Suchergebnisse

Arrest-Related Deaths, Emerging Questions, and Competing Expectations in Investigations /Darrell L. Ross, Michael Brave, and Mark Kroll --Vital Statistics and Arrest-Related Deaths /Darrell L. Ross and Michael Brave --Legal and Liability Issues Surrounding the Use of Force /Darrell L. Ross --Stress, Perceptional Distortions, and Human Performance /Darrell L. Ross and Randall L. Murphy --Memory and Decision Making Under Stress /Alexis Artwohl --Officer-Involved Incident Investigation Guidelines /Darrell L. Ross and Mark S. Dunston --Positional and Restraint Asphyxia /Davut Savaser and Theodore C. Chan --Neck Holds /Michael Holman and Gary M. Vilke --Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS) /Christopher J. Coyne, Binh T. Ly, and Gary M. Vilke --Amphetamines, Cathinones (Bath Salts), and Cocaine /Stephen L. Thornton, Michael A. Darracq, and Binh T. Ly --Central Nervous System Depressants /Michael A. Darracq, Stephen L. Thornton, and Binh T. Ly --Less Lethal Weapons, Not Including TASER /Christian Sloane and Gary M. Vilke --TASER--Conducted Electrical Weapons /Mark W. Kroll and Michael A. Brave --Custodial Deaths in Detention /Darrell L. Ross --Conducting the Investigative Interview /R. Edward Geiselman, James F. Wilson, and Alexis Artwohl --Effective Agency Response to the Media in Use of Force Incidents /Todd A. Lough.

Vol. 3 has imprint: Wien : Bey Christian Friedrich Wappler und Beck. ; Statement of responsibility comes before title on title-page. ; (from title-pages) I. Theil. Häusliche Alterthümer -- II. Theil. Politische Alterthümer -- III. Theil. Heilige Alterthümer. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Sloan candidate

Prior to 1492, Jews had flourished on the Iberian Peninsula for hundreds of years. Marked by alternating cooperative coexistence and selective persecution alongside Christians and Muslims, this remarkable period was a golden age for Iberian Jews, with significant and culturally diverse advances in sciences, arts and government. This work traces the history of the Sephardic Jews from their golden age to their post-Columbian diaspora. It highlights achievements in science, medicine, philosophy, arts, economy and government, alongside a few less noble accomplishments, in both the land they left b

ObjectiveThe present study expands the use of ambiguous loss theory into the realm of religion and religious rejection for sexual‐ and gender‐minority people, an area that has previously been addressed primarily as an issue of minority stress.BackgroundResearch has demonstrated that religion‐based, nonaffirming messaging from family and faith communities is correlated with decreased health and well‐being of sexual‐ and gender‐minority persons, who are, like most Americans, likely to have been raised in religious (predominately Christian) homes. Existing research has begun to explain why nonaffirming faith affiliation seems to negatively impact sexual gender minority people, but it does not explain the mechanisms of long‐term distress.MethodsThis study is a qualitative thematic analysis of religion and family data from semistructured interviews with 63 transgender youth from the United States, Canada, and Ireland who reported being raised in religious Christian homes.ResultsAnalysis revealed that the narratives of participants who had been members of a psychological family of faith included all of the core elements of ambiguous loss, suggesting that individuals can experience ambiguous loss in relationship to a faith community and to God.DiscussionThis study presents a new application of Boss's ambiguous loss theory and offers a framework for understanding why sexual‐ and gender‐minority people from Christian backgrounds might experience long‐term distress in relation to faith and spirituality whether they stay in their faith communities of origin or move on to something else.ImplicationsThe experiences of transgender people examined through the framework of ambiguous loss and the concept of the psychological family of faith could be applied to research with people from any demographic in relation to loss of faith or faith community. This information may contribute to the study of family ruptures that occur as a result of family experiences of ideological or moral incompatibility (e.g., deconversion, political realignment, leaving a cult).

