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Dependenciatheory is in vogue among social scientists throughout the world. Having originated in Latin America in the early 1960s, it was widely embraced both there and in parts of Europe and Africa by the end of the decade. In the 1970s, North Americans joined the flood of scholars attempting to grapple with the problems of underdevelopment in the so-called Third World from a perspective explicitly rejecting traditional theories of development. With this new stream of researchers came new tools and new approaches to the study of peripheral societies, tools and approaches intended to complement those previously used within the dependencia tradition.

This review identifies empirical facts about lobbying that are generally agreed upon in the literature. It then discusses challenges to empirical research in lobbying and provides examples of empirical methods that can be employed to overcome these challenges-with an emphasis on statistical measurement, identification, and casual inference. The article then discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and effective use of the main types of data available for research in lobbying. It closes with a number of open questions for researchers in the field and avenues for future work to advance empirical research on lobbying. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis article provides a guide to approaching empirical research work for the first time, as well as obtaining a foundation in the use of the statistical software package, Stata. The emphasis revolves around data cleaning and its importance in writing a good research essay. I also cover a basic introduction to Stata, the importance of do‐files, common data problems and good coding practice. In closing, I advise that not everything in research needs to go to plan, but that good research practice makes it easier to adapt when plans do not work out.

Abstract.  Empirical research on the determinants of firms' boundaries has flourished over the past 25 years. This article discusses the progress that has been made to date, emphasizing the intellectual advances made by researchers in this literature during this period. I stress empirical researchers' important role in operationalizing theoretical concepts and relate how success on this dimension brings these concepts to bear on real‐life, make‐or‐buy decisions. I also discuss shortcomings in the current literature – in particular the paucity of research on how variation in firms' boundaries can affect economic outcomes – and point to how and where such shortcomings might be overcome.

Introduction -- Intergenerational Transformation of Empirical Research in Economics -- Implementing Empirical Economics into Policymaking -- Challenges in Empirical Research in Economics: The Way Forward -- The Next Generation of Empirical Labor Economics -- Past and Future of Empirical Development Economics -- Empirical Analysis in the Economics of International Trade: Recent Progress and Challenges -- From Behavioral Economics to Behavioral Science -- "Swallowed" Economic History: The Significance of Economic History Research in Economics -- Difficulties in Conducting Empirical Research in Macroeconomics: Evaluating Policies for Economic Growth -- Conclusion.

In contrast to the jurisprudential history of the insanity defense, significant empirical research on its use & effects has emerged only in the past decade. The research is organized here around six major questions closely related to the public policy questions that have gained much currency in the wake of the John Hinckley trial. In many instances, the research data sharply conflict with popular notions of who are acquitted by reason of insanity & how long they are hospitalized after acquittal. There is considerable consistency across jurisdictions on the characteristics of acquittees & their recidivism rates, but substantial differences on the length of their detention both across jurisdictions & in different time periods within jurisdictions. Future research, to be productive for both policy & substantive purposes, requires multistate designs with a systemic approach. HA.

In contrast to the jurisprudential history of the insanity defense, significant empirical research on its use and effects has emerged only in the past decade. The research is organized here around six major questions closely related to the public policy questions that have gained much currency in the wake of the John Hinckley trial. In many instances, the research data sharply conflict with popular notions of who are acquitted by reason of insanity and how long they are hospitalized after acquittal. There is considerable consistency across jurisdictions on the characteristics of acquittees and their recidivism rates, but substantial differences on the length of their detention both across jurisdictions and in different time periods within jurisdictions. Future research, to be productive for both policy and substantive purposes, requires multistate designs with a systemic approach.

This review identifies empirical facts about lobbying that are generally agreed upon in the literature. It then discusses challenges to empirical research in lobbying and provides examples of empirical methods that can be employed to overcome these challenges—with an emphasis on statistical measurement, identification, and casual inference. The article then discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and effective use of the main types of data available for research in lobbying. It closes with a number of open questions for researchers in the field and avenues for future work to advance empirical research on lobbying.

Scholars and policy makers have long recognized entrepreneurship as a powerful engine of economic growth. There is clear evidence, however, that when it comes to social entrepreneurship, policy attention has not been matched by growth in scholarly research. This volume illustrates the type of empirical effort that must take place for the field to advance. The authors review the latest research in the field and then address the many challenges - heterogeneous institutions, geographies and cultures, fast evolving practices, the lack of reliable large datasets, and fragmented theory building - that have hampered the development of this research. In many ways, the fundamental questions relating to the rationale and definitions of social entrepreneurship are still very much a work in progress. The main characteristics emerging from the theoretical and empirical discussions in this volume exemplify such complexity. This volume will inspire future researchers to pursue cross-disciplinary theory building, with the aim of building on what we already know and resolving what remains controversial. It will also help researchers think creatively about how their work can inform practice and policy making through the initial design of the research model. This book offers an empirical approach to social entrepreneurship, that researchers, students and policy makers will find invaluable