Suchergebnisse

States as international persons — In general — Recognition of acts of foreign States and governments — Act of State doctrine — Action for violation of market sharing agreement — Alleged attempt to monopolise — Sale of military aircraft to foreign governments — The law of the United States

Abstract
Historically, a corporation was regarded as an artificial creation of law
possessing only what rights and powers its constituting charter confers upon it.
This "concession" or "grant" theory has been
eclipsed, especially in the United States, by the view that the corporation is a
mere association of natural persons, and that its rights are those of its
"members" and "owners," the shareholders, who, as
persons and citizens, bring even constitutional rights to the corporation. This
associational view rests on a triple confusion. First, it confuses the
corporation (the rights-bearing corporate entity) with the corporate firm, which
is associational, leaving the impression that the corporation can be reduced to
natural persons. This underwrites the second confusion, that the business
corporation is a member corporation, with the shareholders as members, when in
fact it is a property corporation without members. The histories of the Dutch
and English East India Companies are drawn on to explain the origins of this
second confusion. Third, it confuses the member corporation with a partnership,
when it imagines that the rights of the corporation are simply those of its
individual shareholders. Instead, as maintained by the grant theory, a
corporation should only receive such rights as are conferred on it by charter or
statute on the basis of policy considerations.

Intro -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Series Foreword -- Preface -- Chronology -- 1. Development of the Corporation -- 2. Transformation of the Corporation -- 3. The Postmodern Corporation -- 4. Benefits of the Corporation -- 5. Establishment of a Corporation -- 6. Operating a Corporation -- 7. Corporations in Other Countries -- 8. Multinational Corporations -- 9. Corporate Governance -- 10. The Future of the Corporation -- Glossary -- Selected Bibliography -- Index.

Leaflet containing a bill for "Private Corporations," taken from the Alden Partridge Records, probably relating to Vermont legislature in 1839.

What do U.S. share owners really want? What should be the roles of the different stakeholders such as employee owners and institutional investors? In what ways will ownership structures change? What tools will be available for motivating employees, managers, share owners, etc.? What will be the structure of tomorrow's corporation?

Financial aid by business corporations to the colleges and universities is sound business policy. It is an opportunity for them, as well as a responsibility. It is not a charity but an investment in their own future. Its basic legality has been settled by the courts. It should be handled separately from their ordinary con tributions and donations. It should be based on policy determined at their high est levels of authority; and should be regarded as a continuing function of their business management. Business concerns should accept a reasonable share of financial aid to higher education but not exclusive support. They should pick the institutions with care and then keep "hands off" their internal affairs.