Journals are increasingly instituting data sharing policies to encourage replication and verification of research results. Workflows that support citing and archiving data alongside the publication of peer-reviewed articles can assist researchers in receiving scholarly acknowledgement for data products and ensure data are properly preserved. In this poster, we will summarize a project sponsored by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) to implement a prototype data citation workflow within the State Politics and Policy Quarterly (SPPQ) journal publication workflow. The project developed a human-driven workflow to archive, share, and link underlying replication data to their associated scholarly publications. Through the development of the workflow, the project team examined some of the challenges and opportunities of integrating data archiving and sharing into existing publishing systems. This poster will present the prototype workflow and key lessons learned such as the importance of relationships and the challenge of working with multiple system.

Effective collaboration within and between organizations requires efficient adaptation to unforeseen change. We study how parties build relational contracts that achieve this goal. We focus on the "clarity problem"—whether parties have a shared understanding of the promises they make to each other. Specifically, (a) a buyer and seller play a trading game in several periods; (b) they know their environment will change but do not know how; and (c) before any trading occurs, they can reach a nonbinding agreement about how to play the entire game. We hypothesize that pairs whose initial agreement defines a broad principle rather than a narrow rule are more successful in solving the clarity problem and in achieving efficient adaptation after unforeseen change. In our baseline condition, we indeed observe that pairs who articulate principles achieve significantly higher performance after change occurred. Underlying this correlation, we also find that pairs with principle-based agreements were more likely to both expect and take actions that were consistent with what their agreement prescribed. To investigate a causal link between principle-based agreements and performance, we implement a "nudge" intervention that induces more pairs to articulate principles. The intervention succeeds in coordinating more pairs on efficient quality immediately after the unforeseen change, but it fails to coordinate expectations on price, ultimately leading to conflicts and preventing an increase in long-run performance after the shock. Our results suggest that (1) principle-based agreements may improve organizational performance but (2) high-performing relational contracts may be difficult to build. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School's Program on Innovation in Markets and Organizations. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1503 .

Introduction / Mary Nyangweso and Jacob K. Olupona -- Their rights, our rights: a critical response to homosexuality and violence in Nigeria / Danoye Oguntola-Laguda -- Intimate partner violence among immigrant Latina women / Sloane Burke Winkelman and Jody O. Early -- Gendered oppression within African-initiated Christian churches in Europe: the case of Amsterdam / Justice Richard Kwabena Owusu Kyei -- The paradox of cultures: violence against women and the German immigration debate before and after New Year's Eve 2015 in Cologne / Petra Klub -- Cultures in contrast: LGBTQ movements and post-Soviet religious resurgence in the Republic of Georgia / Susan C. Pearce -- Religion, gender-based violence, and the rights of the girl child in Kenya / Mary Nyangweso and Mansi Trivedi -- Religion, culture, and family violence among the Yoruba of Nigeria / Enoch Olujide Gbadegesin and Elizabeth Ayoola Adeyemi-Adejolu -- Gender-based violence: the case of the Babukusu of Bungoma Kenya / Sychellus Wabomba Njibwakale -- Religion and reproductive health in Africa: an exploration of Christian ethics with a focus on abortion / Precious Nihorowa -- Polished violence: changing notions about the spirituality of the vagina in popular Nzema indigenous religious philosophy / Genevieve Nrenzah -- A critical engagement of botho/ubuntu and Mt 25:35 in the debate on the provision of antiretroviral drugs to cross-border migrants in Botswana / Rosinah Mmannana Gabaitse and Simangaliso Raymond Kumalo -- The question of healing and forgetting: disturbing realities in short stories of Ritu Menon and Uravashi Butalia / Sonu Shiva -- Immigration and gender-based violence in the West / Mary Nyangweso and Jacob K. Olupona -- From Africa to America: religio-cultural influence on Nigerian immigrants in a foreign land / Enoch Olujide Gbadegesin and Tolu Adegbola Adefi -- Clerics and community-based organizations as agents of social change / Mary Nyangweso -- Conclusion / Mary Nyangweso and Jacob K. Olupona

