación legislativa del artículo 69-B del Código Fiscal de la Federación (CFF) así como al momento de que la autoridad fiscal ejerce sus facultades de com­probación, solicita a los contribuyentes comprobar la debida materialidad de los actos o actividades, soportadas en los comprobantes fiscales.