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Nepal is highly vulnerable to many disasters and substantially increasing every year. It has been creating an adverse impact on human lives, livelihoods, and infrastructures. The primary objective of this study is to state the human causalities and economic loss from disasters in Nepal and suggest institutional and system reforms for effective disaster risk management in the country. This is an analytical study based on secondary data. Data published from various government and non-government organizations are used to analyse the situation. Although the findings of the study reveal that the Government of Nepal has been continuously carrying out many efforts for fighting against various levels of disasters in the country, it concludes that additional efforts are needed from the federal to the local level at all phases of disaster management including preparedness, response, and recovery. It is also important to integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation policies, plans and programmes into national development.

Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Overview and Historical Review -- 1.1 Introduction and Overview -- 1.2 Historical Review -- 1.2.1 Understanding Disaster as God´s Act -- 1.2.1.1 Global Perspective (Ancient Period to Middle Age) -- 1.2.1.2 Korean Development (Three Kingdoms, Unified Silla, and Goryeo) -- Records of Disaster -- Disaster Response Ways -- 1.2.2 Understanding Risk: Hazard and Vulnerability -- 1.2.2.1 Global Evolution (From 17C to the Beginning of 20C) -- 1.2.2.2 Korean Evolution (Joseon, Japanese Colonial Era, and US Military Period) -- Records of Disaster -- Disaster Response Ways -- 1.2.3 Evolutionary Understanding of Disaster -- References -- Chapter 2: Disaster Theory -- 2.1 Conceptual Foundation of Disaster -- 2.1.1 Concept of Disaster -- 2.1.2 Categorization of Disaster -- 2.1.2.1 Categorization by Disaster Cause -- 2.1.2.2 Innovative Disaster Classification Prism for Effective Disaster Response -- 2.1.2.3 Categorization by Other Principle -- 2.2 Disaster Theories and Progress of Disaster Management in Modern Times -- 2.2.1 Disaster Theories in Modern Times -- 2.2.1.1 Heinrich´s Law: Remembrance of the Sampoong Department Store Collapse in 1995 in Korea -- 2.2.1.2 Normal Accident: How Disaster Occurs in a Complex System -- 2.2.1.3 Risk Society: Increased Risk in Line with Civilization -- 2.2.1.4 Complexity Theory: Interconnectivity and Complexity of Disaster -- 2.2.2 Progress of DRM Since the Twentieth Century -- 2.2.2.1 Petak´s Four-Phase Model on Disaster Management -- 2.2.2.2 Performance-Centered DRM by New Public Administration Theory -- 2.2.2.3 Public Governance: Cooperation-Based DRM -- 2.2.2.4 The Increased Necessity of Comprehensive DRM -- 2.2.2.5 Global Agenda on DRM: Shift from Technical Approach to Holistic Approach -- 2.2.2.6 Civil Protection and Comprehensive Security

Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title The 1984 lethal gas leak at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, may be the most extensively studied industrial disaster in history. In a departure from earlier studies that have focused primarily on the causes of the catastrophe, Sheila Jasanoff and the contributors to this volume critically examine the consequences of the accident

This book is an outcome of research studies carried out by eminent scholars and practitioners in South Asian countries in the field of disaster risk management. The book discusses how different South Asian countries manage disasters and address challenges associated with them. The case studies presented in this book reflect reality versus myth. In the quest to improve the ground-level situation, it is pertinent to understand the interdisciplinary nature of approaches used to tackle the aftermath of disasters. This book provides a framework for making administration effective and improving mitigation and rehabilitation measures with a view to ensuring a safer life for citizens. The key features of this book include (i) the adoption of critical and multidisciplinary approaches in discussing disaster-related problems and emerging issues; and (ii) the provision of insights into the approaches to address the challenges and issues of disaster risk management. The different stakeholders, practitioners, policy makers, and researchers will acquire a fuller and richer understanding of the various issues related to disaster risk management.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on improving the monitoring and evaluation of DRM capacity development initiatives.


Design/methodology/approach
– The paper first explores the complexities and challenges presented in the literature, before using empirical data from a research project in six countries (Ethiopia, Pakistan, Myanmar, Philippines, Haiti and Mozambique) to discuss current approaches to M
&
E of DRM capacity strengthening interventions.


Findings
– This is generally an area of technical weakness in the initiatives studied, with poor understanding of terminology, little attention to outcomes or impact and few independent evaluations. The need for greater inclusion of participants in M
&
E processes is identified and one programme from the fieldwork in Mozambique is presented as a case study example.


