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This article uses curricular information from a sample of applicants to the Spanish Ramón y Cajal programme to, on the one hand, assess the extent to which international mobility has an impact on the collaboration patterns of researchers and, on the other hand, to address the connection between collaboration patterns and the likelihood of return to Spain. We focus on two main types of collaborations: co-publications and collaboration in research projects through formal participation. We find that longer stays abroad seem to provide better opportunities to publish with a host principal investigator and to participate in research projects in the recipient country. We find that the length of the stay also has an impact on the likelihood of return to Spain: longer stays abroad reduce the likelihood of return. However, a longer duration international stay does not affect the collaboration links maintained with the home country, which may persist over time. We also find that public financial support is crucial for explaining and facilitating the return of Spanish researchers from abroad.

Health impact assessment (HIA) is relatively new and a rapidly evolving field in many health and social environments globally. HIA emerged in several different forms as it has been applied to a wide range of issues in diverse social, health and policy plans, projects or programs in different settings for example in fields like urban planning and local government projects. It also informs decision-making which deal with conflicts within an ever changing political climate taking into account the stakeholders views.

The article looks at thematic exhibitions that explore certain cultural and historical processes and examines the specifics of the exhibition as a collaborative process between three actors: academic researchers, curators and designers. Such exhibitions, grounded in cultural aspects and built on academic research outcomes, differ from classic art displays in the sense that they lack artworks that "speak for themselves". Moreover, the research often is based on the written word and original documents or artefacts that are visually uninteresting/non-appealing or monotonous. On this account, the exhibition's story and visual form is put in the hands of the curator and designer. Does this vital role give designers and curators the authority to rework the research that underlies the narrative? Is the design applied as the exhibit itself ? To answer these questions and to explore artistic research in the context of exhibitions, this article discusses the exhibitions carried out at the National Library of Latvia. The article looks behind the exhibition production process to examine the collaboration methods employed by the creative teams consisting of researchers, curators and designers.

Bridging the gap between researchers and entrepreneurs
Dr Venizelos Efthymiou from the FOSS Research Centre at the University of Cyprus discusses the vision of partnership for researchers and entrepreneurs in the EIRIE platform. Europe is taking significant steps towards achieving emissions neutrality by 2050 to combat climate change. The goal is to stay within the scientifically-proven limit of a 1.5°C rise in temperature compared to pre-industrial levels. This objective is at the heart of the European Green Deal (1) and in line with the EU's commitment to global climate action under the Paris Agreement – which cannot be achieved without the work of researchers and entrepreneurs. (2) In parallel, an important objective that comes through the future-looking Green Deal is the smart objective of "Leave no one behind – Just transition". According to the "Smart Grids Project Outlook of 2017" (3) report by JRC, it is unfortunate that the EU15 countries spend more than 95% of their annual budget on research and innovation in smart grids, storage, and systems, while the EU13 countries are left behind in this area. This is further confirmed by the work done through the Horizon 2020 project SUPEERA (4) which falls within the work of the EERA AISBL (5) association representing 250 European research organisations. The findings of this project confirm the disheartening figures presented in the table.

Doing research in the field of sex work studies throws up challenges. Among these are the restrictions and regulatory issues placed on researchers by institutional ethical review processes. We draw on academic research and our personal experiences as two researchers who have been involved with many sex work research projects to illustrate how sex work researchers face a set of challenges relating to ethics – we define these as institutional ethics challenges rather than ethical challenges. They are the challenges associated with applying for and obtaining ethical approval from research institutions and funders to conduct research on stigmatised and potentially criminalised topics. This article has three aims. First, to discuss the institutional ethics challenges that sex work researchers may encounter when applying for ethical clearance. Second, to assist researchers in making a case for their research by communicating the value of doing research on sex work in contexts where it remains criminalised and by placing the assumed risks associated with sex work research into perspective. Finally, to offer a pathway forward regarding how, guided by co-produced research protocols, researchers and sex work Communities can find common ground for good practice to enhance collaboration and foster genuinely ethical research.

Cultural concepts that have posed problems for scholarly & sociopolitical debates about working mothers across the EU are identified, highlighting discourses of individualization, motherhood, & changing patterns of marriage/family life. The socially constructed nature of the "good mother" is exposed & its historical impact on policies related to working mothers is described. Various theories of women's individualization & its relationship to predictions about the declining significance of marriage & dissolution of the family are reviewed, along with relevant research findings. The evolution of family policy toward greater gender equality across various EU welfare regimes is traced, demonstrating how cultural notions of gender impact individual women's work decisions. These arguments are illuminated with data from a case study comparing the family-work attitudes of mothers in East & West Germany. K. Hyatt Stewart

This commentary reviews three articles linked together by two themes (a) the use of cultural adaptation of evidence-based practices to reduce disparities in health and services delivery and (b) the importance of collaboration involving intervention developers, practitioners, and consumers when delivering services. Both themes illustrate a process of cultural exchange, enabling researchers to develop interventions that are more meaningful and acceptable to consumers; providers to develop a stronger therapeutic alliance with consumers; and consumers to develop greater understanding and acceptance of treatment process. Such exchanges lead to improved consumer outcomes and greater satisfaction with services. By serving as a culture broker or change agents, social workers can play a leadership role in the translation of research to practice.

This paper introduces the next section of this special issue, which examines the politics of cross-cultural collaboration to resist racism and war. In an era defined by a 'War on Terror' which has transformed both foreign policy and domestic community relations, social movements need to find more effective ways of bringing activists together to respond to the Islamophobia and aggressive forms of nationalism that have emerged in countries like Australia. However, as the paper shows, collaboration across cultures is a fraught and potentially dangerous process. In outlining some of the challenges of cross-cultural collaboration, the paper aims to contribute to more informed and critical practices within social movements mobilising against the 'War on Terror', whether internationally or at home.

This paper introduces the next section of this special issue, which examines the politics of cross-cultural collaboration to resist racism and war. In an era defined by a 'War on Terror' which has transformed both foreign policy and domestic community relations, social movements need to find more effective ways of bringing activists together to respond to the Islamophobia and aggressive forms of nationalism that have emerged in countries like Australia. However, as the paper shows, collaboration across cultures is a fraught and potentially dangerous process. In outlining some of the challenges of cross-cultural collaboration, the paper aims to contribute to more informed and critical practices within social movements mobilising against the 'War on Terror', whether internationally or at home.