Suchergebnisse

Report on a meeting of the Communist and Workers' Parties of Latin America and the Caribbean, held in Mexico City, Nov. 1990.

The complex and frustrating problems which any Indian government must face makes the existence of a strong opposition almost inevitable. The fact that the Congress Party has been able to maintain such a strong position is as much due to the divisions and weakness of the opposition as to its own skill. The success of the Congress has been due in a large degree to its ability to take advantage of the caste and linguistic groups which play a key role in Indian politics.Similarly, the communists have been effective only when they have recognized these non-ideological factors in the Indian political equation and have used caste or regional loyalties to their advantage. In Kerala, where the communists were able to form a government, the party's strength rests mainly on the support of two influential castes, the Nayars and the Ezhavas. Similarly, communist strength in Andhra is based on the support of the Kamma caste, which is one of the two main political forces in the state. Where the CPI has been unable to gain the support of a major caste or linguistic group, it does not constitute a major political force. In Maharashtra, for example, much of the communist leadership is Brahmin, and since there is a strong anti-Brahmin feeling in the state, CPI strength has been limited.

Tabellarischer Überblick über 95 kommunistische und "Arbeiterparteien", gegliedert nach den Regionen Afrika, Amerika, Asien und Pazifik, Osteuropa, Mittlerer Osten und Westeuropa. Die Tabelle enthält nach Ländern sortiert Angaben über die Bevölkerungszahl, Zahl der Parteimitglieder, Name des Parteivorsitzenden, Datum des letzten Parteitages, den Status (legal, illegal, regierend), Wahlergebnis und Zahl der Sitze im Parlament. Ergänzt wird die Tabelle durch Kurz-Hinweise über innerparteiliche Entwicklungen und Außenbeziehungen der Parteien. (IGW-Bey)

Der Autor stellt die Struktur der kommunistischen Parteien weltweit vor und beschreibt die Veränderungen ihrer Situation im Verlauf des Jahres 1988. Dabei zeichnet sich als eine Konstante ab, daß die kommunistischen Regimes weltweit mit erheblichen ökonomischen Problemen zu kämpfen haben. Auch die nichtregierenden Parteien haben nur in seltenen Fällen Erfolge und Mitgliederzuwachs verzeichnen können. (BIOst-Rsg)

IN AN EXAMINATION OF WESTERN COMMUNIST PARTIES' ADOPTION OF 'PLURALISM', THE AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT THEY HAVE FOUND A THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION FOR ABANDONING THE CONCEPTS OF A LEADING MODEL AND ONE AUTHENTIC PARTY. THE NEW DOCTRINE, EMBRACING PLURALISM, ADVOCATES THAT THEY TRANSFORM SOCIETY TO AN ADVANCED STATE, AND THEN ATTEMPT TO GAIN POWER BY CONSENSUAL MEANS.

The concept of pluralism has been a familiar one in political science since the first decade of this century, and has appeared in different theoretical frameworks. Pluralism is regarded as inherent in Western democracies, but it has also been interpreted as a transitional form leading to socialism. The Western communist parties, in adopting the concept of pluralism, have found a theoretical justification for abandoning the concepts of a leading model and one authentic party. The new doctrine that embraces pluralism advocates that the communist parties transform their societies to a more advanced, partly socialistic state, and then attempt to gain power by consensual means. The main issues of debate on the transformation are the abolition of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the guarantee of human rights, and the pluralist power structure.