Originality/value
– The paper ends by presenting a unique M
&
E framework developed for use by DRM programmes to track the outcomes of their interventions and ultimately raise standards in this area.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Implementation of Community Based Disaster Risk Management in Indonesia: Progress, Issues and Challenges -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. CBDRM Practices in Indonesia -- 2.1. CBDRM Framework in Indonesia -- 2.1.1. National Policy on Disaster Management -- 2.1.2. Actors in CBDRM in Indonesia -- 2.1.3. Development of CBDRM Framework -- 3. Some Examples of CBDRM on Water-Related Disaster -- 3.1. Community-Based Flood Mitigation in Bandung City and Jakarta -- 3.2. CBDRR Initiatives in Aceh and West Sumatera -- 3.3. Other CBDRM Schemes in Indonesia -- 4. From Practice to Policy -- 4.1. Learning from Past Experiences -- 4.2. Formulating Enabling Policy -- Conclusion -- References -- Lessons Learned from Community Based Early Warning System in the Philippines -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Strategies in the Establishment of CBFEWS -- 2.2. Activities in the Establishment of CBFEWS -- 2.2.1. Consultation with Lgus -- 2.2.2. Network Design -- 2.2.3. Acquisition and Fabrication of EWS Instruments -- A. Rain-Gauge -- B. Water Level Gauge -- C. Communication System -- 2.3. Ocular Survey of Proposed Sites -- 2.4. Installation and Hydrographic Survey -- 2.5. Training for Observers -- 2.6. Pilot Testing/Dry Run -- 2.7. Other Activities -- 2.7.1. Agreement among Stakeholders -- 2.7.2. Enactment of a Local Ordinance for Operation and Maintenance -- 3. Lessons Learned -- Operation and Maintenance -- Institutional Stability of CBFEWS -- Differences in Political Affiliation -- Sustainability -- Acceptability of the CBFEWS -- Institutionalization of Partnership among Stakeholders -- Role of Volunteers and School -- Conclusion -- References -- Building for Floods in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region - Local Knowledge and Community Innovation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. "Reading" the Landscape.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- Section I Introduction -- Chapter 1 Concepts and Methodologies of Environmental Hazards and Disasters -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS IN AGRICULTURE -- 1.3. BIOPHYSICAL HAZARDS IN AGRICULTURE -- 1.4. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Solutions in the Hilly State of Mizoram, Northeast India -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICES FOR LANDSLIDE PREVENTION -- 2.3. BAMBOO-BASED HOUSING IN EARTHQUAKE PRONE ZONE

PurposeThis study explores the relationships between governance quality and disaster risk in respect to the pillar values of public administration. The objective is to strengthen the focus and resolve of bureaucratic institutions to engage with disaster risk management (DRM) as a core function.Design/methodology/approachMultiple correlation analysis is conducted using data from global indices of disaster risk and governance quality. This is situated in the argument for the importance of public administration to conduct DRM under the auspices of core values for governance.FindingsThere are strong relationships between measures of disaster risk and various qualities of governance that adhere to the administrative theories of public welfare management, particularly through measures for mitigation and preparedness.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is conducted at the national level and may obscure regional effects of governance quality and disaster risk that occur in larger and environmentally diverse countries.Originality/valueThere are few studies that champion the value of public administration's qualities and values in the efforts of DRM. This research provides support for such a position by connecting governance quality to disaster risk and overlaying the influence of the core administrative values of efficiency, effectiveness, the economy and equity.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between factors of socio-cultural contexts and disaster risk. Recent efforts by international organizations and research scholarship have emphasized that applying contextual understandings of human behavior can improve the effectiveness of disaster risk management (DRM).Design/methodology/approach– The research employs multiple correlation analysis to find significant relationships between two sources of socio-cultural data and the World Risk Index scores.Findings– There are interesting relationships between various measures of socio-cultural context and disaster risk, such as correlations with levels of individualism, self-expression, and secular-rational values.Research limitations/implications– While using the broadest sample available with the data sources, generalizations about the relationships must be tempered as inherently anecdotal and needing greater depth of study. The national level of analysis is controversial.Practical implications– Emergency managers can extend the knowledge about socio-cultural influences on disaster risk to tailor policy for effective practices.Social implications– Societies may recognize their behaviors as being conducive or obstructive to DRM based on their socio-cultural characteristics; governments may operationalize the findings into policy responses for more nuanced mitigation efforts.Originality/value– This research adds to the momentum for considering non-technical approaches to DRM and expands the potential for social science derived variables in DRM.