Preliminary Material /Chiara Giorgetti -- Introduction /Chiara Giorgetti -- Courts and Tribunals of General Jurisdiction The International Court of Justice /Sean D. Murphy -- Permanent Court of Arbitration /Brooks W. Daly -- Courts and Tribunals of Specialized Jurisdiction International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes /Carolyn Lamm , Chiara Giorgetti and Mairée Uran-Bidegain -- The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea /Laurence Boisson de Chazournes -- The World Trade Organization /Gregory J. Spak and Gisele Kapterian -- Administrative Tribunals of International Organizations /Olufemi Elias and Melissa Thomas -- Specialized Courts: International Criminal Courts and Tribunals The International Criminal Court /David P. Stewart -- The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia /Santiago Villalpando -- The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda /Robert D. Sloane -- Hybrid and Internationalized Tribunals /Caitlin Reiger -- Specialized Courts: Human Rights The European Court of Human Rights /Christiane Bourloyannis-Vrailas -- The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights /Christina M. Cerna -- The African Human Rights System /Bart M.J. Szewczyk -- Specialized Courts: Regional Economic and Political Integration Agreements European Union Courts /Sonja Boelaert -- Courts of Other Economic Communities: NAFTA /Andrea J. Menaker and Brody K. Greenwald -- Courts and Tribunals Established by Regional Economic Integration Agreements /Jennifer Thornton -- International Ad-Hoc Tribunals and Claims Commissions The United Nations Compensation Commission /Timothy J. Feighery -- Iran-United States Claims Tribunal /Jeremy K. Sharpe -- The Claims Resolution Tribunal /Roger P. Alford -- Index /Chiara Giorgetti.

We report the first APOGEE metallicities and alpha-element abundances measured for 3600 red giant stars spanning a large radial range of both the Large (LMC) and Small Magellanic Clouds, the largest Milky Way (MW) dwarf galaxies. Our sample is an order of magnitude larger than that of previous studies and extends to much larger radial distances. These are the first results presented that make use of the newly installed southern APOGEE instrument on the du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Our unbiased sample of the LMC spans a large range in metallicity, from [Fe/H] = -0.2 to very metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] -2.5, the most metal-poor Magellanic Cloud (MC) stars detected to date. The LMC [alpha/Fe]-[Fe/H] distribution is very flat over a large metallicity range but rises by similar to 0.1 dex at -1.0 < [Fe/H] less than or similar to -0.5. We interpret this as a sign of the known recent increase in MC star formation activity and are able to reproduce the pattern with a chemical evolution model that includes a recent "starburst." At the metal-poor end, we capture the increase of [alpha/Fe] with decreasing [Fe/H] and constrain the "alpha-knee" to [Fe/H] less than or similar to -2.2 in both MCs, implying a low star formation efficiency of similar to 0.01 Gyr(-1). The MC knees are more metal-poor than those of less massive MW dwarf galaxies such as Fornax, Sculptor, or Sagittarius. One possible interpretation is that the MCs formed in a lower-density environment than the MW, a hypothesis that is consistent with the paradigm that the MCs fell into the MW's gravitational potential only recently. ; State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) European Union (EU) AYA2017-88254-P National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1801940 Crafoord Foundation Swedish Research Council Ruth och Nils-Erik Stenbacks stiftelse Physics Frontier Center/JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE) - US National Science Foundation PHY 14-30152 Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 3180210 1170364 Becas Iberoamerica Investigador 2019, Banco Santander Chile Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) CONICYT PIA/BASAL AFB-170002 Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México IN109919 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation United States Department of Energy (DOE) Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah

