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ABSTRACT: A very specific aspect of drug trafficking, but which circumscribes most of the serious forms of crime, is not to provide a doctrinal and legislative definition of an operational definition. A quantitative analysis followed by another qualitative one may at best reflect criminological aspects related to the visible side of this type of crime. This study aims to analyze aspects such as routes, links and connections of drug trafficking with terrorism in the context of globalization and taking into account the diverse typology of this type of crime. Routes provide clues about the drug route from the producer to the consumer as well as the changes generated by the intensification of UN controls. The networks reflect the diverse typology of this type of crime, which has direct implications in identifying the criminological factors that potentiate trafficking. Connections between drug trafficking and terrorism have been established in the Middle East and Colombia, these being significant criminogenic areas where it is possible to identify the direct involvement of terrorist groups in drug trafficking. Addressing one of the most profitable forms of crime, such as drug trafficking, is always a challenge. KEYWORDS: Criminology, drugs, drug trafficking, high crime, organized crime

The legacies of drug kingpins are both egregious and legendary. Through vast networks of mercenaries, corrupt officials, terrorists, and smugglers, organized drug cartels traffic billions of dollars in heroin, cocaine, MDMA, and methamphetamine across international borders. El Chapo, Pablo Escobar, Frank Lucas, Paul Le Roux, and other kingpins have left indelible marks on the communities they used for drug trafficking, and their far-reaching impact can take years to undo by even the most vigilant law enforcement efforts. This collection details the breadth of their crimes, and includes media literacy questions and terms that challenge readers to assess how journalistic principles are applied to news coverage of kingpins and narcotrafficking.

Highlights two generic patterns of state delinquency connected to drug trafficking: (1) corruption through the neutralization of the state's power, when the initiative is in the hands of drug traffickers; & (2) corruption through abuse of power when the initiative lies with civil servants. The studies presented suggest that the predominance of one or the other form of corruption is greatly dependent on the history of the state & the balance of power between public institutions & drug trafficking networks. The case of Mexico, where the various administrations remained for a long time under the de facto tutelage of a single party, may bear a greater similarity in this respect to the case of China than to that of Brazil, India, or Colombia. Beyond the differences, & regardless of the extent to which traffickers are independent of the power of the state, we raise the political question of clientelism. 1 Photograph. Adapted from the source document.

Although challenges posed by various kinds of violent armed groups initially appear highly diverse and unrelated to one another, in fact they all reflect the increasing connections between security and governance and, in particular, the relationship between poor governance and violent armed groups. In many cases, these groups are overtly challenging the state; in others they are cooperating and colluding with state structures while subtly undermining them; in yet others, the state is a passive bystander while violent armed groups are fighting one another. The mix is different, the combinations vary, and the perpetrators of violence have different motives, methods, and targets. In spite of their divergent forms, violent nonstate actors (VNSAs) share certain qualities and characteristics. These violent armed groups represent a common challenge to national and international security, a challenge that is far greater than the sum of the individual groups, and that is likely to grow rather than diminish over the next several decades. This monograph focuses on the complex relationship between human security, crime, illicit economies, and law enforcement. It also seeks to disentangle the linkages between insurgency on the one hand and drug trafficking and organized crime on the other, suggesting that criminal activities help sustain an insurgency, but also carry certain risks for the insurgency. ; "April 2012." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Fighting the nexus of organized crime and violent conflict while enhancing human security / Vanda Felbab-Brown -- Insurgencies and organized crime / Phil Williams. ; Although challenges posed by various kinds of violent armed groups initially appear highly diverse and unrelated to one another, in fact they all reflect the increasing connections between security and governance and, in particular, the relationship between poor governance and violent armed groups. In many cases, these groups are overtly challenging the state; in others they are cooperating and colluding with state structures while subtly undermining them; in yet others, the state is a passive bystander while violent armed groups are fighting one another. The mix is different, the combinations vary, and the perpetrators of violence have different motives, methods, and targets. In spite of their divergent forms, violent nonstate actors (VNSAs) share certain qualities and characteristics. These violent armed groups represent a common challenge to national and international security, a challenge that is far greater than the sum of the individual groups, and that is likely to grow rather than diminish over the next several decades. This monograph focuses on the complex relationship between human security, crime, illicit economies, and law enforcement. It also seeks to disentangle the linkages between insurgency on the one hand and drug trafficking and organized crime on the other, suggesting that criminal activities help sustain an insurgency, but also carry certain risks for the insurgency. ; Mode of access: Internet.

An exploration of the relationship between ethics and literary aesthetics based on an Argentine intergenre text built on modern narrative techniques and realist police journalism-Cristian Alarcon's Si me queres, quereme transa-unravels the networks of South American migration that sustain urban drug dealing and alter the profile of the city. Recent narratives of drug trafficking such as this one represent a contemporary international and globalized literary genre that dilutes concepts such as nation, literary aesthetics, and fiction. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]