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In the translated lecture the author tries and answers the question on what ground are we entitled to ascribe "centrality" to Central Europe. He points out that, in contemporary usage, the term "Europe" stands for three different, not overlapping phenomena: geographical, political, and cultural.

During the past decades, central banks acquired considerable independence from democratic institutions under the Central Bank Independence (CBI) template. Yet, the changing role of central banks since the 2007–2008 crisis has led to a (re)politicization of central banking and has weakened the scientific and political consensus on the CBI model. In turn, central bankers have tried to neutralize repoliticization and these efforts have shaped their unconventional monetary policies. In this chapter, we review how the (critical) political economy literature has scrutinized the evolving role of central banks this last decade, and we debunk central banks' depoliticization strategies. First, we examine how financial power shapes central banks' unconventional policies to the benefit of private finance. Second, we analyze how these "high-finance" struggles affects "low-finance," that is, what are the distributive effects of post-crisis monetary policy on firms and households? Finally, we review current debates on alternative monetary tools, which could potentially fare better than current monetary arrangements in distributive, ecological, and democratic terms.

During the past decades, central banks acquired considerable independence from democratic institutions under the Central Bank Independence (CBI) template. Yet, the changing role of central banks since the 2007–2008 crisis has led to a (re)politicization of central banking and has weakened the scientific and political consensus on the CBI model. In turn, central bankers have tried to neutralize repoliticization and these efforts have shaped their unconventional monetary policies. In this chapter, we review how the (critical) political economy literature has scrutinized the evolving role of central banks this last decade, and we debunk central banks' depoliticization strategies. First, we examine how financial power shapes central banks' unconventional policies to the benefit of private finance. Second, we analyze how these "high-finance" struggles affects "low-finance," that is, what are the distributive effects of post-crisis monetary policy on firms and households? Finally, we review current debates on alternative monetary tools, which could potentially fare better than current monetary arrangements in distributive, ecological, and democratic terms.

Coordenadas : O2 05'-E19 08'/N53 40'-N45 10'. Meridiano de París ; Relieve : sombreado ; Leyenda de signos utilizados ; Contiene : Partie meridionale - - Partie septentrionale

The paper explores the recent presidential electoral processesbeing held in Central American countries since 2004. Theelectoral processes suggest a shift toward center and left winggovernments. Also some scenarios and perspectives are mentionedin the democratic consolidation of the isthmus countries.

Coordenadas : O2 05'-E19 08'/N53 40'-N45 10'. Meridiano de París ; Relieve : sombreado ; Leyenda de signos utilizados ; Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2010 ; Contiene : Partie meridionale - - Partie septentrionale

AbstractLeon Wansleben's new book, The Rise of Central Banks, explains how central banks have emerged as powerful monetary governors over the past half-century. Yet the book's recognition that central banks cannot extricate themselves from quantitative easing and market bailouts begs the question: what does it mean for central banks to be dominant but captive? In this commentary, I identify the book's ambiguities with the concept of infrastructural power the book draws from Michael Mann. Unless the dynamics of state-market interdependence are well specified, giving due attention to the sources of both public and private power, it is unclear what kind of agency central bankers are exercising if they lack sufficient autonomy to act in the public interest.

Address before the Royal institute of international affairs, London, May 15, 1947.

A case study of environmental challenges facing the Central Asia countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, & Tajikistan, points out that a significant portion of the 10.5 million people living in the Ferghana Valley may face forced migration because of environmental degradation, climate change, frequent earthquakes, floods, & landslides. Emphasis is placed on the need for scientific research that identifies, measures, & characterizes environmentally induced migration. Recommendations are made for ways to develop resettlement programs, reduce human vulnerability, forecast future flows, ensure adequate humanitarian responses, & strengthen long-term policies. Adapted from the source document.