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This article is about the economic growth in Russia in 2014. The article reflects the relevance of this topic to the present situation in the world. The theoretical foundations of economic growth, as well as optimistic, pessimistic and baseline scenarios for further economic development have been considered in the article. The policy of the Russian Federation Government depends on the baseline scenario which takes into account many factors affecting the Russian economy at the moment. The article highlights the fact that the World Bank considers these scenarios, describes the reasons for the decline in economic growth and provides the outlook of economic perspectives in the coming years. The article presents opinions of the head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, World Bank economists of largest Russian and foreign banks and other experts. ; Данная статья об экономическом росте в России в 2014 году. В статье отражена актуальность данной темы при современной ситуации в современном мире. Так же в статье содержатся теоретические основы экономического роста, представлены различные сценарии дальнейшего развития экономики: оптимистический, пессимистический и базовый. На базовом сценарии основывается Правительство РФ на данный момент, так как он является наиболее вероятным и учитывает многие факторы, влияющие на экономику России на данный момент. Кроме этого рассмотрено мнение Всемирного Банка об этих сценариях, описаны причины снижения темпов экономического роста и прогноз экономического роста в последующие годы. Также отражено мнение главы Центрального банка РФ, Всемирного Банка, экономистов крупнейших зарубежных и российских банков и других экспертов.

Economic growth -- The growth of nations in the global economy -- Development of nations in the global economy -- International economic development -- Economic problems of developing areas -- Stages of economic maturation -- Business in emerging markets -- Economics of regional development -- Economics of urban development -- Private sector economic development -- Consulting to growth companies -- Business metrics -- Productivity -- LEED's certification.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- TABLES -- FIGURES -- FOREWORD -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- Overview -- Rationale for a Region-Based Urban Development Strategy -- Objectives -- 2 URBAN ROLES AND ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- Urbanization in the Context of Economic Growth -- Geographical Constraints in Urban Development: Process and Factors -- The Urban Economic Base -- Social Context of Urbanization -- Urban Infrastructure and Services -- Urban Environment -- Urban Land Uses -- Urban-Rural Links: Urban Centers, Market Towns, and Rural Villages -- Urban Finance -- Urban Poverty -- 3 DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND TYPOLOGY OF URBAN REGIONS -- Context -- Growth Centers and Product Flows -- Agglomeration of Rural Settlements in the Urban Region -- Export Processing Zones -- Industrial Corridors -- Cities in a Clustered Form -- Urban Functions -- Defining Economic Regions -- 4 EFFORTS IN URBAN-REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- Urban Institutions and Governance -- Government Policies and Programs -- Urban Infrastructure and Development Supported by International Agencies -- Urban Studies in Regional Development Context -- 5 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR UNLEASHING ECONOMIC GROWTH -- Context -- Analytical Framework for Unleashing Economic Growth in Urban Economic Regions -- Verification of the Analytical Methodology in Five Pilot Towns -- 6 GROWTH POTENTIAL IN EACH URBAN ECONOMIC REGION -- Comparative Advantages of Nepal in an International Context -- Analysis of Urban Economic Regions -- Analysis of Individual Economic Regions -- 7 STRATEGIC POSITION AND WAYS TO MOVE FORWARD -- Rationale of Shifting Nepal's Development Approach -- Region-Based Urban Development Strategy -- Actions for Unleashing Economic Growth in Each Urban Economic Region -- REFERENCES -- ANNEXES -- Annex 1. Comparative Advantages of Nepal in an International Context.

Economic growth in Europe has been disappointing in the past few years, especially when compared to the US, and in addition growth in the UK has looked more robust than that in the large continental economies. There could be many factors that contribute to these differences, and they are addressed in the articles by Crafts; Barrell, Guillemineau and Holland; Mc Morrow and Röger; and Bebee and Hunt in this Review. This introduction discusses some of the factors affecting growth, and draws some conclusions from these studies that help us understand why growth may differ between countries for sustained periods of time, and also why underlying, or trend growth rates may vary over time.