Preliminary Material /Mahnoush H. Arsanjani , Jacob Katz Cogan , Robert D. Sloane and Siegfried Wiessner -- W. Michael Reisman, The Person An Appreciation /Rosalyn Higgins -- Michael Reisman, Dean of the New Haven School of International Law /Harold Hongju Koh -- L'honneur des juristes /Prosper Weil -- Michael Reisman, Human Dignity, and the Law /Siegfried Wiessner -- Theory About Making and Applying Law Law as a Process of Communication: Reisman Meets Habermas /Adeno Addis -- The Uses and Abuses of Illusion in International Politics /Mahnoush H. Arsanjani -- Prelude to Decision: Michael Reisman, the Intelligence Function, and a Scholar's Study of Intelligence in Law, Process, and Values /James E. Baker -- Prologue to a Theory of Non-Treaty Norms /Daniel Bodansky -- How Nongovernmental Actors Vitalize International Law /Steve Charnovitz -- Between Façades and Operational Codes: Michael Reisman's Jurisprudence of Suspicion /Menachem Mautner -- Scholarship as Law /Jan Paulsson -- Between Minimum and Optimum World Public Order: An Ethical Path for the Future /Steven R. Ratner -- The Users of International Law /Emmanuel Roucounas -- Rethinking Choice of Law: What Role for the Needs of the Interstate and International Systems? /Gary J. Simson -- More Than What Courts Do: Jurisprudence, Decision, and Dignity—In Brief Encounters and Global Affairs /Robert D. Sloane -- Reconfiguration of Authority and Control of the International Financial Architecture /Eisuke Suzuki -- Remarks on Sovereignty in the Evolving Constitutional Features of the International Community /Attila Tanzi -- International Law as a Coherent System: Unity or Fragmentation? /Christian Tomuschat -- Entrenchment—Human and Divine: A Reflection on Deuteronomy 13:1-6 /J.H.H. Weiler -- Obligation of Result Versus Obligation of Conduct: Some Thoughts About the Implementation of International Obligations /Rüdiger Wolfrum -- Making and Applying Human Rights Law Secession or Independence—Self-Determination and Human Rights: A Japanese View of Three Basic Issues of International Law Concerning "Taiwan" /Nisuke Ando -- Reflections on the Torture Policy of the Bush Administration (2001–2008) /M. Cherif Bassiouni -- Waivers in International and European Human Rights Law /Lucius Caflisch -- Reflections on the Current Prospects for International Criminal Justice /Antonio Cassese -- Human Rights and World Public Order: Major Trends of Development, 1980–2010 and Beyond /Lung-chu Chen -- U.N. Human Rights Council Fact-Finding Missions: Lessons from Gaza /Christine Chinkin -- Choice of Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law /Aaron Xavier Fellmeth -- Choice of Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law /Jochen Abr. Frowein -- Toward Minimum Standards for Regional Human Rights Systems /Heyns Christof and Magnus Killander -- Sabbatino, Sosa, and "Supernorms" /Kenneth C. Randall and Chimène I. Keitner -- Some Remarks about the Realistic Idealism of the European Court of Human Rights /Luzius Wildhaber -- Making and Applying Investment and Trade Law Investments, Fair and Equitable Treatment, and the Principle of "Respect for the Integrity of the Law of the Host State": Toward a Jurisprudence of "Modesty" in Investment Treaty Arbitration /Guillermo Aguilar Alvarez and Santiago Montt.

Preliminary material /Hague Yearbook of International Law -- Hague Conference on Private International Law – Work in 2013 /Micah R. Thorner and Rosa Huizinga -- The Growing Rift between Africa and the International Criminal Court: The Curious (Im)possibility of a Security Council deferral /Abel S. Knottnerus -- Sexual Violence against Men in Armed Conflicts: Insights from International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia and the War Crimes Chamber of the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina /Ioannis P. Tzivaras -- Towards an Internet Framework Convention: The State of Play /Joanna Kulesza -- Sosa, Kiobel and Pirates Incorporated: Defining the 'Modern' Parameters of the Archaic Alien Tort Statute /Jonathan L.H. Blaine -- Responsibility for Crimes Committed by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenian Population: Are the Rules of State Succession to International Responsibility of Any Use? /Patrick Dumberry -- Unilateral Legal Acts Revisited: Common Law volume Civil Law Approaches and Lessons from the International Law Commission's (Failed) attempt to Codify Unilateral Acts of States /Eva Kassoti -- Interpreting Reasons: The Interpretation of the 1962 Temple of Preah Vihear Judgment /Daniel Peat -- The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice /James Sloan and Christian J. Tams -- The Applicability of International Law Standards to the Sanctions of the Security Council /Adil Sahban -- Beyond Traditional Statehood Criteria: The Law and Contemporary Politics of State Creation /Ryal Wun -- Article 27 of the ICCPR Revisited – The Right to Culture as a Normative Source for Minority /Indigenous Participatory Claims in the Case Law of the Human Rights Committee /Athanasios Yupsanis -- Financial Market Dispute Settlement: Making Sense out of Current Nonsense /Jeffrey Golden -- The Margin of Appreciation in Investor-State Arbitration: The Prevalence and Desirability of Discretion and Deference /Jeanrique Fahner -- More in 2013 than Ever Before: Inter-State and Investor-State Arbitrations at the Permanent Court of Arbitration /Yanying Li and Camille M. Ng -- About the Editorial Board /Hague Yearbook of International Law -- About the AAA /Hague Yearbook of International Law -- Note from the Secretary-General of the AAA Note du Secrétaire général de l'AAA /Hague Yearbook of International Law.

Book reviewed in this article: European Union: The European Community in Search of a Future, edited by Juliet Lodge, Foreword by Altiero Spinelli The European Union Treaty, by Francesco Capotorti, Meinhard Hilf, Francis G. Jacobs, Jean‐Paul Jacqué Western European Party Systems: Continuity and Change, edited by Hans Daalder and Peter Mair The Public Image of the European Parliament, edited by Ann Robinson with Caroline Bray Aspects of European Integration: A View of the European Community and the Nordic Countries, by Preben Almdal Regionale Wirtschaftsgemeinschaften im internationalen System: Eine Analyse ausgewählter Wirtschaftsgemeinschaften und ihre Interaktionen, insbesondere zwischen der EG und der ASEAN, by Andreas Lukas Regional Integrations in the New World Economic Environment, by András Inotai Handbooks to the Modern World: Western Europe, edited by Richard Mayne Industrialisation and Social Inequality in 19th‐century Europe, by Hartmut Kaelble Inflation and Social Conflict: a sociology of economic life in advanced societies, by Michael Gilbert European Industrial Policy, edited by Graham Hall, Croom Helm Parallel Convergence: National Strategies in Information Technology, by Erik Arnold and Ken Guy The European Scientific Community, by Ros Herman The Politics of Fishing in Britain and France, by Michael Shackleton Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy, by S. Karlsson European Interests and Gulf Oil, V. Yorke and L. Turner Defending Europe in the 1990s: The New Divide of High Technology, by J. C. Rallo European Security in the Nuclear Age, by J. H. Wyllie NATO"s Future: Towards a New Transatlantic Bargain, by Stanley R. Sloan A History of Switzerland. The First 100,000 Years: Before the Beginnings to the Days of the Present, by J Murray Luck Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945, by Donald Sassoon Italian Politics: a review, vol. 1, edited by Robert Leonardi and Raffaella Y. Nanetti Moscow and the Italian Communist Party: from Toglialti to Berlinguer, by Joan Barth Urban, I. B. Tauris The Greek Economy in the Twentieth Century, by A. F. Freris The Spanish Economy: An Introduction, by Ramón Tamames, C. Hurst & Co. The Danish Economy in the Twentieth Century, by Hans Christian Johansen